Biofortification of soybean grains with foliar application of Li sources

Abstract

Biofortification of soybean grains with lithium (Li) is a strategy to improve a food with high social acceptance, in order to promote health benefits. The aim of this work was to evaluate the development of plants and the production of biofortified soybeans with two Li sources. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with five replicates. Ten treatments were obtained in a 2x5 factorial scheme, comprising two sources of Li (LiOH - Li hydroxide and Li₂SO₄ - Li sulfate) and five doses (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120?mg kg^?1) in stages V4 and R1. The supply of Li promoted significant effects (p?≤?0.05) on the morphology, yield components and nutritional status of soybean plants. The highest grain yield was obtained with the use of Li₂SO₄ at the estimated dose of 45.7?mg kg^?1. The plants accumulated Li between 8.00 and 11.20?mg kg ^?1, respectively, with the use of Li₂SO₄ and LiOH. In the grains, the highest concentrations of Li were obtained with the application of 120?mg kg^?1. Li₂SO₄ and LiOH are good sources for biofortification of soybean grains.     

Growth and mineral nutrition of cattails inhabiting a thermally‐graded south carolina reservoir: II. The micronutrients 1

Micronutrient uptake by two species of cattail, Typha latifolia and T. domingensis, in a thermally‐stressed South Carolina lake was determined throughout a growing season. Plants of the same age class were sampled from shoot emergence in early spring to shoot senescence in late fall. The uptake pattern varied according to the element, season, and for some elements, thermal regime. In addition, interspecific differences in uptake were observed, with higher elemental concentrations usually occurring in T. latifolia shoots. In both species, Zn and Fe tended to accumulate in the rhizomes, whereas Mn and B accumulated in shoots. Copper concentrations were equivalent in both shoots and rhizomes. Zinc was the only micronutrient to demonstrate a consistent decrease in shoot concentration in bothspecies early in the growing season followed by a gradual decline or leveling off in concentration over the rest of the season. The other micronutrients exhibited inconsistent uptake patterns. Iron was the only micronutrient to exhibit consistent enhanced effects due to temperature elevation throughout the growing season. In general, larger variabilities were observed in micronutrient uptake than in macronutrient uptake.     

Vanadium induced manganese toxicity in bush bean plants grown in solution culture

Seedlings of two bush bean cultivars (Phaseolus vulqaris L. cvs. Mn‐sensitive ‘Wonder Crop 2’ and Mn‐tolerant ‘Green Lord') were grown for 14 days in full strength Hoagland No. 2 nutrient solution containing 0.05 ‐ 2 mg L^‐1 of vanadium (V) as ammonium vanadate.

Increasing V concentration in the solution decreased total dry weight of both cultivars. Plant tops were stunted and leaf color became dark green at 1 ‐ 2 mg L^‐1 V, especially in ‘Green Lord’. Veinal necrosis similar to that of Mn toxicity was observed in the primary leaves of ‘Wonder Crop 2’ at 0.2 mg L^‐1 V or above, but not in those of ‘Green Lord’.

The V concentrations in the roots increased exponentially with increasing V concentration in the solution; however, V concentrations in the leaves and stems were not affected. The Mn concentrations in the primary leaves increased under the higher V treatment in ‘Wonder Crop 2'; but not in ‘Green Lord’. In contrast, Fe concentration in the leaves of ‘Wonder Crop 2’ decreased markedly with increasing V concentration in the solution. Enhanced Mn uptake and greater reduction of Fe uptake by ‘Wonder Crop 2’ may explain the incidence of V‐induced Mn toxicity.     

Mineral and trace element composition in induced mutants of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) millsp.)

In the present investigation several mutants isolated during mutagenic studies of pigeonpea were analysed for Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Cr, Ni. The results have revealed changes in the concentrations of macro and micro mineral elements in the mutant seed material. These changes in concentrations are attributed to the altered genetic structure; due to mutations, the plant system might have absorbed and stored more or less amounts of the elements in the seeds.     

QuEChERS-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测茶叶中胺菊酯

建立一种基于QuEChERS-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测茶叶中胺菊酯残留的方法。茶叶样品加入10 mL水浸泡30 min,加入15 mL乙腈(1%醋酸)、6 g无水硫酸镁和1.5 g醋酸钠振荡提取,经石墨化碳黑、PSA和C₁₈净化,C₁₈色谱柱分离,超高效液相色谱-串联质谱进行定量分析。结果表明,胺菊酯在2~100μg/L质量浓度范围内呈现良好的线性关系,相关系数R²=0.9942,方法检出限(LOD)为3.30μg/kg,方法定量限(LOQ)为10.0μg/kg。在10.0,20.0,100.0μg/kg 3个加标水平下,方法回收率为77.11%~105.71%,相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于10%。所建立的方法具有简便、快速、灵敏和准确的优点,适用于日常茶叶样品的痕量分析。     

苏锡常地区城市公园土壤微量元素分布特征及其环境指示意义

在江苏省国土1/250 000多目标地球化学调查基础上,选择苏州市、吴江市、无锡市、江阴市、常州市、金坛市等45个城市公园土壤作为研究对象,系统研究了当地典型城市公园土壤中Cd、Hg、Pb、Zn、Sb、Sn、B、Se、N、稀土元素(REE)等50个元素含量及土壤pH、总有机碳(TOC)等分布特征。结果表明,城市公园土壤的微量元素分布与城区污染土壤、农田土壤有显著差异,公园土壤的重金属含量总体偏低、N与TOC含量明显低于农田土壤,在公园土壤中S、Se、Cd、Pb、Zn、TOC等元素未出现高强度的人为富集,重金属污染以轻度Hg污染为主,S、Se、Cd、Pb、TOC、pH等指标在200 cm深度内分布相对稳定、未出现元素含量在不同深度的显著变化,指示多数公园土壤的微量元素分布总体上较一般城市土壤更少受人为因素干扰,可为人为活动对城市土壤环境的影响研究提供重要的参比对象。     

高寒地区微肥对多年生人工草地生产性能的影响

在5a中华羊茅(Festuca china)和冷地早熟禾(Poa alpigena)人工草地上,进行不同微量元素肥料配比的追肥试验。试验结果表明:(1)在中华羊茅和冷地早熟禾处理组中,进行的硼砂、硫酸铜和硫酸锌的追肥处理,对牧草的地上生物量和种子产量有提高作用。在中华羊茅草地里,硼肥处理分别提高地上生物量和种子产量为12.2%和10.2%;在冷地早熟禾草地里分别提高13.2%和10.2%,差异均显著;但Cu肥、Zn肥处理组间的差异不显著;(2)硼肥对中华羊茅和冷地早熟禾两种植株的分蘖密度和有效小穗数影响显著,分别提高12.3%、9.3%、10.5%和8.8%;铜肥和锌肥效果的差异不显著。     

Water Extractable Trace Elements in Poultry Litters and Granulated Products

Poultry litter contains many trace elements such as As, Cu, and Zn, and its land application may lead to the accumulation of these elements in soils, especially near the soil surface. The objectives of this study were to determine the total amount of trace elements and evaluate the effect of litter granulation and various litter to water extraction ratios on water extractable trace elements in 8 raw and granulated litter products. Granulated litters that contained urea, dicyandiamide, or hydrolyzed feathermeal had significantly lower contents of total As, B, Cu, Mn, and Zn than untreated litters because of the dilution of litters with additives. Trace element concentrations (mg/L) in the water extracts of the various poultry litters generally decreased when extraction ratios (litter to water) shifted from 1:10 to 1:250, or as the amount of poultry litter decreased with a constant water volume (200 mL). But, the water extractable content of trace metals (mg/kg) generally increased from an extraction ratio of 1:10 to 1:200, with values similar at 1:200 and 1:250 extraction ratios. Based on our results, we suggest using a 1:200 extraction ratio when evaluating water extractable As, Cu, and Zn in poultry litters. The estimated land application rates of trace metals, when poultry litter is applied on the basis of total P content, were considerably lower than the trace metal loadings allowable under the current environmental regulations governing biosolids and other materials with measurable amounts of trace metals. The laboratory water extractions of poultry litters and granulated products have increased our understanding of the potential risks to water quality posed by the land application of poultry litter and will contribute to the development of base knowledge needed to define land application practices that are protective of soil and water quality.     

微波消解ICP-MS法测定笋制品中的多种元素

本研究采用微波消解样品、电感耦合等离子体质谱仪（ICP-MS）法同时测定笋制品中Ca、K、Mg、Al、Fe、Mn、Cu、As、Cd、Pb、Cr、Se 等12种元素。结果表明,添加回收率在86%~113%之间,相对标准偏差RSD<5%（n=6）,检出限为0.002μg/L ~2.471μg/L。4种笋制品的元素含量具有一定的差异,主要是由于笋制品的配方不同所至。该法快速简便、准确率高、精密度好,可以用于笋制品中元素的测定。     

湖南桂阳地区烟叶部分中微量元素含量分析

为深入研究近年来湖南桂阳地区烟叶内中微量元素含量的变化状况,分别于2005年、2007年从湖南省桂阳县的和平镇和桥市乡两个地区采集不同部位的烟叶样品,运用ICP测定方法对其部分中微量元素含量进行测定,并将桂阳地区烟叶与津巴布韦烟叶内中微量元素含量的进行对比分析,结果表明:与2005年相比,2007年桂阳地区烟叶中硼、铁、铜的含量明显降低,处于较低水平,锰的含量有所下降,但是仍在适宜范围,个别部位烟叶中镁和钙的含量略有下降,仍处于较低水平.与津巴布韦烟叶相比,桂阳地区烟叶中B,Fe,Cu的含量较低.建议桂阳地区应注意对烟叶的中微量元素的补充.