覆膜对酒竹笋营养元素与成分的影响

2004年引进了原产非洲东部中高山地区的竹亚科(Bambusoideae)锐药竹属(Oxytenanthera Mun-ro)竹种--酒竹(O.braunii Pilger ap.Engler),经过近4年的引种栽培,实地调查发现,与邻近勃氏甜龙竹(Dendrocalamus brandisii Kurz)、马来甜龙竹(D.asper (Schult.f.)Backer ex Heyne)、麻竹(D.latiflorus Munro)竹林相比较,笋横锥大象(Cyrtotrachelus buqueti Guer)、笋直锥大象(C.longimanus Fabricius)和巨红蝽(Macroceroes grandis Gray)特别喜食酒竹笋.     

竹腔施肥对毛竹笋中重金属及微量元素的影响研究

对连续5年施肥及未实施竹腔施肥的毛竹笋中重金属及微量元素含量进行测量,数据显示：竹腔施肥后,笋中重金属铅减少了78％,镉减少了52％,砷提高了31％;微量元素铜提高了18％,锌减少了18％、硼减少了16％、钼减少了80％;施肥前后,亚硝酸盐及汞笋内均未检出。分析结果表明：竹腔施肥有利于提高毛竹笋的食用安全性及营养价值。     

原子吸收法测定荒漠肉苁蓉中微量元素的含量

采用火焰原子吸收分光光度法和石墨炉法对荒漠肉苁蓉样品中的金属元素Fe、Cu、Zn、Mg、Ca、Pb、Sn含量进行了测定.结果表明,此方法简单,精密度和灵敏度高,回收率为98.90%～101.27%,结果可靠.荒漠肉苁蓉中Mg、Ca、Fe、Zn含量较高.     

Heavy Metal Accumulation in Soil Amended with Roadside Pond Sediment and Uptake by Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

The effect of addition of roadside pond sediments on heavy metal contents of flooded rice paddies was studied to investigate the yield of rice and uptake of heavy metal by rice straw and grain. Sequential extraction of heavy metals on sediments shows that the percentage contribution of metals in the labile fraction follows the order lead (Pb, 48%) > copper (Cu, 42%) > zinc (Zn, 31%) > cadmium (Cd, 16%) > chromium (Cr, 9%) > nickel (Ni, 6%). The risk assessment code (RAC) for pond sediment revealed that Cr and Ni were found in the low-risk zone, Zn and Cd in the medium-risk zone, and Cu and Pb in the high-risk zone. However, though the heavy metal concentration in rice grain does not exceed the range acceptable for human consumption, it still represents a significant additional source of heavy metals in the diet. The addition of pond sediment significantly increased the rice yield over control. Therefore, pond sediment would be a valuable resource for agriculture if it is properly used.     

蛋氨酸钴对珍珠龙胆石斑鱼幼鱼生长、矿物元素沉积及肝脏酶活力的影响

在基础饲料中添加不同梯度的蛋氨酸钴(Co Met),制成钴含量分别为0.30 mg/kg、1.75 mg/kg、3.42 mg/kg、6.73 mg/kg、12.56 mg/kg、25.50 mg/kg的6组实验饲料(记作D1、D2、D3、D4、D5、D6组),饲喂初始体重(60.02±0.42)g的珍珠龙胆石斑鱼(Epinephelus lanceolatu♂×E.fuscoguttatus♀)幼鱼8周,研究蛋氨酸钴对其生长、矿物元素沉积和肝脏酶活力的影响。结果表明,随饲料中蛋氨酸钴含量的增加,实验鱼增重率(WGR)和特定生长率(SGR)均先升后降,D3组显著高于其他组(P0.05);饲料系数(FCR)先降后升,D3、D4组显著低于其他组(P0.05)。蛋氨酸钴对肌肉水分和灰分含量均无显著影响(P0.05);粗蛋白含量呈降低的趋势,D5、D6组显著低于D1~D4组(P0.05),但二者之间无显著差异(P0.05);粗脂肪含量先降后升,D4组显著低于其他组(P0.05),D6组显著高于其他组(P0.05)。肝脏、肠道、脊椎骨及肌肉钴含量均随饲料中蛋氨酸钴的增加而显著增加(P0.05);全鱼钴沉积率呈先升高后平稳的趋势,D1组显著低于其他组(P0.05)。肝脏铁、铜和锌含量随饲料中蛋氨酸钴的增加呈先升后降的趋势;肝脏锰含量显著降低(P0.05)。随饲料中蛋氨酸钴的增加,肝脏谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)活力先升后降,D5组显著高于其他组(P0.05);D5、D6组肝脏丙二醛(MDA)含量显著低于其他组(P0.05);肝脏精氨酸酶(DArg)活力随饲料中蛋氨酸钴的增加显著升高(P0.05);D4~D6组肝脏羧肽酶A(CPA)活力显著高于D1~D3组(P0.05),但三组之间无显著差异(P0.05)。本实验条件下,以SGR为评价指标,经折线回归分析,珍珠龙胆石斑鱼幼鱼对钴的最适需求量为3.25 mg/kg,即53.28 mg(Co Met)/kg(饲料)。     

海南省不同地区几种热带牧草微量元素含量

从海南省5个地区分别采集5种热带人工牧草样品,以原子吸收分光光度法测定其中铁、铜、锌和锰的含量。给出了热带地区牛、羊舍饲常用的5种人工牧草中上述元素的平均含量。从测定结果还可看出,不同地区的同种牧草,有些微量元素的平均值相近,但多数微量元素含量存在一定、甚至较大的差异;同一地区同一种牧草样品间也有差异。     

Organic trace minerals on productive performance,egg quality and immune response in Bovans White laying hens

This study was performed in 360 laying Bovans White hens and aimed to evaluate the effect of Carbo‐Amino‐Phosphate‐Chelates (CAFQ) as a mineral premix and its 30% reduction by compared to inorganic trace minerals (ITM) concerning its performance, egg quality, tibia breaking strength and immunity. Sixty‐week‐old hens were assigned into three treatments with 10 replicates of 12 birds each. Treatments were as follows: (a) (100% ITM), (b) (100% CAFQ) and (c) (70% CAFQ). Based on the results obtained during 12 weeks, under the current test conditions, improved yolk colour (p < 0.05); shell breaking strength (p < 0.05); and storage time (p < 0.05) were observed in hens fed with a diet reduced by 70% in CAFQ inclusion showed similar performance behaviour and better egg breaking strength regarding with ITM, suggesting the possibility of minimizing the inclusion of trace minerals in laying hen diets improving environmental impact, in contrast to the use of inorganic sources of minerals.     

不同水平无机及有机复合微量元素对蛋鸡血浆抗氧化能力的影响

本试验旨在研究不同水平无机及有机复合微量元素对蛋鸡血浆抗氧化能力的影响。选取990只22周龄的京红1号蛋鸡,随机分为11组,每组6个重复,每个重复15只鸡。1组为对照组,试验组分别在饲粮中按NRC(1994)推荐需要量的25%、50%、75%、100%、125%添加不同水平的无机(2~6组)或有机复合微量元素(7~11组),其中锰(Mn)、铁(Fe)、锌(Zn)、硒(Se)添加水平参照蛋鸡NRC(1994)标准,铜(Cu)添加水平参照肉鸡NRC(1994)标准。试验期24周。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,添加NRC推荐需要量的75%、100%、125%无机复合微量元素极显著提高了蛋鸡的血浆总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活性(P0.01);添加NRC推荐需要量的100%、125%无机复合微量元素极显著提高了血浆谷胱甘肽过氧化物歧化酶(GSH-Px)活性(P0.01);添加NRC推荐需要量的125%无机复合微量元素极显著提高了试验第8周和第24周时血浆总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)(P0.01);添加NRC推荐需要量的75%、100%、125%无机复合微量元素极显著降低了试验第16周时血浆丙二醛(MDA)含量(P0.01)。2)与对照组相比,添加不同水平的有机复合微量元素均极显著提高了试验第8周时蛋鸡的血浆T-AOC,试验第4周、第8周和第16周时血浆T-SOD活性和试验第16周时血浆GSH-Px活性(P0.01);添加NRC推荐需要量的50%、75%、100%、125%有机复合微量元素极显著降低了试验第4周和第16周时血浆M DA含量(P0.01)。3)NRC推荐需要量的75%水平时,试验第8周,有机组血浆T-AOC显著高于无机组(P0.05);试验第16周和第24周,有机组血浆GSH-Px活性显著高于无机组(P0.05)。NRC推荐需要量的125%水平时,试验第16周,有机组血浆T-SOD活性显著高于无机组(P0.05)。试验表明,蛋鸡饲粮中添加NRC推荐需要量的75%以上无机复合微量元素有利于提高血浆的抗氧化能力;蛋鸡饲粮中添加NRC推荐需要量的25%、50%有机复合微量元素有利于提高血浆的抗氧化能力;在NRC推荐需要量的75%、125%水平时,有机复合微量元素对蛋鸡抗氧化能力的提高效果优于无机复合微量元素。     

中药在羔羊育肥中的应用探讨

本文对中药在羔羊育肥中的应用进行了系统性的探讨。通过对相关文献的梳理和分析,总结了中药在提高羔羊体重、促进肌肉生长、改善免疫力等方面的作用与机制,并探讨了中药与硒、锌等微量元素的联合应用对羔羊育肥的协同作用。不仅为提高羔羊养殖效益提供了新思路和方法,也有助于推广中药在畜牧业中的应用。     

Harmonisation, standardisation for soil and sediment fractionation studies, and usefulness in assessment and risk management

Single and sequential extraction procedures are often used to study the environmental fate of trace elements from soils and sediments. Although these schemes are quite popular, they are prone to various sources of errors, which require them to be thoroughly controlled. Owing to their operationally-defined character, the only way to compare analytical data is to stick closely to procedures that have been collaboratively studied and written in the form of an operating protocol. Groups of scientists have hence developed ‘harmonised’ procedures that are used as a reference for fractionation studies. A higher level is the formal standardisation of the procedures by official standardisation bodies, which also fulfils the need for achieving the comparability of data obtained by different laboratories from different countries. This paper discusses aspects of harmonisation (consensus obtained by groups of scientists) and standardisation (adoption of standards as mandated by an international organisation) as applied to single and extraction schemes for trace element fractionation studies, including quality control aspects.