The Estimation of Soil Trace Elements Distribution and Soil-Plant-Animal Continuum in Relation to Trace Elements Status of Sheep in Huangcheng Area of Qilian Mountain Grassland,China

The purpose of the present study was to survey contents of trace elements of Cu, Mn, Fe, and Zn in the surface layer (0-20 cm) in the soil, pasture and serum of sheep in Huangcheng area of Qilian mountain grassland, China. Also the soil-plant-animal continuum was analyzed. Soil (n=300), pasture (n=60), and blood serum samples from sheep (n=480) were collected from Huangcheng area of Qilian mountain grassland, China. The contents of trace element in the samples were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometer after digestion. The soil trace elements density distribution shows a ladder-like pattern distribution. Equations developed in the present study for prediction of Fe (R²=0.943) and Zn (R²=0.882) had significant R² values.     

Effect of pH on Potentially Toxic Trace Elements (Cd,Cu, Ni,and Zn) Solubility in Two Native and Spiked Calcareous Soils: Experimental and Modeling

The effect of soil pH on solubility of the potentially toxic trace elements (PTEs) [cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn)] was assessed using two native and spiked calcareous soils. Multiple PTEs solutions were added to soils and equilibrated (aged) for 40 days. Then, PTEs solubility was measured at different pH level (1–3 units below and above the pH of native soils). In native soils, all PTEs displayed a V-shaped pH-dependent solubility pattern with important releases at pH 4 and 10 (native soil 1) and 5 and 11 (native soil 2). In spiked soils, the general tendency for the pH where solubility started was in the order Cd > Ni > Zn > Cu. Solubility of added trace elements increased with a decrease in pH. Solubility of PTEs occurred at a lower pH in the soil with a higher carbonate content than the other soil (both native and spiked). In order to predict the effect of soil pH on solubility of PTEs, surface complexation and ions exchange models of PHREEQC program were used. The model simulated the PTEs solubility in soils very well. Comparison of experimental and simulated data indicated that ions exchange and surface complexation were the main mechanisms for predicting PTEs solubility in soils. Environmental implications concerning PTEs mobility might be derived from these findings.     

Effects of dietary manganese supplementation on nutrient digestibility and production performance in male sika deer (Cervus Nippon)

This study aimed to investigate the effects of manganese (Mn) supplementation on nutrient digestibility and antler growth in male sika deer. Twenty 3‐year‐old male sika deer were divided into four groups (Control, T40, T80 and T120). The control diet contained 22.2 mg Mn/kg. The treatment diets were supplemented with 40, 80 and 120 mg of Mn/kg (provided as Mn methionine). The results showed that the digestibility of dry matter and crude protein in the T80 group was greater than other groups. Higher digestibility of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber was observed in the T80 group than in the control group. Plasma Mn concentrations in the T80 and T120 groups were higher (P < 0.01) than control and T40 group (P < 0.01). The concentration of Mn in feces was increased with increasing Mn amount. Average daily gain of fresh antler and dry antler of T80 was greater than other groups, especially the control group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the suitable level of Mn supplementation was found to be 80 mg/kg (total Mn content 103.4 mg/kg dry matter), which significantly increased antler daily gain and feed digestibility in 3‐year‐old sika deer.     

Examination of Correlation between Histidine,Sulfur, Cadmium,and Cobalt Absorption by Morus L., Robinia pseudoacacia L., and Populus nigra L.

We investigated the relationship between histidine, sulfur (S), cadmium (Cd), and cobalt (Co) in three hyperaccumulating plants, namely Morus L., Robinia pseudoacacia L., and Populus nigra L. The samples were collected around Gaziantep and Bursa cities because these two cities have more than 1,500,000 populations, in Turkey, as well as they are highly industrialized. Analyses for Cd, Co, and S were done by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) and for histidine by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer (HPLC-MS). Related with role of histidine in detoxification, it was considered that histidine did not bind nickel (Ni) directly in the cytoplasm, but in transport vesicles because metal-rich vesicles had been observed in the cytoplasm of cells of hyperaccumulator plants. The linear correlations were r_his-Cd = 0.70 and r_his-Co = 0.74 for P. nigra L., r_his-Co = 0.52 and r_Co-S = 0.76 for R. pseudoacacia L. It was concluded that P. nigra L. leaves can be considered as hyperaccumulators.     

南疆部分地区土壤-牧草-畜体系统中主要微量元素含量的初步调查研究

[目的]从动物微量元素营养角度,调查研究新疆南疆部分地区,土壤-牧草-畜体系统中主要微量元素含量.[方法]对库尔勒市普惠牧场、沙雅县塔里木第一牧场、新和县牧场和尉犁县礅阔坦乡等采样点的32份土壤、牧草样品中的铜、钼、锰、锌和硒等5项微量元素;沙雅塔里木第一牧场、库尔勒市普惠牧场32 只放牧患摇背症绵羔羊的肝、脊髓和脂肪等组织的铜、锌、钼等3种微量元素含量进行分析,并且对沙雅县塔里木第一牧场1 000多头绵山羊进行流行病学调查数据统计.[结果]土壤、牧草样品的分析显示,铜钼比值明显低于对反刍动物比较安全的范围(2～3:1 ),土壤中铜含量处于正常水平范围内(15～60 mg/kg),但新和县牧场和尉犁县礅阔坦乡生长牧草含铜量明显低于正常水平(3～5 mg/kg);锌、锰、硒含量基本处在正常范围之内(100、400、0.03～0.05 mg/kg);对患摇背症羔羊内脏组织元素含量分析显示:羊肝铜、锌都处于低水平.但钼处于高水平(正常值2～4 mg/kg),提示该两个地区绵羊处于低铜、低锌和高钼的营养状况.[结论]调查区域羔羊摇背症发病率在沙雅第一牧场高达75;以上、成年绵山羊的流产率达到40;左右,显示所调查区域部分地区处于条件性铜营养缺乏,有些地方处于原发性铜缺乏状态.     

微量元素硒在动物生产中的应用研究

硒是动物生产中必需的微量元素之一。该文综述了硒的存在形式、机体内的代谢过程以及硒在动物生产中的应用,为其今后的研究应用提供参考。     

宁夏银北平原灌淤土耕层土壤微量元素的空间变异性研究

通过网格采样和土壤养分系统研究法测量了面积为267 hm2灌淤土耕层土壤速效微量元素硼、铜、铁、锰、锌含量,采用传统统计学和地统计学结合的方法,研究了宁夏银北平原灌淤土耕层土壤微量元素田间尺度的空间变异特征。结果表明,研究区耕层土壤微量元素铜、铁、锰、锌的有效态含量呈正态分布,硼呈对数正态分布,其变异系数在30.0%~87.2%;半变异函数分析表明,硼、铜、铁、锰、锌具有各向异性,长轴相关距离分别为550、1 100、700、500、500 m,短轴相关距离分别为200、450、300、250、200 m,块金值/基台值分别为14.3%、11.3%、23.0%、21.7%、23.1%。最后利用普通克立格插值方法绘制了研究区硼、铜、铁、锰、锌的含量分布图,以利于进行土壤微量元素养分的分地块管理。     

地下水硝酸盐污染来源的推断与溯源方法概述

不同地区的地下水中硝酸盐污染物的来源可能不同,这些差异可以通过一定的方法分析和追溯,本文概述了地下水硝酸盐污染来源的推断与溯源几种常用方法,包括六成分法、派珀图法、相关性分析,以及稳定同位素方法。     

蛋氨酸钴对珍珠龙胆石斑鱼幼鱼生长、矿物元素沉积及肝脏酶活力的影响

在基础饲料中添加不同梯度的蛋氨酸钴(Co Met),制成钴含量分别为0.30 mg/kg、1.75 mg/kg、3.42 mg/kg、6.73 mg/kg、12.56 mg/kg、25.50 mg/kg的6组实验饲料(记作D1、D2、D3、D4、D5、D6组),饲喂初始体重(60.02±0.42)g的珍珠龙胆石斑鱼(Epinephelus lanceolatu♂×E.fuscoguttatus♀)幼鱼8周,研究蛋氨酸钴对其生长、矿物元素沉积和肝脏酶活力的影响。结果表明,随饲料中蛋氨酸钴含量的增加,实验鱼增重率(WGR)和特定生长率(SGR)均先升后降,D3组显著高于其他组(P0.05);饲料系数(FCR)先降后升,D3、D4组显著低于其他组(P0.05)。蛋氨酸钴对肌肉水分和灰分含量均无显著影响(P0.05);粗蛋白含量呈降低的趋势,D5、D6组显著低于D1~D4组(P0.05),但二者之间无显著差异(P0.05);粗脂肪含量先降后升,D4组显著低于其他组(P0.05),D6组显著高于其他组(P0.05)。肝脏、肠道、脊椎骨及肌肉钴含量均随饲料中蛋氨酸钴的增加而显著增加(P0.05);全鱼钴沉积率呈先升高后平稳的趋势,D1组显著低于其他组(P0.05)。肝脏铁、铜和锌含量随饲料中蛋氨酸钴的增加呈先升后降的趋势;肝脏锰含量显著降低(P0.05)。随饲料中蛋氨酸钴的增加,肝脏谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)活力先升后降,D5组显著高于其他组(P0.05);D5、D6组肝脏丙二醛(MDA)含量显著低于其他组(P0.05);肝脏精氨酸酶(DArg)活力随饲料中蛋氨酸钴的增加显著升高(P0.05);D4~D6组肝脏羧肽酶A(CPA)活力显著高于D1~D3组(P0.05),但三组之间无显著差异(P0.05)。本实验条件下,以SGR为评价指标,经折线回归分析,珍珠龙胆石斑鱼幼鱼对钴的最适需求量为3.25 mg/kg,即53.28 mg(Co Met)/kg(饲料)。