几种中微量元素肥料对烤烟产量及品质的影响

2011年,在吉林省大安市、洮南市和镇赉县分别进行了大田烤烟,锰、硼、钼、锌和镁肥的施肥量和施用方法的试验研究。试验结果表明:在锰、硼、钼、锌和镁等中微量元素有效含量缺乏的烟田中,增施适量的中微肥,能够促进烤烟的营养均衡并在此基础上促进其生长;能够提高土壤和叶片中相应的中微量元素含量;烤烟的经济效益也随之得到提高。从试验长势看,所有试验中微肥都比对照好,喷施比基施表现要好,基施中硼、钼、锌、镁表现比较好,喷施中硼、钼、镁、钾+钼、钾+锌表现最好;从烘烤质量上看,不论基施的还是喷施的钼都表现得最好。     

稀土微肥在农作物中的作用机理

介绍微肥的定义和微肥在农作物生长过程中的作用,综述稀土微肥在农作物中作用机理的研究。     

微量元素水溶肥料在夏玉米上的施用效果

在夏玉米全生育期间,进行叶面喷施"翠兰春"牌微量元素水溶肥料田间试验。结果表明,喷施"翠兰春"牌微量元素水溶肥料可促进夏玉米增产,提高经济效益。与同时喷施等量等次清水对照相比,增产率为7.3%;与空白对照相比,增产率为7.8%;每公顷增加纯收入942.92元。     

有机铬对肉鸡日粮、粪中微量元素和小肠组织结构的影响

试验选用1日龄爱拔益加(AA)肉鸡792只,设6个处理,每个处理4个重复,每个重复33只鸡。对照组饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础日粮,试验组分别饲喂在基础日粮中添加酵母铬0.2 mg/kg、吡啶甲酸铬0.2 mg/kg和蛋氨酸铬0.1 mg/kg(Ⅰ)、0.2 mg/kg(Ⅱ)、0.6 mg/kg(Ⅲ)的日粮(以Cr3+计),自由采食、饮水,试验期为49 d。旨在研究日粮中添加不同有机铬源对肉鸡日粮、粪中微量元素和小肠组织结构的影响。结果表明,(1)酵母铬组和吡啶甲酸铬组日粮铜水平均显著降低(P<0.05),蛋氨酸铬(Ⅱ)组日粮锌水平显著降低(P<0.05);吡啶甲酸铬组和蛋氨酸铬(Ⅱ)组粪铜、粪锌排泄量均显著提高(P<0.05),且蛋氨酸铬(Ⅱ)组粪锰水平显著增加(P<0.05);不同铬源对日粮铁水平和粪铁排泄量均未产生显著影响(P>0.05)。(2)不同铬源均增加空肠黏膜厚度的趋势,且蛋氨酸铬(Ⅲ)组较对照组显著提高28.57%(P<0.05);不同铬源均能降低回肠绒毛长度和黏膜厚度,除酵母铬组黏膜厚度外,其他各试验组均达到显著水平(P<0.05);各试验组十二指肠绒毛长度和黏膜厚度差异均不显著(P>0.05)。由此可见,铬对日粮和粪中铜、锌、锰水平影响显著,对铁影响不显著;能增加空肠黏膜厚度,显著降低回肠绒毛长度和黏膜厚度。     

有机微量元素对初产母猪生产性能及血液指标的影响

为研究有机微量元素对初产母猪生产性能及血清指标的影响,挑选体重相近、健康的初产怀孕80d的母猪40头,随机分为对照和试验组,每组5个重复,每个重复4头猪。对照组母猪在基础日粮中添加无机微量元素添加剂,试验组母猪从妊娠85d开始,在对照组日粮基础上再补充添加0.15%的有机微量元素添加剂,至泌乳期结束。结果表明:(1)母猪饲料中补充有机微量元素后,可显著提高活仔率、健仔数与健仔率(P0.05);有提高活仔数和断奶重的趋势(P0.05);对产程、总产仔数、初生重无影响。(2)补充有机微量元素显著提高了母猪血清中铁含量(P0.05),也显著提高了母猪和仔猪血清中IgA含量(P0.05)。这表明母猪日粮中添加有机微量元素有利于改善母猪繁殖性能。     

Geographical and botanical variation in concentrations of copper,molybdenum, sulphur and iron in sheep pasture plants in Norway

Abstract

To obtain a better knowledge basis for the correct supply of Cu to sheep in Norway, a systematic, countrywide investigation of element composition of pasture plants was conducted, with emphasis on natural pastures. Samples of pasture grass, herbs, willow shrub leaves and bilberry (N = 575) from 142 locations were analysed for Cu, Mo, S and Fe. A large geographical variation was observed for Mo concentration and Cu:Mo ratio, a somewhat smaller variation for Fe, while Cu and S concentrations showed limited geographical variation. The Mo variation led to a Cu:Mo ratio <2 in 2% of the samples and >20 in 62% of samples, confirming that the trace element composition of Norwegian sheep pastures may represent a risk of Cu deficiency as well as Cu overload, depending on location. A considerable botanical variation was also observed, in particular for Cu and Mo.     

Geographical and botanical variation in concentrations of selenium,cobalt, iodine,zinc and other essential elements in sheep pasture plants in Norway

Abstract

In order to obtain a more comprehensive knowledge basis for the supply of essential elements to sheep on pasture in Norway, a systematic, countrywide investigation of element composition of pasture plants was conducted, with emphasis on natural pastures. Samples of pasture grass, herbs, willow shrub leaves and bilberry (N = 575) from 142 locations were analysed for the essential trace elements Se, Co, I, Zn and Mn, and for the major elements Ca, P, Mg, Na and K. A large and systematic geographical variation was observed for Se, I and Na, while concentrations of Zn and of most major elements showed limited variation with sampling site. Se concentrations were inadequate in the majority of samples from all plant species. Marked botanical variation was noted for Co and Zn, and willow shrub leaves were identified as a valuable source of these elements in natural sheep pastures.     

Simultaneous resistance to two or more broad-spectrum anthelmintics by gastrointestinal nematode parasites of sheep and goats

The detection, by means of faecal egg count reduction tests and larval cultures, of two cases of multiple anthelmintic resistance in goats and two in sheep, is reported. The former cases appeared to involve resistance to all three broad-spectrum drench groups (benzimidazole, levamisole, ivermectin) by mainly Ostertugia spp., the latter resistance to two of them (benzimidazole, levamisole) bv Trichostrondus spp. (New Zealand Veterinary Journal 38, 114–117, 1990)     

涝峪苔草微量元素的季节变化

为了分析涝峪苔草不同生长季节的微量元素变化,对涝峪苔草在春、秋、冬三个季节的Mn、Zn、Fe、Cu、Mg等5种微量元素进行了研究。结果表明:被测样品干重在不同季节由高到低表现为,秋季＞春季＞冬季。季节的变化对涝峪苔草体内微量元素有着一定影响,从不同季节几种元素的含量来看,Mn的含量冬季高于春季和秋季,差异极显著(p＜0.01);Zn的含量冬季高于秋季和春季,差异不显著(p＞0.05);Fe的含量冬季高于春季和秋季,差异不显著(p＞0.05);Cu的含量春季高于秋季和冬季,差异显著(p＜0.05);Mg的含量冬季高于秋季和春季,差异显著(p＜0.05)。     

东北稻蟹中18种微量元素含量及健康风险评价

为探讨东北地区（黑龙江省、吉林省和辽宁省）稻田养殖河蟹的微量元素含量水平和食用安全性,于2017年9月在东北主要养殖区采集稻田养殖河蟹56份,利用电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）检测了河蟹体内18种微量元素的含量,并采用单因子污染指数（P_i）和每周可耐受摄入量（PTWI）、目标危害商值（THQ）法分别评价了其污染程度和食用安全性。结果表明：河蟹中检出的大多数微量元素含量远高于该地区池塘养殖的淡水鱼类;吉林省河蟹体内的Cr、Cd、U等10种微量元素含量与其他两省份相比存在显著性差异（P<0.05）;所有样品的Cu、Pb、Cd和Cr含量均未超出国家食品安全标准;5种重金属（Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd和Cr）的成人每周实际摄入量（AWI）低于食品添加剂联合专家委员会（JECFA）推荐的每周可耐受摄入量;5种重金属和其他4种有害微量元素（Ba、U、Ag和Be）的人体每日摄入量（EDI）低于美国环保署（USEPA）推荐的参考剂量（RfD）。研究表明食用东北稻田养殖河蟹摄入的微量元素对食用人群没有明显的健康风险。在检测的18种微量元素中,Ba、Pb和Cd对复合污染物风险指数（HI）贡献率较高,是主要的风险元素。