Studies on the Oxidation of Weathered Coal with Nitric Acid

A raseach has been done on the possibility of producing nitriochumic acid fromweathered coal of Nantong,Sichuan,oxidised by nithic acid.The optimun reacting conditions,whichare found through the way of orthogonal experiment,are suggested as follows:concentration ofHON3 35%,rate of HON3 to coal 3.5,reacting take 15 min,and reaction temperature 369 K. Thecomposition of product is Wf 2. 91 %;Ag 14.06%;HAg 78.28%;Ng 1.62%.     

Estimation of Output Elasticity of Labor of Production Function

For the desire of Chinese computable general equilibrium model, we estimate the output elasticity of labor by using the econometric method and the method that the output elasticity of labor equal to the share of labor income in value added by the sector, and compare our results with the output elasticity of labor of other developing countries. The conclusion is that the output elasticity of labor is between the upper limit and the lower limit of the output elasticity of labor of other developing countries. So ,our results have higher reliability.     

温室用轻型方钢管柱脚底板压力及其简化计算模型

为研究半刚性柱脚底板压力分布,以轻型方钢管柱脚底板为研究对象,首先利用数值模拟方法,考虑柱脚与混凝土基础间非线性静力接触效应,针对4种加劲肋布置方式、6种偏心矩,分别计算24个轻型方钢管柱脚模型的底板受力情况,得到了底板压力分布规律,在此基础上提出了三折线底板压力分布模型,给出了轻型方钢管柱脚底板压力简化计算模型,并确定了相应关键参数。将简化计算模型结果与数值模拟、基于Winkler弹性地基梁模型的解析解和三角形压力分布的底板压力计算结果相对比。结果表明:三角形压力分布计算得到的底板最大压力值位于底板端部,而数值模拟、解析解及该文简化计算模型得到的最大压力值均位于柱截面翼缘处,且三角形压力分布的底板压力最大值明显大于该文简化计算模型结果,简化计算模型计算的底板压力最大值与数值模拟结果较为接近,且二者与解析解底板压力分布曲线亦吻合良好(误差大约为10%)。研究成果为轻型方钢管柱脚设计提供了更为精确适用的计算方法。     

THE "EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE RELATION BETWEEN THE MAGROMOLECIJLAR STRUCTURE OF COAL AND ITS RANK

In this paper, by Using Traube's Law, we presented a method with which the macromolecular structure of coal can be studied through the relation between the true density of coal and its chemical constitution Then we researched the law of the variation of the macromolecular struclure of coal with its. rank. At the same time, we discuss the rank of coal which is classified in the constitution and macromolecular structure of coal     

VARIABLE DAMP STRUCTURAL RELIABILITY DUE TO MULTIPLE RANDOM EXCITATIONS AND SENSETIVITY ANALYSIS

The reliability of random vibration is discussed,and then by using the first order perturbation method and with the aid of relation of the systemic response function to the first order sensetivity of variable damp parameter, the rate of change of structural reliability indication is derived, therefore the constraint equation to guarantee reliability for the structural optimization design is proved and the satisfactory result is obtained,test and the practicability of this method is tested.     

基于灰色关联分析法的白城市洪水资源利用效益分析

[目的]对吉林省白城市洪水资源利用效益进行分析,为该地区洪水资源的合理配置提供科学依据。[方法]采用灰色关联分析法,对2008—2017年白城市洪水资源利用效益衡量及其所依赖的经济收益、生态环境改善、社会发展等变化,分别从直接经济效益、生态环境效益和间接经济社会效益3个角度中确定指标参数和指标体系进行关联分析。[结果]洪水资源利用对各效益指标的影响关联度均在0.55以上,目前洪水资源对生态环境效益影响最为明显,占全部效益的43%。[结论]灰色关联分析法为有效利用和管理洪水资源提供了新的思路与评价方法,白城市洪水资源更多以自然形式为环境及生态所利用,所带来的效益更多在生态资源本身,当地洪水资源具有很大的开发潜力。     

土壤生物工程在北京市琉璃河生态恢复中的应用

为了检验土壤生物工程措施在河流生态恢复中的作用,以北京市怀柔区琉璃河裸露坡岸为研究对象,针对该河段坡面的溅蚀、面蚀、沟蚀以及侧渗侵蚀等土壤侵蚀现象,采用扦插、灌丛垫、埋根和梢捆等几种土壤生物工程措施对河流岸坡进行近自然恢复。分别对施工1个月、4个月、5个月和13个月时毛柳(Salix matsudana)的生长特征和稳固岸坡效果进行了调查监测。结果表明,采用不同的土壤生物工程施工方法,成活的毛柳生长情况均达到较高的水平,不同土壤生物工程措施的新枝高度和基径平均分别增长到116.9cm和0.85cm。由于施工方法不同,毛柳的生长表现出明显的差异;完工1个月后,各种措施毛柳的生长状况由好到差依次是:灌丛垫、埋根、梢捆;完工4个月、5个月和13个月后,生长状况由好到差依次是:埋根、梢捆、灌丛垫、扦插。基径的生长情况与生长高度的情况遵循同样的规律。土壤生物工程施工后河溪岸坡植物快速恢复,生物多样性增加。最后总结了土壤生物工程施工后的管理防护应注意的问题。     

Effect of spectral composition of artificial light on the attraction of moths

During the last decades, artificial night lighting has increased globally, which largely affected many plant and animal species. So far, current research highlights the importance of artificial light with smaller wavelengths in attracting moths, yet the effect of the spectral composition of artificial light on species richness and abundance of moths has not been studied systematically. Therefore, we tested the hypotheses that (1) higher species richness and higher abundances of moths are attracted to artificial light with smaller wavelengths than to light with larger wavelengths, and (2) this attraction is correlated with morphological characteristics of moths, especially their eye size. We indeed found higher species richness and abundances of moths in traps with lamps that emit light with smaller wavelengths. These lamps attracted moths with on average larger body mass, larger wing dimensions and larger eyes. Cascading effects on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, e.g. pollination, can be expected when larger moth species are attracted to these lights. Predatory species with a diet of mainly larger moth species and plant species pollinated by larger moth species might then decline. Moreover, our results indicate a size-bias in trapping moths, resulting in an overrepresentation of larger moth species in lamps with small wavelengths. Our study indicates the potential use of lamps with larger wavelengths to effectively reduce the negative effect of light pollution on moth population dynamics and communities where moths play an important role.     

长江中下游中籼杂交稻区试品种产量成因性状分析

基于2008—2012年南方稻区国家水稻品种区试数据,运用相关分析、通径分析和主成分分析方法,分析了长江中下游地区中籼杂交水稻5年220个参试品种的农艺性状与产量形成的关系,结果表明,有效穗数、每穗总粒数与结实率对产量显著正相关,其中对产量贡献最大的是结实率,千粒重与产量极显著负相关。在长江中下游杂交稻育种过程中,应以每穗总粒数和结实率为中心兼顾有效穗数和千粒重,协调优化产量构成因素的关系,建立良好的群体结构,发挥中籼品种产量的潜力。综合各种分析及结合长江中下游杂交中籼的9t/hm²以上的的高产组合,得出其产量结构是：有效穗数达到255万/hm²左右,株高在122cm以下,每穗总粒数达到180~200粒,结实率80%以上,千粒重27g左右。     

过滤后黄河水对滴灌系统的影响

为探明黄河水经孔径为0.05 mm(300目)过滤器过滤后进行滴灌的可能性,模拟大田滴灌研究了黄河水滴灌条件下4种滴灌带(Nf0.72,Nf1.60,Nf2.20,Dy1.38)不同位置流量变化规律,滴灌系统平均相对流量Q_r与流量变异系数C_v、系统均匀度C_u变化规律及相关关系.结果表明:黄河水对滴头的堵塞早期呈快速发育状态,不同类型引黄滴灌系统平均相对流量随灌水次数的增加呈平缓下降—快速下降—平缓下降的规律,均在相对流量75%附近快速下降;滴头流量变异系数在系统运行初期线性增大,之后平缓变化,且与系统平均相对流量具有很好的线性关系(p<0.001);当系统平均相对流量Q_r大于75%时,滴灌系统克里斯琴森均匀度系数C_u与Ln Q_r呈线性关系(R²=0.790 9),因此,引黄滴灌系统可通过系统平均相对流量Q_r来判断系统均匀度C_u,以方便及时快速了解系统堵塞状况,以便对其运行管理进行决策.