刈割频次对高寒草甸群落特征和初级生产力的影响

在甘南州玛曲县典型高寒草甸区,对不同刈割频次下草地初级生产力基本特征的变化进行研究。结果表明:莎草科和禾本科的物种对多次刈割的耐受性较高,而杂类草较为敏感,部分物种甚至会在高频次刈割下消失,毒害草则会在多次刈割的干扰下得到促进。在生长季内,对草地实施2~3次刈割利用,不仅不会对物种多样性造成不利影响,反而有利于物种多样性的提高;相反,若仅于生长季后期(9月中旬)刈割1次或刈割次数超过4次,则可对物种多样性产生明显的负面影响。就地上生物量而言,最佳刈割频次为2次(7月15日和9月15日)和3次(6月15日、7月30日和9月15日);就粗蛋白产量而言,最佳刈割频次为3次,且显著高于刈割2次的处理。采用在牧草产量峰值期1次性测产的方法核定草地载畜量,必须考虑在实际利用方式下所产生的草地超补偿效应,并以相应的差异率对牧草产量进行校正。     

夏秋品种两广二号引进试验初报

石泉县蚕种场2011年春季引进两广二号与秋丰×白玉这两对品种的原种进行试繁,夏季对生产的一代杂交种进行对比试验。试验表明:两广二号繁育系高,体质强健好养,单位质量桑叶的产茧量及产值高,丝质优,可作为陕南蚕区夏秋用家蚕品种的更新换代品种。     

应用鸡胚接种试验研究中草药的抗新城疫病毒作用

为了筛选出高效的抗新城疫病毒(Newcastle disease virus,NDV)中草药,采用鸡胚接种试验测定了常用清热解毒中草药的体外抗NDV作用.结果表明矮地茶、侧柏叶、贯众、诃子、虎杖、白蔹、夏枯草、黄连对新城疫病毒具有较好的杀灭作用.     

EM发酵玉米秸秆和青贮玉米秸秆对奶牛生产性能的对比试验

本试验应用EM发酵玉米秸秆和青贮玉米秸秆饲喂奶牛,以观察两种方法处理的玉米秸秆对奶牛生产性能及经济效益的影响效果。结果表明,用EM发酵的玉米秸秆饲喂奶牛较青贮玉米秸秆饲喂奶牛,每天每头奶牛采食量提高1.03%,平均产奶量提高2.02%,经济效益提高0.13元;EM原液发酵的玉米秸秆和青贮玉米秸秆1∶1混合饲喂奶牛,每天每头奶牛采食量、平均产奶量、经济效益分别比饲喂青贮玉米秸秆的奶牛提高2.85%、2.99%和1.15元。     

基于AHP-CRITIC法的正交设计优选贞芪颗粒提取工艺及促生长作用初步研究

（目的）开发一种具有促生长作用的新中兽药贞芪颗粒,优化其提取工艺并对其促生猪生长作用进行初步研究,为其工业化生产提供参考。（方法）以总多糖、黄芪甲苷、毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷、特女贞苷、红景天苷、干膏得率作为评价指标,采用层次分析法（AHP）、基于指标相关性的权重确定方法（CRITIC）、AHP-CRITIC混合加权法确定各评价指标的权重系数,根据其正交试验结果优化贞芪颗粒提取工艺参数。将100头保育猪随机分为5组,通过在日粮中添加不同剂量的颗粒,连续喂养30天,与空白组和阳性对照组对比,计算平均日增重（ADG）、平均日采食量（ADFI）和料肉比（F: G）。（结果）AHP-CRITIC混合加权法科学优选出最佳提取工艺参数为复方药材加12-13倍质量的水提取3次（第一次13倍）,每次2.5 h。3批验证试验综合评分均值为98.91,RSD为0.79%。经过30天饲喂,高、中、低剂量组和阳性对照组的料重比无显著性差异（P>0.05）,但都显著低于空白对照组（P<0.05）,其中中剂量组的料重比最低。（结论）AHP-CRITIC混合加权法确定的权重系数客观、真实,优选出的贞芪颗粒提取工艺经验证,合理、稳定,重复性好,此工艺条件下制备的颗粒对生猪具有促进生长的作用。     

A comparative analysis of acceptance by Japanese females and price of goat milk from different sources

A sensory survey was carried out using 4 different types of whole goat milk among middle‐class females to investigate consumer acceptability of goat milk and whether there is an opportunity to expand the sale of goat milk products in Japan. Four different types of whole milk powder (domestic concentrate‐fed, domestic pasture‐fed, USA commercially canned, and New Zealand commercially canned) were used. Fresh cow milk was served as a control. Thirty‐one housewives evaluated the 5 liquid milk samples for smell, taste and overall characteristics on a scale of 1 (low) to 3 (high). Chi‐square analyses were carried out to detect significant differences between the milk types in each category. The goat milk from the USA was the most preferred goat milk with respect to smell and overall evaluation. Domestic pasture‐fed milk received the lowest grade in the evaluation for its ‘grassy and goaty’ smell. This result shows us that pasture intake affects the taste and smell of powdered milk which gives the lowest evaluation by the participants. If Japanese goat milk producers want to be successful in the domestic goat milk market and compete against goat milk products from other countries, they should improve production methods and flavor of their products.     

鸡骨型白血病免疫琼扩与放射摄片诊断的比较

为了探索特异性免疫学诊断方法对鸡骨型白血病(OP)的检测效果。用双盲法分批采样同时进行羽髓琼脂扩散试验和胫骨X线摄片检查对比,共检834只鸡(433羽属天然自发OP鸡群,401羽属人工诱发实验鸡群)。结果羽髓琼扩试验的OP阳性检出率为3．48％(29／834：)。阳性病理符合率为75．86％(22／29)。阳性误诊(假阳性)率24．13％(7／29),阴性误诊(假阴性)率36．15％(291／805)。而X线摄片检查的OP阳性检出率为38．37％(320／834)。X线阳性完全可获病理组织学证实,不存在假阳性或假阴性。把禽白血病羽髓琼扩试验试用于检测鸡骨型白血病尚属初次报道,其阳性检出率低而误诊率高,尚不宜作OP检测手段。放射摄片诊断的阳性检出率高而误诊率低,可快速诊断,故适用于OP检疫。     

Cortisol Concentrations in Well‐Regulated Dogs with Hyperadrenocorticism Treated with Trilostane

Background

There are no clear treatment guidelines for dogs with clinically well‐regulated hyperadrenocorticism in which serum cortisol concentrations before and after an ACTH stimulation test performed 3–6 hours after trilostane administration are < 2.0 μg/dL.

Objective

To determine if serum cortisol concentrations measured before (Pre1) and after (Post1) ACTH stimulation at 3–6 hours after trilostane administration are significantly lower than cortisol concentrations measured before (Pre2) and after (Post2) ACTH stimulation 9–12 hours after trilostane administration, in a specific population of dogs with clinically well‐regulated hyperadrenocorticism and Pre1 and Post1 <2 μg/dL.

Animals

Thirteen client‐owned dogs with clinically well‐regulated hyperadrenocorticism and Pre1 and Post1 serum cortisol concentrations <2.0 μg/dL 3–6 hours after trilostane administration.

Methods

Prospective study. Dogs had a second ACTH stimulation test performed 9–12 hours after trilostane administration, on the same day of the first ACTH stimulation test. Cortisol concentrations before and after ACTH stimulation were compared using a paired t‐test.

Results

Cortisol concentrations before (1.4 ± 0.3 μg/dL) and after the first stimulation (1.5 ± 0.3 μg/dL, mean ± SD) were significantly lower than cortisol concentration before the second stimulation (3.3 ± 1.6 μg/dL, P = .0012 each). Cortisol concentration before the first stimulation was also significantly lower than cortisol concentration after the second stimulation (5.3 ± 2.4 μg/dL, P = .0001).

Conclusions and clinical importance

In dogs with clinically well‐regulated, trilostane‐treated, hyperadrenocorticism, and cortisol concentrations <2 μg/dL before and after the first stimulation, a second ACTH stimulation test performed 9–12 hours after treatment can result in higher cortisol concentrations that could support continued trilostane treatment.     

Correlation between corneal sensitivity and quantity of reflex tearing in cows,horses, goats,sheep, dogs,cats, rabbits,and guinea pigs

Objective Guinea pigs have a very low threshold of corneal sensitivity and at the same time nearly no reflex tearing compared to dogs, cats, and horses. The question arose whether there is a general correlation between corneal sensitivity and the quantity of reflex tearing. Animals studied Totally 160 animals of 8 different species (20 animals per species) were investigated. Procedures The corneal touch threshold (CTT) was measured with a Cochet–Bonnet esthesiometer. The palpebral fissure length (PFL) was measured with a calliper ruler. The Schirmer tear test (STT) was modified by adapting the width of the STT strip to the PFL of every species. For the STT II, 0.4% oxybuprocaine was applied. Results Corneal touch threshold: Cows (1.67 g/mm²), horses (1.23 g/mm²), sheep (1.13 g/mm²), goats (1.44 g/mm²), dogs (2.16 g/mm²), and cats (1.33 g/mm²) show similar CTT values. In contrast, rabbits (6.21 g/mm²) and guinea pigs (7.75 g/mm²) show a significantly lower CTT. Tear Production Difference STT I ? STT II: Rabbits have the greatest decline in tear production with 38.4%, followed by sheep (33.3%), dogs (31.1%), cats (24.7%), cows (23.7%), horses (18.0%), and goats (14.0%). Guinea pigs have no decline, but a slight increase of ?16.0%. Correlation CTT and STT II ? STT I Difference: Pearson’s correlation coefficient shows a small, but significant correlation. The coefficient of determination can only forecast a value with 7.1% certainty. Conclusions The high variance and low reproducibility of results suggest that the measuring devices are inappropriate to assess the evaluated parameters. Therefore, no assured correlation between the corneal sensitivity and the quantity of reflex tearing could be found.     

苜蓿种带真菌及其致病性测定

对来自我国新疆,内蒙古,吉林,陕西,甘肃,宁夏,山东,黑龙江,山西,河北和江苏等１１个省（自治区）苜蓿产区的３０个审定登记品种的３８个苜蓿种子样品进行了系统的种带真菌检测研究;测定了２１种２５个真菌分离物对苜蓿幼苗根组织的入侵性及１９种真菌对苜蓿种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。