水杨酸和脱落酸浸种对低温下扁蓿豆种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

为筛选出提高低温下扁蓿豆（Medicago ruthenica）种子发芽能力的处理措施,本研究选取水杨酸（salicylic acid,SA）和脱落酸（abscisic acid,ABA）分别对扁蓿豆进行了7种不同浓度的浸种处理,测定了2种外源物质对低温下扁蓿豆种子发芽势﹑发芽率﹑发芽指数﹑活力指数、根长和芽长的影响。结果表明,2种外源物质浸种处理下扁蓿豆种子的发芽势﹑发芽率﹑发芽指数﹑活力指数,根长和芽长均呈先升高后降低的趋势,初次发芽天数无变化。供试处理中,低浓度的SA（0.1～10 μmol·L^-1）和ABA（0.001～0.5 μmol·L^-1）对扁蓿豆种子萌发﹑根长和芽长均有促进作用,且对根长和芽长的促进效果较种子萌发好,高浓度的SA（>20 μmol·L^-1）和ABA（>1 μmol·L^-1）显著抑制了种子萌发及根和芽的伸长（P<0.05）。通过模糊数学隶属函数的综合评价,0.05 μmol·L^-1的ABA浸种处理是低温下促进扁蓿豆种子萌发和幼苗生长的最佳浓度。     

栗蚕卵发育起点温度和有效积温的测定

栗蚕(Dictypoea japonica)是珍贵的野生泌丝昆虫资源。对解除滞育的栗蚕卵分别通过15、18、21、24℃恒温处理暖种,测定栗蚕卵的发育起点温度为(10.2±0.6)℃、孵化有效积温为(181.7±11.6)℃.d,表明一旦给予越冬后解除滞育的栗蚕卵9.6℃以上的温度条件,就可能使其开始发育,当有效积温达到170℃.d时便可孵化。该结果可作为栗蚕卵的人工越冬保护及暖种技术处理的理论依据之一。     

晚秋温度对苜蓿地上部游离脯氨酸、可溶性糖和POD活性的影响

通过对9个不同苜蓿Medicago sativa品种地上部游离脯氨酸、可溶性糖和POD活性的研究,揭示晚秋温度变化对上述指标变化的影响,结果表明：9月10日-10月10日,随着温度的降低,3种不同秋眠类型的苜蓿地上部游离脯氨酸含量都呈上升趋势,其中高度秋眠类型苜蓿的变化幅度最大;不同秋眠类型苜蓿地上部可溶性糖变化趋势有所不同,低度和高度秋眠类型苜蓿变化幅度比较剧烈,说明在贮藏类营养物质方面,低度和高度秋眠类型苜蓿更为敏感,二者变化趋势恰好相反,中度秋眠类型苜蓿介于二者之间;不同秋眠类型苜蓿地上部过氧化物酶（POD）活性都经历逐步上升的趋势,中度和高度秋眠类型苜蓿POD活性变幅相对于低度秋眠类型大,说明中度和高度秋眠类型苜蓿地上部对于气温的变化更敏感。     

Effect of storage duration on egg quality,embryo mortality and hatchability in FUNAAB-ɑ chickens

Effect of extended storage on egg quality, embryo mortality and hatchability in FUNAAB-ɑ chickens was determined. Hatchable eggs (n = 288; weighing 53.2 ± 4.67 g) collected from a flock of FUNAAB-ɑ layer breeder hens aged 32 weeks were stored in egg tray with broad end up under 16 ± 1.5°C for either 0, 4, 8, 12, 16 or 20 d. Before incubation, eight eggs from each group were evaluated for internal and external quality traits. Remaining eggs were set in an incubator and transferred into hatcher on embryonic day 18. Data collected were subjected to one-way analysis of variance. Egg weight loss (EWL; p < .001), surface area (p < .001), yolk diameter (p < .001), inner and outer blastoderm diameters (p < .05) and dead in germ (DIG; p < .001) increased with storage duration while yolk height (p < .001), yolk index (p < .001), albumen weight (p < .05), albumen height (p < .05), albumen index (p < .01), Haugh's unit (HU; p < .05), fertility (p < .001), hatchability of set (HATCHS; p < .001) and fertile eggs (p < .05) decreased. Weight losses of 0, 1.2, 2.2, 3.4, 4.6 and 6.1% were recorded in egg stored for 0, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 days respectively. Eggs stored beyond 8 days exhibited higher DIG and lower HATCHS. Shell percentage in 4 days storage (11.4%) was lower (p < .05) than in 16 days storage (13.4%). Shell thickness was similar in eggs stored for 0 to 12 days, but 8 days storage (0.60 mm) had thinner (p < .01) shell than day 16 (0.71 mm) and day 20 (0.73 mm) storage. Internal quality unit (IQU) was higher (p < .05) in fresh eggs (180.4) than in 12 days (167.8) and 20 days (167.8) stored eggs. Extended storage of FUNAAB-ɑ eggs caused EWL, surface area shrinkage, lowered HU and IQU, loss of yolk and albumen quality, increased blastoderm diameters and DIG, and decreased egg fertility and HATCHS from day 8 forward. Storing FUNAAB-ɑ eggs beyond 8 days reduced quality parameters; therefore, other mitigating factors are recommended when storing beyond 8 days.     

胚胎期高温处理对家蚕生长发育及部分经济性状的影响

用 3 4℃、RH80 %的环境处理 2 0余个家蚕品种的己 + 2 期胚胎 ,结果表明 :高温处理对某些品种的幼虫经过、幼虫体重、全茧量、茧层量等有明显影响 ,对健康性、茧层率无明显影响 ,对丝质无实质影响 ;高温处理对家蚕生长发育和经济性状的影响纯种间存在差异 ,杂交种受影响比纯种小。因此认为 ,高温处理对家蚕生长发育、经济性状的影响不会成为伴性温敏基因和雄蚕品种利用的限制因素 ,部分不良影响可以通过常规育种手段加以解决     

低温与克伦特罗（CL）对肉仔鸡生产性能的影响

试验采用２×３（温度：１０ｖｓ２２℃，ＣＬ：３ｖｓ０１０＾－６）４重复完全交叉分组试验设计研究低温与克伦特罗对２９￣５６日龄ＡＡ雌性肉仔鸡生产性能的影响。结果表明；低温显著降低肉仔鸡生产性能，全期平均日采食量和耗料增重比分别增加５．９４％和９．０９％（Ｐ〈０．０１），平均日增重降低了２．９４％（Ｐ〈０．０５），且平均日增重还表现出对低温的适应。ＣＬ对试验全期肉仔鸡生产性能没有影响（Ｐ〉０．０５），     

持续冷热环境对肉鸡生产性能、糖代谢和解偶联蛋白mRNA表达的影响

本试验研究了不同环境温度(10~30℃)持续14 d对肉鸡生产性能、糖代谢和禽类解偶联蛋白(av UCP)mRNA表达的影响。试验选取21日龄爱拔益加(AA)肉鸡288只,随机分到6个人工环境控制舱中,每个舱饲养6笼,每笼8只鸡作为1个重复。预试期7 d,温度22℃,相对湿度60%。28日龄时将各环境控制舱温度分别逐渐(1 h内)调到10、14、18、22、26和30℃,相对湿度60%,温湿度均保持恒定直至试验结束。正试期14 d。结果表明:1)试验期内,30℃组的体重(BW)显著低于14~26℃组(P<0.05);22~30℃组平均日采食量(ADFI)随温度升高而显著下降(P<0.05);10~30℃组平均日增重(ADG)随温度升高出现先升高后下降的趋势,在22℃时最高;料重比(F/G)随温度升高呈现先下降后升高的趋势,22℃时最低;平均日饮水量(ADWC)在10℃组最低。2)试验第14天,26℃组血糖水平显著低于18℃组(P<0.05);肝糖原水平在各组之间差异不显著(P>0.05);22℃组肌糖原水平显著低于10、26和30℃组(P<0.05)。3)试验第14天,18、22℃组av UCP mRNA相对表达量显著高于其他组(P<0.05)。结果提示:在本试验条件下,从生产性能和能量利用效率考虑,28~42日龄AA肉鸡的适宜养殖温度为22~26℃。     

生态文明建设的科学内涵与基本路径

目的研究糖芥萌芽期及苗期耐盐特性。方法以不同的温度(15、20、25和30 ℃)测定糖芥种子的最适发芽温度,并在此温度条件下,以不同质量浓度的氯化钠(NaCl)、碳酸钠(Na₂CO₃)及混合盐(NaCl+Na₂CO₃)溶液[0 (CK)、1、2、3、4、5和6 g/L]模拟盐胁迫环境,测定其萌芽期的发芽指标及苗期的部分形态和生理指标,借助回归方程评价其耐盐性强弱。结果(1) 糖芥种子的最适发芽温度为20 ℃,发芽率为86.67%。(2) 最适发芽温度条件下,随着盐质量浓度的增加,NaCl胁迫下糖芥种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数及幼苗的鲜质量、干质量呈先升后降的趋势,根长、茎长、总长和含水量呈下降趋势;混合盐胁迫下的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数和幼苗的根长、茎长、总长整体呈下降趋势,鲜质量、干质量和含水量总体呈先升后降的趋势;Na₂CO₃胁迫下的所有测定指标均呈下降趋势。3种盐处理的种子复水后均有复萌现象。(3)由回归方程可知：混合盐胁迫下糖芥萌芽期及苗期的临界质量浓度最高,分别为7.26和5.48 g/L,NaCl次之,Na₂CO₃最低。结论糖芥萌芽期及苗期对混合盐环境具有较强的适应性,可作为耐盐观赏花卉加以开发利用。     

Settlement behavior of American lobster (Homarus americanus): effect of female origin and developmental temperature

The benthic settlement success of American lobster (Homarus americanus) postlarvae is a key factor in population dynamics, with the temperature being a key factor. Given the spatial distribution of the species, its pelagic larvae probably encounter various thermal zones during development. Little information is available on the ability of lobster larvae to acclimate to temperature or if this ability varies among geographic areas. The main objectives of this study were to characterize (i) the settlement behavior of the postlarvae in relation to (a) temperature during larval development and (b) the geographic origin of the maternal parent and (ii) the behavioral response of postlarvae with different thermal histories in the presence/absence of a thermocline. Results did not support the hypothesis of thermal adaptation among local populations, as settlement behavior of postlarvae did not differ among females from different geographic regions. In contrast, larval survival and settlement behavior and postlarval energetic conditions varied with development temperature. Behavioral plasticity in the benthic settlement was observed in relation to temperature structure of the experimental water column. This study suggests that there may be links between development temperature and the natural variability in survival and settlement of American lobsters. Findings emphasize the need for an integrated approach in lobster recruitment studies with the inclusion of behavior in dispersion models.     

四川省草地贪夜蛾世代区划

为明确草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda在四川省不同地区的发生世代,本文根据四川省2019年、2020年草地贪夜蛾虫情及2010年-2019年近10年气温数据,利用有效积温法则对四川省草地贪夜蛾发生世代数进行预测,并运用ArcGIS进行Kriging插值分析,获得四川省草地贪夜蛾世代区划.结果表明,基...