低温与克伦特罗（CL）对肉仔鸡生产性能的影响

试验采用２×３（温度：１０ｖｓ２２℃，ＣＬ：３ｖｓ０１０＾－６）４重复完全交叉分组试验设计研究低温与克伦特罗对２９￣５６日龄ＡＡ雌性肉仔鸡生产性能的影响。结果表明；低温显著降低肉仔鸡生产性能，全期平均日采食量和耗料增重比分别增加５．９４％和９．０９％（Ｐ〈０．０１），平均日增重降低了２．９４％（Ｐ〈０．０５），且平均日增重还表现出对低温的适应。ＣＬ对试验全期肉仔鸡生产性能没有影响（Ｐ〉０．０５），     

季节放牧对典型草原植物群落不同生长季特征的影响

在内蒙古典型草原区建立放牧试验平台,研究秋季、冬季和初春放牧对草地植物返青期土壤温湿环境和植物生长以及生长旺季植物群落地上生物量及其构成的影响。结果表明:在草地返青季,秋季放牧草地表层土壤湿度相对于其他处理显著降低,而温度相对升高;土壤表层湿度与草地枯落物总量、立枯量呈显著正相关;秋季和冬季放牧显著降低草地返青期的地上生物量;秋季放牧显著降低优势植物地上生物量;而初春放牧不影响草地返青期的群落生物量。在生长旺季,初春放牧草地群落及其高大优势植物大针茅和羊草的生物量显著增加,而其下层的糙隐子草和杂类草生物量显著减少。     

无糖奶啤的研制

奶啤是以鲜牛乳、麦芽、酒花为主要原料,利用二次生物发酵技术酿制的一种高附加值,低醇的高级乳制饮品。目前国内奶啤蔗糖含量高,市场上还没有无糖奶啤的产品,为了丰富奶啤的种类,本试验用木糖醇作为蔗糖替代品,研制出一款无糖的特色奶啤。在单因素试验基础上,利用响应面优化无糖奶啤的配方及工艺。结果表明,小麦料液比为1∶5（kg/L）,将麦芽料液进行糖化、过滤,投入0.2 g/L卡斯卡特啤酒花煮沸30 min,添加0.2 g/L捷克萨兹啤酒花煮沸45 min后,接入0.2%的艾尔酵母,20 ℃的条件下发酵5 天,然后与发酵乳（5∶1）混合,在28 ℃下后酵10 h后过滤,加入1‰的三氯蔗糖、5%木糖醇、0.3%复配乳化增稠剂,20 Mpa均质两次,灭菌后得到成品。在此工艺条件下,得到的无糖奶啤感官评分较高,酒香和乳香和谐一体,风味饱满。     

温度及盐胁迫对7个野生观赏草种子萌发特性的影响

以甘肃地区采集的7个野生观赏草种子为试验材料,设6个恒温及7个不同浓度NaCl溶液处理,研究了温度及盐胁迫对其种子萌发特性的影响,以期为野生观赏草引种驯化和繁殖提供依据。结果表明:10~35℃恒温范围内,7个材料种子最适发芽温度为发草(天祝)、发草(渭源)和芨芨草(武威)为25℃,狼尾草(宁县)、芨芨草(兰州)和书带苔草(渭源)为20~25℃,云雾苔草(渭源)为20~30℃。NaCl溶液浓度在0~1.1%内,7个野生观赏草种子萌发的发芽率、发芽指数、发芽势、胚芽和根长、鲜苗重均随NaCl浓度的增加而下降。在0.7%NaCl重度胁迫下,7个野生观赏草种子的发芽率、发芽指数、发芽势、胚芽和根长、鲜苗重6个指标显著低于对照(P0.05)。NaCl溶液浓度为0.9%时除狼尾草(宁县)和发草(天祝)种子可以萌发外,其余材料种子未萌发。用发芽率、发芽指数、胚芽和胚根长、幼苗鲜重6个指标的相对值作为7个野生观赏草种子萌发期耐盐性综合评价值,7个野生观赏草种子萌发期耐盐性强弱依次为:狼尾草(宁县)发草(渭源)发草(天祝)芨芨草(武威)芨芨草(兰州)书带苔草(渭源)云雾苔草(渭源)。     

高羊茅种质光合及叶绿素荧光参数对高温胁迫的响应

以21个高羊茅(Festuca arundinacea)种质为试材,在室内模拟35℃和45℃高温胁迫,测定了各高羊茅种质光合和叶绿素荧光参数,探讨高羊茅对高温胁迫的光合适应机制,并利用隶属函数法综合评价种质间耐热性强弱。研究结果表明,高温胁迫对光合参数和叶绿素荧光参数的影响非常显著(P< 0.05)。随着高温胁迫强度的增加,各高羊茅种质的净光合速率(P_n)、蒸腾速率(T_r)、最大光化学效率(F_v/F_m)、实际光量子产量(Yield)和光化学猝灭系数(qP)等参数均呈下降趋势;而叶片非光化学荧光猝灭系数(NPQ)则呈现先升高后降低的变化趋势。利用隶属函数法综合3个温度梯度下21个高羊茅种质的综合耐热D值,可以推测出各种质耐热性顺序为:Ⅲ-17> Ⅲ-3> Ⅱ-11> Ⅰ-17> Ⅰ-7> Ⅰ-4> Ⅳ-3> Ⅳ-2> 水城> Ⅱ-13> Ⅱ-10> Ⅰ-12> Ⅳ-1> Ⅳ-5> Ⅱ-3> 黔草1号> Ⅲ-8> Ⅲ-11> Ⅳ-4> Ⅰ-20> Ⅱ-15。     

不同添加剂及贮藏温度对发酵全混合日粮品质和真菌数量的影响

本试验旨在探究添加剂及贮藏温度对发酵全混合日粮（Fermented Total Mixed Rations,FTMR）的影响,为FTMR在生产实践中的应用提供科学依据。试验设置了布氏乳杆菌（Lactobacillus buchneri,LB）、没食子酸（Gallic acid,GA）、果胶酶（Pectinase,PE）,共3个添加剂和对照组（CK）,4个不同的贮藏温度（10℃、20℃、30℃和40℃）,发酵7 d后取样。结果表明,随着贮藏温度的升高,各处理的pH值均显著降低,CK、LB和GA处理组的pH值于30℃达到最低,PE处理组于40℃达到最低（P<0.05）;随着贮藏温度的升高,各处理组中乙酸和丙酸的含量均显著升高（P<0.05）,其中乙酸的含量于30℃时达到最高,丙酸的含量于40℃时达到最高;添加PE后,FTMR的pH值在10℃、30℃和40℃下均显著低于其他处理组（P<0.05）。综上,贮藏温度为30℃和40℃时FTMR的发酵品质较好,当贮藏温度为10℃、30℃和40℃时添加果胶酶可以提高FTMR的发酵品质。     

Resting metabolic rates increase with elevation in a mountain‐dwelling lizard

Individuals that inhabit broad elevational ranges may experience unique environmental challenges. Because temperature decreases with increased elevation, the ectotherms living at high elevations have to manage limited activity time and high thermoregulatory effort. The resting metabolic rate (RMR) of a postabsorptive animal is related to its total energy requirements as well as many other fitness traits. Mesquite lizards (Sceloporus grammicus) living on La Malinche Volcano, Mexico, inhabit a wide elevational range with some populations apparently thriving above the tree line. We measured the RMR of lizards from different elevations (i.e., 2,600, 3,200, and 4,100 m) at four ecologically relevant temperatures (i.e., 15, 25, 30, and 35 °C) and found that RMR of mesquite lizards increased with temperature and body mass. More importantly, lizards from the high‐elevation population had mass specific RMR that was higher at all temperatures. While the higher RMRs of high‐elevation populations imply higher metabolic costs at a given temperature these lizards were also smaller. Both of these traits may allow these high elevation populations to thrive in the face of the thermal challenges imposed by their environment.     

塔罗科血橙低温贮藏试验初步研究

采用11种物理和化学的保鲜处理方法对塔罗科血橙进行低温贮藏试验,结果表明: 采用化学保鲜方法的效果好于物理方法,其中保鲜效果最好的是：250mg/L抑霉唑浸泡塔罗科血橙果实1分钟,在8℃～10℃条件下贮藏60天,其烂果率为5.3%,对青霉病、绿霉病的防治效果达到100%。     

高温胁迫下银杏离体枝条叶片的叶绿素荧光特性

银杏是一种重要经济树种,随着全球气温升高,高温适应性问题已经影响了其在低纬度区域的栽培。为了探明高温胁迫对银杏叶片光合过程的影响,本研究中离体银杏枝条被置于不同温度（25 ℃、30 ℃、35 ℃、40 ℃、45 ℃）下处理,随即对其叶绿素荧光参数进行监测。 结果显示：40 ℃以上高温胁迫下,银杏叶片的光系统II（PSⅡ）潜在光化学效率（Fv/Fo）、最大光化学效率（Fv/Fm）显著下降;最大荧光（Fm）、最大相对电子传递速率（rETRmax）、PSⅡ实际光化学效率（Yield）、光化学淬灭系数（qP）均显著下降;而初始荧光（Fo）和非光化学淬灭系数（NPQ）在40℃以上高温胁迫下显著上升。本研究表明,银杏离体枝条叶片光合作用对温度变化较敏感,推测高温可能伤害了光合机构,从而对光能的吸收、转换与光合电子传递都有显著的影响。银杏离体枝条叶片的叶绿素荧光动力学参数对高温的敏感性,可能有助于快速筛选和培育耐高温的银杏品种。     

Effects of Selenium Yeast on Growth Performance and Some Blood Biochemical Indexes in Laying Ducks of Rearing Period in Cages under High Ambient Temperature

The study was conducted to determine the effects of different levels of selenium yeast(SeY, added as selenium content) on growth performance and some biochemical indexes in Jinding laying ducks under high temperature (29-35℃). 144 Jinding laying ducks of rearing period (10-16 weeks old) were divided into 4 groups, control group, experimental groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ, supplemented with 0, 0.15, 0.45 and 0.75 mg/kg Se, respectively. The results showed that compared with the control group, the addition of SeY to the diets could significantly increase the average daily feed intakes (ADFI) of ducks at 14-16 weeks old (P<0.05); The body weights of ducks in group Ⅰ at 13-15 weeks old were significant higher than that in the control group (P<0.05),and the body weight at 16 weeks old was higher than the other three groups significantly (P<0.05),there was no significant difference between the body weight and standard body weight at 16 weeks old in group Ⅰ(P>0.05), but the body weights of other three groups were extremely significantly lower than the standard weight (P<0.01); There was no significant difference among the four groups for feed to gain ratios (F/G), while the group Ⅰ was the lowest; AST activities of group Ⅰ were significantly lower than group Ⅱ(P<0.05), LDH activities of groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were lower than the control group significantly (P<0.05), and LDH activities of groupⅠ were lower than groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ significantly (P<0.05). TCH concentrations of groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ were higher than group Ⅲ significantly (P<0.05). It is concluded that the addition of 0.15 mg/kg of Se (added as SeY) could obviously improve the growth performance of the laying ducks in reared cages, protect the function of liver, promote the TCH concentrations of duck serum.