区域农用GNSS基准站云端管理方法与系统研究

针对区域农用卫星导航定位基准站规模化应用中存在无效冗余、频率干扰和基准不统一问题,提出基于云端管理构架实现区域基准站管理与信息共享的初步解决方案。选择石河子市作为研究区,获得3个企业总计84个固定基准站的备案数据,计算任意2个基准站的站间距ΔD和频率差ΔF形成数据集E。在此基础上,利用GIS空间分析和数值统计方法,分析基准站无效冗余和同近频干扰,开展基准站坐标平差与精度验证,开发基准站管理服务系统原型。研究表明,由于缺乏技术和管理协调,区域农用GNSS基准站无效冗余、频率干扰和频率浪费难以避免,所统计的84个基准站占用了26.7 MHz频带,使用了47个频点,其中30个基准站使用单独频点,站间距40 km以内时多达18对基准站频率相同,29对基准站频率相近(ΔF≤25 k Hz)。石河子东北18个基准站,平均冗余率达263.2%,中心区冗余率更高。固定基准站通过坐标平差可以提高站址精度,有利于发挥基准站冗余的有效性和提高差分信号接入的可靠性,3个验证点的经度坐标差最大为0.011 m,纬度坐标差最大为0.023 m,精度分别达到毫米级和厘米级。管理服务系统原型和手机端APP原型的初步测试表明,系统可以实现基准站备案、建站辅助、基准站查询和频率推荐等功能,可以提高基准站管理效率和减少干扰现象。     

中耕追肥起垄机的设计

中耕追肥作业是农业耕作中的重要环节之一。针对我国北方旱作地区的自然与农业生产条件,设计一种中耕追肥起垄机。介绍该机的总体结构与主要部件的设计方案,阐述该机的主要作业功能与性能特点,说明该机的使用与调整方法,为该机的推广应用提供技术参考。     

黄土旱塬施肥和集雨补灌的效应研究

试验结果表明,在肥料用量和补供水量均相同的情况下,膜侧谷子、地膜玉米的增产量大于膜侧冬小麦的增产效果;果树的增产效果大于粮食作物的增产效果。据此认为,适当压缩粮田面积,扩大果树面积,在粮食作物中压缩冬小麦播种面积,扩大谷子播种面积,是农田增效、农民增收的有效途径。     

The drought response of landraces of wheat from the northern Negev Desert in Israel

Summary Diverse landraces of wheat, collected from the semi-arid (150 to 250 mm of total annual rainfall) Northern Negev desert in Israel were considered as a potential genetic resource of drought resistance for wheat breeding. These materials were therefore evaluated for their reponses to drought stress in agronomical and physiological terms. Up to 68 landraces, comprising of Triticum durum, T. aestivum, and T. compactum were tested in two field drought environments, in one favourable field environment, under post-anthesis chemical plant desiccation which revealed the capacity for grain filling from mobilized stem reserves, under a controlled drought stress in a rainout shelter and in the growth chamber under polyethylene glycol (PEG)-induced water stress. Biomass, grain yield and its components, harvest index, plant phenology, canopy temperatures, kernel weight loss by chemical plant desiccation, growth reduction by PEG-induced drought stress and osmotic adjustment were evaluated in the various experiments.Landraces varied significantly for all parameters of drought response as measured in the different experiments, which was in accordance to their documented large morphological diversity. Variation in grain yield among landraces under an increasing drought stress after tillering was largely affected by spike number per unit area. Kernel weight contributed very little to yield variation among landraces under stress, probably because these tall (average of 131 cm) landraces generally excelled in their capacity to support kernel growth by stem reserve mobilization under stress. Yield under stress was reduced with a longer growth duration of landraces only under early planting but not under late planting. Landraces were generally late flowering but they were still considered well adapted phenologically to their native region where they were always planted late.Landraces differed significantly in canopy temperature under drought stress. Canopy temperature under stress in the rainout shelter was negatively correlated across landraces with grain yield (r=0.67^**) and biomass (r=0.64^**) under stress. Canopy temperature under stress in the rainout shelter was also positively correlated across landraces (r=0.50^**) with canopy temperature in one stress field environment. Osmotic adjustment in PEG-stressed plants was negatively correlated (r=–0.60^**) with percent growth reduction by PEG-induced water stress. It was not correlated with yield under stress in any of the experiments. In terms of yield under stress, canopy temperatures and stem reserve utilization for grain filling, the most drought resistant landrace was the Juljuli population of T.durum.     

电动汽车用永磁同步电机电流控制研究与仿真

对电动汽车用永磁同步电机基速以下采用最大转矩／电流控制策略，高速采用最大功率弱磁控制策略进行研究，并通过Matlab／Simulink对最大转矩／电流控制方式和最大功率弱磁以及电动汽车部分运行状态加以仿真。     

生计资本视角下农户土地承包权调整方式认可度研究

农户是土地承包权调整方式的“践行者”,也是调整效果的“检验者”,探究其认可度对相关政策的制定与可持续发展实施至关重要。基于江西省510份农户的调查数据,从生计资本视角运用Ordered Logit模型,就农户土地承包权调整方式认可度及影响因素展开研究分析。研究发现：（1）样本农户生计资本总值与各项生计资本指数都较低,五大生计资本指数存在显著差异性,其中生计资本指数最高、自然资本指数最低。（2）人力资本中,文化程度、是否有非农技能和家人健康状况都呈显著影响;自然资本中,承包地面积呈显著正向影响;物质资本中,货车数量呈显著负向影响;金融资本中,家庭年收入和贷款难度都呈显著影响;社会资本中,是否有村干部和是否经常参加村会议都呈显著影响。在此结果基础上,提出了要发挥政府主导作用,加大相关宣传,也要因地制宜,在稳定的承包关系下,根据村庄实际情况选择土地承包权调整方式的政策建议。     

RWCK-I型日光温室温度自动控制器

为实现日光温室大棚温度自动调节与控制,研制了RWCK-I型日光温室温度自动控制器,阐述了设计该控制器所依据的基本原理以及系统的主要特点,介绍了温控系统的主要组成部分和工作过程.     

甘肃省农业和农村经济结构调整的思考

在对甘肃农村实际调研的基础上,对当前甘肃省农业和农村经济结构调整中存在的主要问题进行了分析,认为由于多种因素的存在,农业内部结构调整对农民增收的作用是有限的,因此强调甘肃省今后农业和农村经济结构调整的突破口在农村二、三产业的发展上,以农业产业化和企业化带动农村第二产业,以城镇化推动农村第三产业,从而促进农村一、二、三产业的协调发展,最终实现甘肃全面小康的目标。     

京西山区人工林水分参数的研究（Ⅱ）

应用ＰＶ技术研究了京西山区油松、侧柏、白皮松、栓皮栎、元宝枫、刺槐及火炬树等７个树种人工林水分参数（膨压）、ε（细胞弹性模量）及ＲＣＶ（细胞体积比）的季节变化及其相互关系，研究表明：（１）膨压与叶水势呈良好的线性关系，但参数α（保持最大膨压）和ｂ（渗透调节能力）因树种不同及季节变化有较大的差异；（２）最大体积弹性模量（ε￣（ｍａｘ））没有明显的季节变化规律，但树种之间的差异是比较明显的，其中侧柏的ε￣（ｍａｘ）值最小，白皮松的ε￣（ｍａｘ）值最大；（３）和ε随ＲＣＶ（细胞体积比）的变化因树种和季节不同而异，在与ＲＣＶ的关系中，油松和侧柏呈“直线型”，白皮松和４种阔叶树种则呈“指数型”．ε与ＲＣＶ的关系却有５种类型，即“山峰型”（如油松、侧柏、元宝枫、栓皮栋等），“Ｓ型”（如白皮松、生长初期的元宝枫）、“指数型”（如刺槐、火炬树及生长初期的栓皮栎）、“对数型”（如生长初期和落叶期的火炬树）及“直线型”（如落叶期的栓皮株和元宝枫）．这些类型是反映树木渗透调节能力大小的重要标志。     

我国土地整理权属调整的机制建设研究

简介了一些国家和地区土地整理权属调整的特点 ,探讨了权属调整机制的产权理论、契约理论、机制设计等相关理论 ,据此提出了我国土地整理权属调整运行机制的理论框架和健全我国土地整理权属调整机制的建议