东北稻米全产业链的增值模式研究——以三江平原地区为例

我国东北稻米产业链环节众多且人为分割明显,依靠供应链整合,或照搬国外粮食供应链发展模式等传统研究思路很难推动稻米产业链转型升级。本研究以三江平原水稻产业发展为例,针对稻米产业链上游生产成本高、风险大,产业链中游加工产能过剩、创新能力不足,产业链下游销售过度竞争、品牌管理混乱等问题,在深度理论分析和专家研讨的基础之上,设计出了稻米产业链不同环节、不同经济主体主导的上游基地建设、中游加工流通和下游渠道拓展的稻米全产业链增值模式,并通过新旧模式对比,验证了以成本节约和收益增加等形式实现价值再分配的合理性和可行性。最后从营造行业环境、调优组织结构、创新服务模式等方面给出相应的政策建议,为我国东北稻米产业的发展提供了可参考的一般范式。     

园地主要经济作物氮磷钾与PH相关性研究

为了解古田县果园作物土壤氮、磷、钾养分状况,探讨了果园土壤氮、磷、钾含量与土壤pH值之间的关系。结果表明,古田县园地土壤pH的平均值为5.07,处于酸性水平;全氮的含量均值为1.20g/kg,总体处于中等水平;供试园地土壤碱解氮均值为143.4mg/kg,处于中等水平;供试土壤有效磷均值为29.90mg/kg,处于丰富水平;速效钾含量均值为59.2mg/kg,处于严重缺乏水平。土壤中的氮、磷、钾养分状况与土壤中的pH值呈显著或极显著正相关。因此,改良土壤酸度是供试果园土壤改善氮、磷、钾养分供应的主要措施。     

台湾农产品“希望广场”的考察与启示

为提高我国农产品流通的效率,寻求防止农产品价格大起大落现象的办法,作者于今年五月赴台北农产品＂希望广场＂进行了考察。本文介绍了＂希望广场＂的组建历史、运营模式及绩效、得到的支持及其作用机制等,归纳了对大陆农民组织和农产品流通体系的政策启示。作者认为,农产品直销市场在农产品流通中发挥着显著的作用,对提高消费者福利和增加农民收入有很大帮助,加强农产品直销市场建设刻不容缓。应该将农业市场化建立在农民组织的载体之上,充分发挥农民合作组织在农产品流通中的作用。     

分泌抗鸡Ig单抗杂交瘤细胞系的建立与单抗生物学特性的鉴定

从传染性法氏囊病病毒（ＩＢＤＶ）单克隆抗体（ＭｃＡｂ）杂交瘤细胞系１Ｄ１０、１Ｇ１中得到了３株能稳定分泌抗鸡免疫球蛋白（Ｉｇ）ＭｃＡｂ的杂交瘤细胞系１Ｂ７、１Ｄ７、３Ｇ６。其抗体类和亚类均属ＩｇＧ２ｂ，腹水的ＥＬＩＳＡ效价≥１∶２５６００，琼扩效价为１∶８～１∶１６。３株ＭｃＡｂ能与鸡血清中的Ｉｇ出现沉淀反应，琼扩在２４ｈ以内出现清晰的沉淀线，而不能和鸭、鸽、鹌鹑等禽类及异种动物血清出现沉淀线。纯化的鸡ＩｇＧ、ＩｇＭ经ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ后，分别用纯化并经辣根过氧化物酶（ＨＰＲ）标记的１Ｂ７、１Ｄ７、３Ｇ６单抗酶结合物进行免疫印迹试验证明，３株单抗识别的均为ＩｇＧ、ＩｇＭ分子的轻链     

Digestibility and nitrogen utilization in sheep fed enset (Ensete ventricosum) pseudostem or corm and graded levels of Desmodium intortum hay to wheat straw‐based diets

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different levels of Desmodium intortum (Desmodium) hay supplementation in sheep fed fixed amounts of enset pseudostem or corm and a basal diet of wheat straw on intake, digestibility and nitrogen utilization. Eighteen male sheep with a mean (± SD) live weight of 20.5 ± 1.45 kg were assigned to six treatments in a completely randomized design and fed either 108 g dry matter (DM) enset pseudostem or 165 g DM enset corm each with three levels (100, 200 and 300 g) of hay supplementation. For the pseudostem diets, there was no significant difference in total DM intake. Total crude protein (CP) intake and N retention increased with increasing levels of hay in both pseudostem and corm diets. The apparent digestibility of DM, OM, CP, acid detergent fibre and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and microbial nitrogen supply (MN) at 100 g was lower that other levels of supplementation. For the corm diets, total DM and OM intake and MN supply increased with increasing levels of hay. The digestibility decreased (p < 0.001) with increasing levels of supplementation. The results suggest that at least 300 g (395 g/kg dietary DM) of Desmodium hay is required in pseudostem diets, whereas 200 g (337 g/kg dietary DM) may be sufficient in corm diets for efficient nutrient utilization.     

变频恒压供水在农村饮水安全工程中应用的调查

恒压供水比以往的供水方式节能环保了很多,笔者对几十个村进行调查,存在未能实现二十四小时供水和老百姓因用容器储水不当而出现水质最终被污染危险的安全问题,解决方法设备、先进技术这两部分是节能和更好利用水源的关键问题.     

奶业产业链纵向价格传导的时滞效应与政策启示

奶业产业链纵向价格传导受阻,导致奶牛养殖长期处于价值链的低增值环节,甚至出现“行业萎缩”现象.本文对上游奶牛养殖成本向下游乳品加工环节价格传导机制进行理论分析,并基于2008年1-12月份奶牛饲养成本和原料奶价格的月度数据,运用有限分布滞后模型测度价格传导的滞后效应.结果 表明:饲养成本向下游传导存在显著的滞后性,饲养...     

Entropy Theory and the Choose of the Supply of the Way of Public Goods in Rural Areas

在新农村建设的框架下,农村公共产品的供给是一个巨大的系统工程,需要各方面的改革与调整.目前,在农村公共产品供给中面临着诸多困境,建立有效的公共决策配置机制,完善不合理的供给结构,调整诱致性供给和强制性供给的格局,显得尤为重要.本文从熵的角度出发,依据最小熵原理,通过自组织功能和供给系统的外界环境,以正熵流或负熵流流向供给系统,致使强制性供给制度和诱致性供给制度都不能有效地阻止系统的熵增.最有效的途径是,使强制性供给制度和诱致性供给制度充分结合,优势互补,从而逐步完善农村公共产品供给中制度混乱的局面.     

转基因油菜TOPAS 19/2质粒分子多家协同实验及不确定度评定

质粒分子是转基因产品核酸定量检测的一类新型标准物质,具有易制备、周期短、成本低等特点。采用实时荧光定量PCR技术,并协同7家实验室对转基因油菜TOPAS 19/2质粒分子进行了基因组的可替代性研究、协同实验研究及不确定度评定。T检验表明,质粒和基因组所产生的内源和外源基因标准曲线的斜率和线性相关系数没有显著性差异。对多家定值的数据进行了统计分析得出,TOPAS19/2质粒分子的量值结果0.910,扩展标准不确定度（K=2）为0.013。     

Application of polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis for comparison of direct and indirect extraction methods of soil DNA used for microbial community fingerprinting

 We used polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) to compare bacterial community patterns obtained with target DNA extracted from a soil by direct and indirect methods. For this purpose, two direct extraction methods, i.e. cell lysis by bead beating and cell disruption by grinding in liquid N, and two indirect methods, i.e. cell extraction followed by DNA extraction, and combined RNA/DNA extraction from the bacterial cell fraction, were performed. Crude extracts were purified and amplified using universal bacterial primers. PCR products were then analysed by DGGE, and similarity between the profiles obtained was determined by unweighted pair group with mathematical averages clustering. The results showed clear profiles that presumably represented the dominant bacterial fractions in the samples. The profiles generated by all four methods were similar, indicating that the methods were of approximately equal efficiency in the extraction of target DNA representative of the soil bacterial community. However, the patterns of clustering also indicated that different populations of bacteria could be detected in the same soil using different soil DNA extraction methods. The application of two dilution levels of DNA in PCR-DGGE showed that the most stable profile of the soil bacterial community could be generated by the direct methods. The indirect methods gave clustered profiles at both dilution levels. It is likely that these methods extracted DNA from a major, easily desorbed, bacterial fraction, consisting of low-density populations. PCR-DGGE was found to be a suitable technique with which to assess differences in methods for DNA extraction from soil, which can be further used for the determination of microbial community diversity at the molecular level. Received: 22 June 1999