基于驾驶员-EPS闭环系统汽车操纵稳定性的研究

研究具有横摆角速度反馈控制策略的闭环控制的汽车电动助力转向系统,在选择恰当的驾驶员模型、汽车转向运动简化模型和电动助力转向系统模型的基础上,利用MArrIAB／Simulik建立驾驶员一汽车闭环非线性操纵动力学模型,并应用该模型对装备EPS系统整车操纵稳定性进行仿真研究,详细分析EPS系统助力增益对整车操纵稳定性能的影响。其结果对EPS系统与整车匹配以及提高整车的操纵稳定性具有一定参考价值。     

Frequency offset tracking algorithm for orthogonal frequency divisionmultiplexing systems using a pilot sub carrier

To improve the estimation precision of the carrier frequency offset in a multi path fast fading environment, the performance of the frequency offset tracking algorithm using a pilot sub carrier was studied extensively. Comparing with the frequency offset tracking algorithm based on a cyclic prefix, a frequency offset tracking algorithm using a pilot sub carrier can not only derive better frequency offset tracking performance in the AWGN channel, but also obtain exact frequency offset estimation in multi path fast fading channels. The algorithm using a pilot sub carrier therefore is more suitable for frequency offset tracking in the multi path fast fading channels.     

水稻穴直播机自主驾驶控制系统设计

为满足水稻穴直播机自主作业的高性能需求,对穴直播机的自主驾驶系统进行了自主化设计与验证。根据洋马VP6型穴直播机的结构特点,对穴直播机自主驾驶进行机电改造,设计了自主驾驶总控制器和CAN总线化电动转向、油门及挡位的分控制系统,满足了自动驾驶的功能要求。经过分析穴直播机的运动学模型及控制模型,分别建立了外环轨迹跟踪和内环转向角度跟踪的双闭环控制算法策略。经过反复试验,确定合适的控制器参数为k_p=1、k_d=3.5。水田环境的试验结果表明:自动驾驶控制系统达到了横向偏差的绝对值不大于8 cm的跟踪效果。     

Rhamphicarpa fistulosa,a widespread facultative hemi‐parasitic weed,threatening rice production in Africa

Rhamphicarpa fistulosa is a facultative hemi‐parasitic plant of the Orobanchaceae family, adapted to wet soils. Apart from tropical Australia, it is only found in sub‐Saharan Africa, where it is considered a minor weed in cereal crops such as rice. Due to this status, the species has received only sporadic attention. Recent field observations and encounters with rice farmers in several African countries showed that R. fistulosa is, however, a more serious and increasing production constraint than previously thought. Results from a systematic literature review and a global herbarium study support this. The species has a broad distribution over Africa (at least 35 countries from Madagascar to Senegal and from Sudan to South Africa) and a wide range in altitude (0–2150 m a.s.l.) and environment (waterlogged swamps to moist free‐draining uplands). Rhamphicarpa fistulosa is relatively independent and persistent because of the presumably wide host range, the facultative nature of its parasitism and its prolific seed (estimated 100 000 seeds m^?2 under moderate infestation levels). Finally, R. fistulosa causes severe yield losses (average 60%) and high regional annual economic losses (estimated US $175 million), while effective control options are scant and awareness of the species among important R&D stakeholders is almost absent. An integrated approach is advocated to assist the rice sector to reduce current R. fistulosa‐inflicted losses and to prevent further spread of the species into new areas.     

陆地棉极短纤维突变体基因Li_2的遗传与定位

Li2突变体是在纤维伸长发育阶段纤维极端缩短类型的突变体,其控制极短纤维表型的基因被命名为Li2。本文以(Li2×海7124)F2及(Li2×sub18)F2作为标记群体,结合本实验室最新的海陆种间分子遗传图谱上染色体18的标记信息,对陆地棉纤维突变体Li2的极短纤维性状进行基因定位。在(Li2×海7124)F2分离群体中,纤维性状分离比符合孟德尔3∶1的分离,证明Li2突变体的极短纤维性状是由一对完全显性单基因控制。而在(Li2×sub18)F2分离群体中,纤维性状分离比出现异常,不符合3∶1的分离比,这可能与Li2突变体的温敏特性有关。利用JoinMap 3.0连锁分析软件,使用含623个单株的(Li2×海7124)F2群体将Li2基因定位在18染色体的端部,与最近标记Z08的遗传距离为6.051 cM;使用含651个单株的(Li2×sub18)F2群体将Li2基因也定位在了18染色体的端部,与最近标记Z08的遗传距离为9.266 cM。研究结果为进一步精细定位与图位克隆该基因提供了基础。     

Analysis of some factors affecting fertility levels in a high‐producing dairy herd in south‐western Japan

The present study aimed to know whether all cows have been showing declining fertility or only a proportion of cows are attributed to the declining fertility, and to describe factors affecting the level of fertility. A total of 131 cows calved from February 2005 to December 2007 in a dairy herd were examined. Fourteen cows were excluded from the study because of early culling. Of the remaining 117 cows, 47 (40%) conceived within 115 days postpartum after 1–3 artificial insemination (AI) (normal fertility cows), 42 (36%) conceived after 115 days postpartum following 1–3 AI or were culled after 1–2 (sub‐fertility cows/culled), and 28 (24%) were inseminated more than three times without detectable genital tract abnormalities (repeat breeders). Calving to conception interval in the normal fertility group was 72 + 3 days, while in the sub‐fertility/culled and repeat breeding groups the intervals were 170 + 8 and 259 + 16 days, respectively. Endometritis was the risk factor for sub‐fertility/culled (odds ratio (OR) = 3.76). Prolonged luteal phase (OR = 4.08), delayed first ovulation (OR = 6.02), and delayed corpus luteum formation after AI (OR = 8.55) were the risk factors for repeat breeding. In conclusion, 60% cows showed reduced fertility in a herd, while the other 40% had normal fertility. Uterine infection and some ovarian disorders contributed to reduced fertility.     

基于组态的无线节水灌溉监控系统设计

采用无线自动监控技术实现节水灌溉、林业自然灾害监控是当今的发展方向之一,从农业应用出发,应用PID算法的步进电机闭环控制仿真,提出了一种基于组态软件和单片机利用无线射频模块PTR8000实现数据传输的节水灌溉监控系统设计方案,详细讨论了系统的组成、仿真原理、运行方式。结果表明,监控系统具有适应性强、开放性好、经济、开发周期短等优点,为实际应用提供一种较好的仿真方法。     

优质日光温室黄瓜新品种中农26号的选育

中农26号是以01316为母本和04348为父本配制而成的黄瓜一代杂种。瓜色深绿,腰瓜长约30 cm,瓜把短,心腔小,果肉绿色,商品瓜率高;综合抗病性强,抗霜霉病、白粉病、病毒病,中杭枯萎病;耐低温弱光;持续结瓜及丰产优势明显。早春日光温室栽培产量高达8 900 kg·（667 m²）^-1。适宜北方日光温室各茬口栽培。     

基于工控机的汽车主锥预紧力测量机控制系统设计

该文分析了汽车主锥中圆锥滚子轴承的预紧力与轴向位移、压紧轴承的锁紧螺母拧紧力矩之间的关系,以及轴向位移量与启动摩擦力矩之间的内在联系,并研制出具有锁紧螺母预紧力矩和轴承启动摩擦力矩自动测量功能的主锥自动装配设备的控制系统。该系统以工控机为控制核心,以Visual C++作为软件开发工具,使系统既具有较高的稳定性及灵活性,又有直观、友好用户界面。控制系统对锁紧螺母拧紧力矩和轴承摩擦力矩采用闭环控制的实时测量,可精确控制轴承的预紧力,提高主锥总成的装配质量和生产效率。     

The economics of soil productivity: local,national and global perspectives

Soil degradation is a mounting problem on many smallholder lands in developing countries. Economic analysis has been an important tool in addressing this problem, beginning with assessments of the financial attractiveness of investing in soil conservation works. Data compiled from 67 studies of the financial attractiveness of conservation technologies suggest that many can provide positive net returns at the farm level (64·2 per cent). While such studies have made a valuable contribution, economists have been exploring additional applications of economics to the problem, such as the development of new perspectives under the guise of ecological economics. As a result, this paper argues it is an opportune time to assess progress in the field of economic analysis of soil degradation and to consider the policy ramifications of this research. Key issues are grouped into farm‐level considerations, national policy linkages and global issues. A number of policy implications emerge. Clearly, devising effective incentives at the farm or community (collective action) level must be a priority. As part of this effort, even more attention should be paid to the influence of macroeconomic and sectoral policies on soil productivity. Since soil degradation is also a problem with global ramifications, there is a clear rationale for intervention at the international level via mechanisms such as international transfers. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.