套作遮荫条件下烯效唑对大豆壮苗机理的研究

为探明烯效唑在套作遮荫条件下对大豆的壮苗机理,通过盆栽试验,研究了烯效唑干拌种（0、2、4、8 mg/kg）对大豆苗期根、叶生理功能的影响。结果表明,烯效唑干拌种提高了根体积、根系活力和根系活跃吸收面积（除8 mg/kg）,但显著降低了根长。同时,烯效唑干拌种还提高了根、叶中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性,从而降低了脂质过氧化程度,降低了根、叶中丙二醛(MDA)含量,提高了根、叶中脯氨酸(Pro)含量,最终保护了细胞膜的完整性和功能性,其中烯效唑干拌种浓度以4 mg/kg最佳。可见,适宜浓度的烯效唑干拌种可以改善套作大豆苗期生长,提高耐荫抗逆能力,有利于套作大豆后期的营养生长和生殖生长。     

Influence of Seed Treatment with Uniconazole Powder on Soybean Growth,Photosynthesis, Dry Matter Accumulation after Flowering and Yield in Relay Strip Intercropping System

Abstract

The relay strip intercropping system of wheat-corn-soybean is widely used in southwest China. However, it is hard to produce soybean stably with this system, since the growth of soybean plants is slower under shading by corn at the seedling stage, and it is compensated by accelerated growth after the symbiotic stage. Soybean plants show excessive vegetative growth due to more rain during the flowering stage, which results in fallen petals, fallen pods and lower yield. This study investigated whether seed treatment with uniconazole powder (0, 2, 4 and 8 mg kg^–1 seed) suppresses excessive vegetative growth of soybean plants during the flowering stage and delays senescence of photosynthetically active leaves at the pod-setting stage. If such events are correlated with changes in photosynthesis, they may affect dry matter accumulation and seed yield in the relay stripping system. Uniconazole promoted biomass accumulation from 31 (R₃) to 61 (R₅) days after flowering (DAF) and seed yield. Seed treatment with uniconazole raised the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, and total chlorophyll and chlorophyll a contents. In contrast, uniconazole reduced leaf area index (LAI) from 1 DAF (R₁) to 46 DAF (R₄) with the increase in uniconazole concentration, whereas, uniconazole significantly increased LAI at 61 DAF, and the greatest promotion occurred at 2 mg kg^–1 treatment. The study clearly showed that uniconazole effectively suppressed excessive vegetative growth of soybean during flowering stage, delayed senescence of photosynthetically active leaves at pod-setting stage and induced higher yield, which were related to the changes in photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll content, dry matter accumulation and LAI in the relay strip intercropping system.     

Isoflavonoid Accumulation Pattern as Affected by Shading from Maize in Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) in Relay Strip Intercropping System

Abstract

Soybean is the most common resource of isoflavonoid in human food. Wide development of relay strip intercropped soybean has contributed to the soybean industry in China. Due to the shading from maize, growth and grain production of soybean is reduced. However, whether soybean isoflavonoid accumulation pattern is influenced in the relay strip intercropping system is still unclear. Here, we studied the accumulation patterns of soybean isoflavones in the relay strip intercropping system and sole cropping system at the per-harvest stage. The accumulation patterns of soybean isoflavones at the postharvest stage were also studied. The results indicated that accumulation patterns of soybean isoflavones of all varieties in leaf and seed in the two systems were similar, but the trend was delayed in the relay strip intercropping system compared with the sole cropping system. During the pod filling stage, the total content of isoflavone, M-type isoflavone content, G-type isoflavone content in seed in the relay strip intercropping system were lower than those in the sole cropping system. During the after-ripening period, seed isoflavone content, M-type isoflavone content, G-type isoflavone content in seed increased in both systems, but were higher in the relay strip intercropping system. The temperature and photosynthetically active radiation were significantly lower in relay intercropping than in sole cropping, while relative humidity showed the opposite trend. Path analysis showed that total isoflavone content in leaves and seeds showed a significantly positive correlation with temperature and photosynthetically active radiation, but significantly negative correlation with relative humidity. Correlation analysis between the highest isoflavone content in sole cropping or relay intercropping seeds and agronomic traits revealed a significant positive correlation between the number of both branches and pods with total isoflavone, M-type isoflavone and G-type isoflavone in both systems.     

非对称扰动下热轧铝带跑偏过程三维数值模拟

基于大型工程分析软件MSC.Marc,设计了模拟Fi机架轧制过程的三维有限元模型,结合实验研究得到的1235铝合金高温本构方程,模拟出非对称性扰动下,热轧铝合金板带跑偏状态;研究了板带在来料厚度分布横向非对称、辊缝形状横向非对称及来料不对中扰动下,轧制力、板带运动轨迹等轧制参数的横向非对称性;探讨了板带跑偏与轧制力、压下率等轧制参数的横向分布特征的相关性.研究结果表明：不同扰动下板带的跑偏方向与两侧轧制力差的关系并不一致,不能根据轧制力差判断板带的跑偏方向;压下率差与跑偏方向具有一致性,板带由压下率大的一边向压下率小的一边跑偏,这一规律为无法明确扰动的板带纠偏策略提供了理论参考.     

秸秆还田对东北半干旱区玉米‖花生轮作系统土壤水热特性及作物产量的影响

以东北半干旱区玉米‖花生轮作系统为研究对象,试验设传统玉米单作、花生单作、不同秸秆还田量下(30%、60%和100%)玉米‖花生轮作5个处理。通过连续3年田间定位试验,研究玉米秸秆不同还田量对农田土壤水热特性、产量及土地当量比(LER)的影响。结果表明,与传统单作相比,秸秆还田处理玉米区播前0～40 cm土壤平均含水量提高了1.9%～3.9%,花生区提高了11.0%～13.9%;成熟期,秸秆还田花生区0:00～8:00平均地温比传统单作提高了0.2℃～1.1℃,10:00～22:00平均地温较传统单作降低了0.5℃～1.0℃。2016年和2017年玉米‖花生轮作系统LER为1.05～1.16,2018年各处理LER均小于1。吉林半干旱区玉米‖花生轮作系统进行秸秆还田改善了作物播前的土壤水分状况,但对于作物产量的影响在不同年份有所差异。     

播期对秸秆带状覆盖下冬小麦干物质积累、产量及水分利用效率的影响

为明确半干旱雨养区玉米秸秆带状覆盖条件下播种时间对小麦产量和水分利用效率可能带来的影响,在甘肃省通渭县常河镇甘肃农业大学旱作小麦试验基地设7个播期处理,分别为9月14日(T1)、9月19日(T2)、9月24日(T3)、9月29日(T4)、10月4日(T5)、10月9日(T6),以9月24日露地种植为对照(CK),研究了播期对冬小麦生育期、干物质积累及产量等性状的影响。结果表明,T2处理的产量和WUE最高,穗粒数和千粒重也显著高于其他处理。推迟播期缩短了冬小麦全生育其天数,各生育阶段天数抽穗前大于抽穗后;播期对植株干物质积累的影响表现为营养生长期大于生殖生长期,花前干物质向籽粒的转运量及其对籽粒的贡献率随播期推迟呈增加的趋势。综合来看,在半干旱雨养区玉米秸秆带状覆盖条件下9月19日是冬小麦最佳播期。     

小尾寒羊在陕北地区适应性能的综合评价

对从鲁西南地区引入陕北的小尾寒羊在两地的生产性能,生理生化反应和抗逆抗病性等综合性能进行了测试和对比分析。结果表明,该羊种在陕北地区的表型适应和遗传适应均表现良好,可以作为当地的适应良种引入,但在引种上要选择适宜的季节和种羊日龄,并在风土驯化方面要注重防治羊流感为主的呼吸系统疾病。     

对问卷调查考核干部形式的思考

首先论述了问卷调查方法产生的历史必然性 ,进而分析了问卷调查表的设计与具体操作中的不完善之处 ,并提出了具体的改进措施。     

小麦条锈菌突变菌株相对寄生适合度测定

测定了CY17,CY31突变菌系在感病品种铭贤169上的相对寄生适合度属性,并利用“病害量”衡量突变菌株的相对寄生适合度。结果表明:CY17各突变菌株的相对寄生适合度均高于原始菌株,其中CY17mut-4最高,CY17mut-1较高,CY17mut-3,CY17mut-2相差不大,居中;而CY17mut-5最低,各突变菌株之间的差异主要表现在夏孢子萌发率、夏孢子堆长度、严重度3个属性上。CY31突变菌株的相对寄生适合度均低于原始菌株。其中CY31mut-1,CY31mutS-1,CY31mut-2,CY31mutS-2的相对寄生适合度高,CY31mutH-1,CY31mutH-2,CY31mut-6次之,CY31mut-3,CY31mut-5,CY31mut-4最低,其突变菌株间的相对寄生适合度属性在夏孢子萌发率、夏孢子堆长度和夏孢子堆密度上有较显著差异。     

鸭瘟病毒单抗的制备及胶体金试纸条检测方法的建立

【目的】鸭瘟（DP）是由鸭瘟病毒（DPV）引起的一种急性、败血性传染病,以头颈肿胀、食道黏膜和泄殖腔黏膜出血、黄白色溃疡,头颈部皮下有黄白色胶冻样渗出为特征。该病一旦发生,发病急、死亡快、死亡率高,对养鸭业危害严重。快速诊断是控制鸭瘟的重要措施之一,可以及时确定病原,以便采取有效的防制手段。试验旨在建立鸭瘟病毒（DPV）胶体金快速检测方法。【方法】利用生物学软件Protean分析,选择鸭瘟病毒抗原表位较多的一段序列设计引物,PCR扩增目的基因。连接到载体pMD-18T上,测序正确后再连接到原核表达载体pET-28a上。将获得的重组质粒转化至Rosetta感受态细胞中进行诱导表达。表达的蛋白经纯化后测其浓度并经Western blotting鉴定分析。以表达的DPV-gB蛋白作为抗原,免疫7周龄BALB/c小鼠,取其脾细胞与SP2/0骨髓瘤细胞进行融合,经间接ELISA筛选及亚克隆,获得DPV-gB特异性单克隆抗体。采用柠檬酸三钠还原法制备胶体金颗粒,以制备的 H6F6单抗作为标记抗体（标记的最适pH为8.0-8.5,最佳标记浓度为15倍原液稀释）,将纯化的A8D7单抗（浓度为2倍原液稀释）和羊抗鼠IgG（浓度为10倍稀释）包被在硝酸纤维素膜（NC）上,分别作为检测线和质控线,经条件优化建立了鸭瘟病毒胶体金试纸条检测方法。【结果】共获得4株能稳定分泌抗DPV-gB蛋白抗体的杂交瘤细胞株,命名为A8D7、E6C3、H11F8、H6F6。间接ELISA检测腹水效价分别为1:10³、1:10³、1:10⁵、1:10³。亚类鉴定结果分别为IgG2b、IgG2a、IgG2b、IgG1,轻链均为kappa链。Western blotting结果显示4株单抗均能与DPV-gB蛋白特异性结合。IFA结果显示制备的4株单抗是针对DPV产生的。建立的胶体金试纸条方法能够特异性地检测鸭瘟病毒,与鸭坦布苏病毒、H9N2亚型禽流感病毒、呼肠孤病毒、减蛋综合征病毒无反应。阳性尿囊液稀释50倍后用该试纸条检测依然为阳性;用不同批次的试纸条重复检测,结果无差异。利用制备的胶体金试纸条和PCR方法对38份临床样品进行检测比较,结果显示两者符合率为91.6 % 。【结论】本研究建立的试纸条检测方法具有良好的特异性、敏感性、重复性和稳定性,可用于DPV的快速检测。