Biochemical comparison of lectins among three different color strains of the red alga Kappaphycus?alvarezii

The red alga Kappaphycus alvarezii is economically important as an edible species and as a source of carrageenan, and has been extensively cultivated in many tropical countries. For this species, different color strains, which differ from each another in growth rate and carrageenan content, have been reported for decades. In this study, lectins from brown, red, and green strains of K. alvarezii cultivated in Vietnam were isolated and characterized for evaluation of their biochemical properties and contents. The results showed that each color strain contained in common the three lectins, named KAA-1, KAA-2, and KAA-3, which shared the hapten-inhibition profile of hemagglutination, 20 N-terminal amino acid sequence, and equivalent molecular mass within a range of 28,016 ± 1.2 to 28,021 ± 1.8 Da, but differed in their yields, with the highest yield of KAA-2. These properties of the three isolectins were also comparable among the three different color strains. However, the sum of the yields of the three isolectins decreased in the order: red (21.4 mg) to green (15.9 mg) to brown strains (15.1 mg), from 500 g fresh alga. Thus, this algal species can be a good source of useful lectins, irrespective of color strain.     

11株禽多杀性巴氏杆菌OmpA基因克隆测序及其序列分析

为了解国内禽多杀性巴氏杆菌流行株（Pasteurella multocida,Pm）OmpA基因的变异情况,参考GenBank中已发表的多杀性巴氏杆菌序列设计一对特异性引物,采用PCR方法对11个禽Pm菌株和3个荚膜型参考株（A,B,D）的OmpA基因进行扩增,将各菌株纯化回收的扩增产物与pMD18-T载体连接,筛选阳性克隆进行测序。结果表明：14个菌株的OmpA基因开放阅读框在1 047～1 077 bp之间,其中长度为1 062 bp的有9个菌株;Signal IP 4.0预测表明,信号肽均为N端21个氨基酸残基,成熟蛋白氨基酸残基数量在327～332之间,推测的分子量为35.19～36.35 kD。与GenBank中12个菌株OmpA基因核苷酸序列比对及遗传进化分析发现,核苷酸同源性为85.3%～100%;氨基酸同源性为83.1%～100%;其中C48-1,1010,9003,890920,921012,xj等6个国内禽Pm分离株OmpA序列同源性为100%。由此可见国内禽Pm菌株OmpA基因非常保守。     

甘肃辣椒疫霉菌对甲霜灵的抗药性研究

对采自甘肃6个地区的19株辣椒疫霉单孢菌株进行甲霜灵的抗性水平测定,结果表明,甘肃辣椒疫霉菌对甲霜灵的抗药性存在明显差异,酒泉市铧尖乡、临水乡和金塔县未施用过甲霜灵的菌株,EC50平均值为0．13mg／L,可作为辣椒疫霉菌对甲霜灵的敏感基线。兰州、天水、武威等地区辣椒疫霉菌对甲霜灵普遍产生较高的抗性,中高抗菌株检出率达到63．2％,抗性水平最高可达388．0倍,这与上述地区长期施用甲霜灵有关。     

赤霉素高产菌株选育及其固态发酵研究进展

目前,工业大规模赤霉素生产采用液体深层发酵技术,但存在成本高、能耗大、环境不友好等突出问题。选育赤霉素高产菌株是提高赤霉素产量、降低生产成本的重要手段。同时,固态发酵技术以其独特优势在近30 a来重获关注,赤霉素固态发酵研究因此取得很大进展。综述了赤霉素产生菌的单一诱变、复合诱变、原生质体诱变手段,以及筛选稳定高产突变株的方法,总结了赤霉素固态发酵培养基种类以及固态发酵控制条件,并展望赤霉素固态发酵的巨大潜力。     

Protective efficacy of an H5/H7 trivalent inactivated vaccine produced from Re-11, Re-12, and H7-Re2 strains against challenge with different H5 and H7 viruses in chickens

We developed an H5/H7 trivalent inactivated vaccine by using Re-11, Re-12, and H7-Re2 vaccine seed viruses, which were generated by reverse genetics and derived their HA genes from A/duck/Guizhou/S4184/2017(H5 N6)(DK/GZ/S4184/17)(a clade 2.3.4.4 d virus), A/chicken/Liaoning/SD007/2017(H5 N1)(CK/LN/SD007/17)(a clade 2.3.2.1 d virus), and A/chicken/Guangxi/SD098/2017(H7 N9)(CK/GX/SD098/17), respectively. The protective efficacy of this novel vaccine and that of the recently used H5/H7 bivalent inactivated vaccine against different H5 and H7 N9 viruses was evaluated in chickens. We found that the H5/H7 bivalent vaccine provided solid protection against the H7 N9 virus CK/GX/SD098/17, but only 50–60% protection against different H5 viruses. In contrast, the novel H5/H7 trivalent vaccine provided complete protection against the H5 and H7 viruses tested. Our study underscores the importance of timely updating of vaccines for avian influenza control.     

2008年江苏地区基因Ⅶd亚型新城疫病毒遗传变异分析

为了研究基因Ⅶ d亚型新城疫病毒(Newcastle disease virus,NDV)的分子流行病学及遗传变异规律,作者对2008年分离自江苏地区16株具有一定代表性NDV分离株的F和HN基因片段进行了扩增.根据F基因和HN基因序列绘制的2个遗传进化树基本一致,表明分离株中不存在囊膜糖蛋白基因发生重组的NDV;同时,HN蛋白线性表位发生E347K突变的变异株的分离率在我国呈上升趋势.基因Ⅶd亚型变异株的出现应引起相关领域从业者们的高度重视.     

一种纤维素酶产生菌的筛选方法

[目的]获得一种简单高效的纤维素酶产生菌的筛选方法。[方法]基于扩散原理,采用滤纸条扩散试验筛选纤维素酶产生菌。[结果]获得2株纤维素酶产生菌菌株X1和X2。经DNS法检验,菌株X1的FPA酶和CMC酶活力分别为12.3和8.3 U,菌株X2的FPA酶和CMC酶活力分别为8.8和7.8 U。[结论]滤纸条扩散试验可作为一种便捷高效的筛选高质量纤维素酶产生菌的方法。     

哈茨木霉几丁质酶诱导及其对水稻纹枯病菌的拮抗作用

 在实验室条件下分别以几丁质和水稻纹枯病菌(Rhizoctonia solani)细胞壁作唯一碳源诱导哈茨木霉(Trichoderma harzianum)菌株NF9、TC3和P1产生几丁质酶,用硫酸铵沉淀法制备几丁质酶粗提液。上述木霉菌株内切几丁质酶活性(对胶体几丁质浑浊度的减少率)分别为79.8%、74.4%和76.0%,均显著高于非诱导的阳性对照。培养第5 d几丁质诱导的木霉菌株NF9和TC3内切几丁质酶活性显著高于由水稻纹枯病菌细胞壁诱导的酶活性。体外测定表明,通过诱导的木霉菌株TC3、NF9和P1几丁质酶粗提液对水稻纹枯病病菌的拮抗圈直径可达38、21和23 mm,与非诱导的阳性对照比较有显著性差异。对木霉几丁质酶拮抗作用的特点及生防应用进行了讨论。     

不同强度温度刺激对棉花黄萎病的影响

采用三个不同抗性的棉花品种、三个不同的黄萎病菌系和三个温度梯度,完全随机区组设计,在人工气候箱中研究刺激不同时间对棉花黄萎病发病的影响。结果表明,刺激温度的高低和品种的抗性对棉花黄萎病的发生与扩展有显著的影响,而菌系致病力以及刺激时间长短对棉花黄萎病的发生也存在显著差异,但影响较小;品种的抗病性对棉花黄萎病的发生起着至关重要的制约作用;温度对黄萎病的发生与扩展起着关键作用。初步明确了影响棉花黄萎病发生与扩展的几个因子间的互作效应及其影响程度。     

Vc混菌发酵中不同伴生菌伴生能力差异的研究

为考察不同伴生菌伴生的差异与2-酮基-L-古龙酸产量之间的关系,本研究比较了维生素C混菌发酵中2株伴生菌——巨大芽孢杆菌25B和短小芽孢杆菌HJ04的生长特性、胞外蛋白含量,并分别测定了它们与普通生酮基古龙酸杆菌组成的混菌发酵体系的抗氧化能力。结果表明:相对于25B,HJ04生长能力更强,在发酵18和42h,胞外蛋白含量分别为92.2和89.1μg/mL,分别高于前者13.6和4.8μg/mL;与普通生酮基古龙酸杆菌组成的混菌体系的总抗氧化能力在发酵18和42h分别为42.3和57.3U/mL,分别高于前者4.09U/mL(P0.05)和2.73U/mL(P0.05),谷胱甘肽还原酶活力为33.6和59.8U/L,分别高于前者14.5U/L(P0.01)和6.1U/L(P0.05);在Vc混菌发酵中2-KGA的产量提高了10.3mg/mL(P0.05)。研究认为,伴生菌分泌活性蛋白能力及抗氧化能力与混菌体系2-酮基-L-古龙酸产量呈正相关性。