The optimized Gabor window spectrum of gear fault diagnosis detection

There is a lot of non-stationary signals in gear vibration signals,which is analyzed by using Gabor spectrum. To resolve the problem of the choice of window,a method based on entropy is proposed to select the optimal Gabor window width,and the time-frequency resolution of Gabor transform is improved. Since the spectrum has its specific mechanism of crossing-item,the Gabor spectrum is calculated in the region of the key support area and the crossing-item is effectively removed,then the Gabor spectrum is used to analysis the time-frequency distribution of vibration signals of gear,and this method is compared with traditional analysis methods. The result shows that the Gabor spectrum can intuitively react abnormal gear and energy changes with time,and easily diagnose the gear fault.     

土壤盐分对土壤水分扩散率的影响

土壤水分扩散率是土壤水盐运动的重要参数之一。利用水平土柱吸渗法对不同含盐量土壤的水分扩散率与含水量之间的关系进行了测定,并建立了土壤水分扩散率、土壤含水量与Boltzmann参数间的定量关系。结果表明,不同含盐量土壤之间的水分扩散率存在明显差异,表现在相同土壤含水量情况下,土壤水分扩散率随土壤含盐量的增大而增大;土壤水分扩散率随土壤含水量增大而单调增大,且当含水量接近饱和时,土壤水分扩散率接近无穷,通过建立含水量与土壤水分扩散率的经验函数关系能较好地反映了土壤含水率与土壤水分扩散率间的关系。     

Modeling and Its Application of Reinforced Concrete Columns Considering Nonlinear Shear Effects

A fiber beam-column element in conjunction with zero-length elements attached to its ends was proposed to simulate the flexural and shear mechanism respectively. Based on the Limit State Material model and the Shear Limit Curve model provided by OpenSees, the nonlinear shear effect of reinforced concrete column and its coupling with the flexural effect were defined. The reliability of the proposed model was validated by means of comparisons with existing test results. Finally, a plane frame from in-situ pushover test was simulated. It is shown that the proposed method, by taking the nonlinear shear effect into account, produces satisfactory results for frame columns with shear strength and stiffness degradation, while the conventional fiber beam-column element can hardly simulate actual flexure-shear failure mechanism for columns characterized by insufficient transverse reinforcement. The proposed method is applicable for nonlinear analysis of reinforced concrete frame structures with shear deficiencies.     

Dynamic characteristics of multi-stage planetary gear trains in shield machine cutter drive

A purely torsional dynamic model of multi-stage planetary gear trains is developed to investigate the dynamic characteristics of the transmission system in shield machine cutter drive. In the model,phase difference between mesh stiffness and error among each stage caused by different initial mesh positions is considered,and other factors such as component bearing stiffness,time-varying mesh stiffness and error are considered as well. Inherent characteristic analysis shows there are more unique and diverse vibration modes in multi-stage planetary gear trains than in single-stage planetary gear trains. Through dynamic response analysis,time-domain and frequency-domain response of dynamic meshing force of each stage is obtained. As the frequency of exciting force of medium-speed and high-speed stage is in proximity to the natural frequency of the system,harmonic resonance tends to occur,which needs to be paid great attention to. Dynamic factors of each stage are also computed and prepare the ground for the dynamic optimizing design of planetary gear trains.     

某型飞机起落架控制系统的优化

针对某型飞机起落架收放装置在飞机起落过程中出现的故障,包括起落架自动收起不到位、液压系统液压油因漏油使压力不能保持稳定、应急控制活门异常等故障,设计了一种新的控制系统,该控制系统在原有的控制系统基础上进行了优化,主要包括液压系统和电气控制系统,使用结果表明:这两个系统相互配合提高了飞机起落架在收放过程中的可靠性、稳定性和安全系数,同时避免了液压系统液压油漏油及应急控制活门异常等故障,可顺利实现起落架的正常收放及应急状况下起落架的释放。     

圆弧齿轮排肥器设计与仿真试验

针对外槽轮式排肥器存在排肥流量均匀性较差的问题,设计一种圆弧齿轮排肥器。对排肥轮结构进行理论分析,建立排肥量数学模型,并确定在结构参数不变的情况下,影响排肥器排肥量的工作参数。设计仿真试验,研究工作参数对圆弧齿轮排肥器排肥量的影响、对比圆弧齿轮排肥器与外槽轮式排肥器排肥流量均匀性高低;设计验证试验,检验仿真试验可靠性;结果表明:1)因调肥隔板与排肥轮间存在间隙,导致肥料堆积产生滑移现象,排肥器无法通过改变工作槽段长度对排肥量进行稳定调节,但排肥轮转速可线性改变排肥器排肥量,且排肥轮转速与排肥流量间存在线性关系;2)圆弧齿轮排肥器较外槽轮式排肥器排肥流量变异系数平均减小30.14%,排肥流量均匀性有了较大的提高;3)台架试验值与离散元仿真值相对误差值均小于2.5%,离散元仿真试验结果可靠。     

基于ABAQUS的齿轮动态啮合的非线性分析

为了解决齿轮在动态啮合过程中接触应力计算的问题,通过HyperMesh软件的前处理功能划分全六面体网格,可以减少计算量,然后将网格模型导入ABAQUS中计算,在实际的工程问题中,ABAQUS对解决非线性问题有一定的优势,通过使用ABAQUS软件可以计算齿轮动态啮合问题,计算结果比传统计算公式更准确,且可定量地分析齿轮啮合应变与应力分布情况。     

自适应最大相关峭度反褶积方法诊断齿轮轴承复合故障

为了解决传统最大相关峭度反褶积(maximum correlated kurtosis deconvolution,MCKD)在故障诊断中容易出现因参数选择不当而影响诊断效果的问题,该文提出了一种基于量子遗传算法(quantum genetic algorithm,QGA)的自适应最大相关峭度反褶积方法(maximum correlated kurtosis deconvolution with quantum genetic algorithm,QMCKD)用于齿轮和轴承复合故障诊断。通过量子遗传算法自适应选择最大相关峭度反褶积的2个关键参数滤波器长度(L)和反褶积周期(T)。使用QMCKD处理原始振动信号,提取复合故障信号中的所有单个故障信号,分别对单个故障信号进行频谱分析从而识别故障特征。在对齿面磨损-滚动轴承外圈损伤复合故障诊断中,QMCKD能够识别齿轮故障频率及其2~4倍频,识别轴承故障频率及其2~6倍频,且主要频率成分周围干扰谱线很少,故障类型容易识别。与直接频谱分析和变分模态分解(variational mode decomposition,VMD)相比,该方法在诊断效果上具有优越性。在对齿根裂纹-轴承滚动体损伤复合故障诊断中,QMCKD能够突出齿轮故障频率及其2~5倍频,突出轴承故障频率及其2~8倍频,齿轮和轴承故障特征明显,验证了方法的稳定性。试验结果表明QMCKD能够有效识别复合故障中齿轮和轴承的故障特征,可用于齿轮箱的齿轮、轴承复合故障诊断。     

粉煤灰条形柱在水土保持坡改梯工程中的推广应用

通过对粉煤灰条形柱的特点分析,探讨粉煤灰条形柱在坡改梯工程中的应用.认为粉煤灰条形柱的应用缓解了大竹县条石紧缺矛盾,减少了对环境的污染,提高坡改梯埂坎的安砌质量和科技含量,减少劳动强度,降低工程造价,减少水土流失,美化周边环境,应扩大粉煤灰条形柱的应用范围.     

The effect of micro-heterogeneity and capillary number on capillary pressure and relative permeability curves of soils

The determination of the two-phase flow coefficients (such as the capillary pressure, P_c, and relative permeabilities, k_rw, k_ro) is of a key importance to model the two-phase flow processes taking place during contaminant transport in subsurface. In the present work, transient immiscible displacement experiments are performed at various flow rates on long disturbed soil columns. The capillary pressure-saturation-relative permeability relationships of soils characterized by narrow and broad grain size distributions are estimated with inverse modeling from rate-controlled displacement experiments and are correlated with the grain size variability and ratio of viscous to capillary forces (capillary number). A soil core holder assembled with electrodes is constructed to monitor the axial distribution of water saturation. A new technique is developed to determine the water saturation averaged over successive segments of the soil column by measuring the transient responses of the electrical resistance between vertical ring electrodes. The transient responses of the average oil (water) saturation in five segments along with the total pressure drop across the soil column are introduced into an inverse modeling numerical solver of the macroscopic two-phase flow equations to estimate simultaneously the capillary pressure and relative permeability curves under dynamic conditions. The water and oil relative permeabilities increase drastically with the capillary number, while the capillary pressure curve of soils with broad grain (pore) size distribution is wider than that of soils with narrow grain (pore) size distribution. For soils with high variability of grain sizes, the irreducible wetting phase saturation is higher, the relative permeability curves are sharper and the end oil relative permeability is higher compared to soils with low variability of grain sizes.