基于权重自动调整神经网络的水稻病虫害诊断专家系统

针对水稻病虫害诊断特点,从人工智能角度出发,提出了一种基于权重自动调整的神经网络水稻病虫害的知识组织方式。文章以15种常见水稻病虫害为例,通过对病虫害症状的特点和特征进行分类、抽象和编码,构建了基于权重自动调整的BP神经网络。利用神经网络和不确定性推理技术,对实例样本进行训练学习,并将权值数据作为知识库来进行诊断,并基于这种方法构建了水稻病虫害神经网络诊断专家系统。     

利用霍特林变换对仓储害虫图像倾斜矫正

针对无明显的直线特征的仓储害虫图像,提出一种基于区域和边缘的霍特林变换旋正倾斜害虫图像的方法。首先通过自动搜索的方法确定储粮害虫的最小外接矩,利用自适应阈值对害虫图像二值化;提取最小外接矩内部害虫图像区域和边缘坐标,计算坐标数组的特征向量并构成霍特林变换矩阵;对原害虫图像区域和边缘经变换矩阵作用后实现对倾斜害虫图像的旋转矫正。试验结果表明,基于区域的霍特林变换能更快速准确地测量出倾斜害虫图像的变换矩阵并进行旋转操作,而且具有更好的抗噪性能和鲁棒性。     

甘肃民勤连古城国家级自然保护区药用昆虫资源概述

介绍了甘肃民勤连古城国家级自然保护区药用昆虫31种,分属8目18科31种,占全国主要药用昆虫总数的12.97%,对其寄主、分布、药用部位、价值等方面进行论述,并就药用昆虫资源的现状和开发利用提出建议。     

四川果树3种根腐线虫新纪录

根据雌虫形成、对从四川的苹、梨和桃树根部采到的３种根腐线虫鉴定为Ｐｒａｔｙｌｅｎｃｈｕｓｇｉｂｂｉｃａｕｄａｔｕｓ，Ｐ．ｓｔｕｐｉｄｕｓ和Ｐ．ｔｙｐｉｃｕｓ，均为我国植物线虫新纪录。     

北京地区12个海棠品种的生态适应性评价

海棠是一种叶、花、果同观共赏的彩色观赏树种。通过对12个海棠品种的耐热性、抗病虫害能力以及抗旱性3个方面的研究,文章综合评价了海棠在北京地区的生态适应性。结果表明：红玉、雪球、丰盛、火焰、道格、当娜的生态适应性较好,适合在北京园林绿化建设中广泛应用。     

Conceptual Model for Sustainable Cropping Systems in the Southeast: Cotton System

SUMMARY

Many small to mid-size family farms face an economic and ecological crisis due to the changing face of agricultural production. Increasing production costs and lower revenues are causing many producers to leave the farm. Rural communities face economic hardships due to declining farm numbers and continued loss of the brightest youths who often seek employment in urban areas. Small to mid-size family farms and rural communities can be sustainable if economic and environmental risks are recognized and solutions developed that reach all members of the farm and rural communities. Our project focuses on the involvement of farmers, scientists, and other stakeholders to enhance understanding of sustainable principles at the farm level and extend awareness of the central components to sustainability of rural communities. Conservation tillage with cover crops is being used to modify pest pressures, reduce chemical inputs, improve soil productivity and reduce environmental risks to producers, the community and the environment in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) production systems. Preliminary results indicate that reductions in use of pesticides can be achieved due to enhanced presence of beneficial insects. Cotton offers the best opportunity to enhance the understanding and use of sustainable practices in ecologically-based farming systems because of its predominance in southern farm enterprises. Farmer participation and understanding is being facilitated through the participation of the farmer based Georgia Conservation Tillage Alliance. To achieve greater outreach and broaden community participation within the region we are involving at-risk rural youth through the Communities in Schools of Georgia program. Outreach includes the use of traditional and newer internet based technologies through the development of databases and expert systems that allow, farmers, ranchers, and community members an opportunity to evaluate economic and environmental effects of alternative production practices at local and regional scales. Through interactions with existing federal, state, and private organizations we are encouraging expansion of these sustainable approaches regionally.     

Prevalence of Endosymbionts in Polish Populations of Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

Colorado potato beetle (CPB, Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) is one of the most serious insect pest feeding on wild and cultivated Solanaceae plants. This pest poses a significant threat to potato crops. CPB originated from North America but has become widespread and has adapted in new localizations. Currently, it is reported in many countries worldwide. Endosymbiotic bacteria might have an influence on insect adaptation to new conditions. They are known to play a role in invasiveness of insect hosts and to facilitate colonization of new niches; however, information on endosymbionts of the CPB is very limited. In this study, we screened CPB populations collected from 20 evenly distributed locations in Poland for the presence of Arsenophonus, Cardinium, Wolbachia, and Flavobacterium. We found the presence of Flavobacterium in the studied insects. Little is known about CPB–endosymbionts interactions, thus this study may provide a reference for future studies in this subject.     

‘Insects as Food and Feed: If You Can’t Beat Them,Eat Them!’—To the Magnificent Seven and Beyond

The objective of this special issue is to highlight the current state of research in the field of insects as food and feed, but also other aspects on the exploitation of insect farming. In this editorial, we make a short introduction of the topic of the special issue, briefly present the contributions that are collected in it and offer some thoughts on the future research priorities and challenges that should be addressed. Regarding insect farming, there are additional applications, such as fertilizer, health-promoting products, and cosmetics, that can be produced and utilized, that go far beyond food and feed production.     

云南松抚育间伐试验林昆虫捕获量研究

在个旧白沙冲南松抚育间伐试验林进行昆虫捕获量研究，共获得11个目的昆虫，其中鳞翅目、同翅目、半翅目及双翅目类为优势类群，占昆虫类群全捕量的74．59％，是该林区昆虫类群的主体。昆虫数量与不同强度间伐后的林分类型和该林分松小蠹危害程度有一定的关系，间伐林分昆虫种群密度高，昆虫捕获量大，松小蠹危害很低。而不间伐林分，昆虫种群密度小，昆虫捕获量少，松小蠹危害明显高于间伐林地。     

高大平房仓低温储粮技术应用

通过运用自然通风与机械通风将粮温降到目标值，采取有效措施对粮堆进行隔热保冷，使储粮始终保持在低温环境中，取得了较好的效果。