气调对3种储粮害虫超氧物歧化酶和羧酸酯酶活性的影响

对４种浓度的ＣＯ２和Ｏ２组配气体筛选１１代的杂拟谷盗，玉米象和谷蠹成虫，测定其超氧物歧化酶和羧酯酶活性。结果表明，玉米象和谷蠹成虫，测定其超氧物歧化酶和羧酸酶活性。结果表明，玉米象和谷蠹两种酶的活性比对照都有提高，说明两种仓虫抗气性形成与这两种酶活性的提高有关。杂拟谷盗两种酶的活性都有所降低，说明该种仓虫可能存在其他增强抗性的机制。低氧对两种酶活性的影响较大。     

Red Oak Borer, Enaphalodes rufulus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), in the Ozark Mountains of Arkansas, U.S.A.: An Unexpected and Remarkable Forest Disturbance

A complex interaction of multiple factors has resulted in an oak decline event in oak-hickory forests of the Ozark Mountains of Arkansas and Missouri, U.S.A. The most striking feature of this situation is an unprecedented population explosion of red oak borer, a species of cerambycid beetle, Enaphalodes rufulus (Haldeman), which appears to be causing extensive mortality to mature red oaks (Quercus, subgenus Erythrobalanus). The insect is a native species, historically a minor pest of oaks, found throughout the eastern United States. Beetles normally reproduce in living oaks, as larvae initially feed in phloem tissue and subsequently bore into xylem where pupation occurs. The life cycle is two years in length and synchronous adult emergence occurs in odd-numbered years. Data from previous research indicate average attack densities of less than four per tree with a high of 71 on a single tree. Historical emergence densities are similarly low and the highest reported was 15 adults from one tree. Our research is concerned with understanding factors contributing to this outbreak; developing sampling methods for red oak borer; assessing oak mortality; and evaluating site and stand conditions associated with the current outbreak. Results of our initial sampling reveal dramatically higher average attack densities of 244 per m2 and emergence densities of 18 per m2 of bark surface area. We confirm a three-week period of adult emergence and activity during mid-June to early July. We also report on possible management responses by federal and state agencies to this remarkable epidemic and oak mortality crisis.     

Weak relationships between landscape characteristics and multiple facets of stream macroinvertebrate biodiversity in a boreal drainage basin

Variability in biodiversity is often assessed based on species richness, and this adherence to a single index has been typical in studies of ecology, biogeography, and conservation in the past two decades. More recent studies have suggested that species richness alone is insufficient as a measure of biodiversity, mainly because it is not necessarily correlated with other measures of biodiversity. We examined (1) if nine indices embracing species diversity, functional diversity, and taxonomic distinctness of stream macroinvertebrate assemblages show congruent patterns, and (2) if these indices show similar relationships to landscape characteristics. Not all indices varied similarly and were thus not significantly correlated. There were three principal components that effectively described variation in the correlation structure of the nine indices. These three components were: (1) diversity and evenness indices, (2) two indices of taxonomic distinctness, and (3) species richness and functional richness. Four of the nine biodiversity indices examined showed no significant relationships to landscape-catchment characteristics, and even the significant correlations between the remaining five indices and explanatory variables were rather weak. However, species richness showed a rather strong quadratic relationship to catchment area. Our study provided a number of suggestions for future biodiversity studies at the landscape scale. First, given that different indices describe different components of biodiversity and are not strongly correlated, multiple indices should be considered in any study describing stream biodiversity. Second, despite the study was restricted to near-pristine streams, all indices showed considerable variation. Thus, this natural variability should be accounted for prior to the examination of anthropogenic effects on stream biodiversity. Third, landscape-catchment variables may have only limited value in explaining variability in biodiversity indices, at least in regions with no strong anthropogenic gradients in land-use.     

湖南省棉花害虫天敌昆虫名录

本文记载了湖南省棉花害虫天敌昆虫109种,隶属于5目25科,其中寄生性天敌昆虫50种,重要捕食性天敌昆虫59种。     

防虫网覆盖下气象因子的变化及相关分析

系统地进行大棚覆盖防虫网条件下光照强度、地表温度、空气温度、空气湿度、降雨、风力等气象因子变化研究,结果表明,夏秋除温度外,防虫网覆盖有利于改变其他环境因子,并提出相关完善措施.     

The ability of the pine-top weevil to carry spores and infect Scots pine with Endocronartium pini

The pine-top weevil Pissodes piniphilus is known to be often associated with trees infected with resin-top disease. In this paper, the ability of the weevil to carry Endocronartium pini spores in laboratory conditions and its ability to infect pines in the field were studied. The weevil may carry spores and cause infection in healthy pines.     

昆明世博园害虫及天敌调查与分析

2004年对昆明世博园昆虫进行了调查,鉴定标本15目69科158种,其中害虫77种,天敌昆虫30种,其它昆虫51种。确定世博园云南省新分布记录昆虫5种,其中4种为害虫。比较建园前后4个阶段的昆虫种类组成及变化,结果表明,自1999年建园以来,昆虫种类趋于增加,但害虫所占比例由建园前及开园时的67%以上降至目前48.7%。文章讨论分析了园区的害虫动态和管理问题,并提出害虫监测及生态控制建议。     

储粮害虫生物防治应用研究进展

分别在天敌昆虫、信息素、生长调节剂、生长抑制剂、苏云金芽孢杆菌、遗传防治方面，进行了储粮害虫生物防治应用与研究进展综述。提出开展绿色储粮工程，应推广储粮害虫生物防治技术。     

崆峒山昆虫群落及其多样性研究

崆峒山昆虫群落的组成及生物多样性调查研究结果表明:(1)崆峒山有昆虫16目,107科,466属,909种。鳞翅目、鞘翅目为优势目。有天敌昆虫9目、32科、70属、160种,其它种类昆虫与天敌昆虫之比为4.7∶1,天敌自然控制害虫的作用显著。还有一些具有经济、药用、食用、传粉、观赏价值的资源昆虫。鉴定出甘肃省记录种79种。(2)崆峒山昆虫丰富度指数变幅较大,种类和数量都占优势的鳞翅目丰富度指数最大,d=58.76;鞘翅目居第2位,丰富度指数d=30.26;丰富度指数的变幅为58.76;崆峒山昆虫的丰富度指数与优势度成正相关。     

高尔夫球场草坪的养护管理

高尔夫球场的养护主要包括草坪的水肥管理、病虫害管理等方面.针对这些问题提出了具体的养护管理措施,并拟定了高尔夫球场的周年管理计划.