昆虫氨肽酶N的研究进展

氨肽酶N(aminopeptidase N,APN)是一种偏好水解蛋白或寡肽N端中性氨基酸的酶,广泛分布于动植物中。在昆虫中,APN主要分布于中肠刷状缘膜上,涉及食物蛋白的消化以及Bt毒素对靶标害虫的作用。从APN的结构特征和分类地位、APN的分离纯化及其酶活性位点与结合位点的相关性、APN同工酶的区分特征及系统发育关系、APN同工酶的基因功能、不同APN同工酶在昆虫体内的分布及表达量、APN基因功能最新研究方法和结果以及APN与昆虫抗药性的关系等方面概述了昆虫APN的最新研究进展。鉴于昆虫体内受体的多样性、复杂性及当前研究手段的局限性,对APN功能的全面了解还有赖于研究方法的改进和提高而逐步深入。     

甲酸乙酯对米象不同虫态的熏蒸作用

针对储粮害虫抗药性日趋严重、粮食熏蒸剂品种越来越少的现状,采用密闭熏蒸法,系统研究甲酸乙酯（EtF）在不同条件下对米象Sitophilus oryzae（L.）卵、低龄幼虫、高龄幼虫、蛹以及成虫的致死作用.在25℃条件下以40和45μL/L的药剂浓度处理米象成虫12h,其校正死亡率分别为90.541%和99.324%;以30μL/L的浓度在19、25和31℃下处理24h,校正死亡率分别为83.108%、62%和42%,表明甲酸乙酯具有良好的速效性,且在相对低温时比在相对高温时熏蒸效果好.在20、25和30℃条件下,熏蒸处理米象成虫24h,其LC50分别为25.094、28.650和30.875μL/L;处理48 h时则分别为23.101、25.805和27.316μL/L.30g/m^3的甲酸乙酯熏蒸处理米象卵、低龄幼虫、高龄幼虫和蛹24 h,对应死亡率为96.930%、99.333%、97.768%和93.386%,表明甲酸乙酯对米象低龄幼虫的熏蒸效果最好,蛹和卵对甲酸乙酯具有较高的耐药性.     

Biodeterioration of historic timber structures: A comparative analysis

Abstract

Service life of timber structures in the north of Europe is decreased mainly by biological agents. Increasing risk of biological infestation due to global warming is widely discussed nowadays. Historic timber structures which have been monitored for decades provide us with valuable information on this subject. An investigation of the structures in the Kizhi museum, located in the northwest of Russia was carried out in the 1970s and in 2011–2012. Identification of wood-decay fungi that destroy constructive elements of seventeenth- and nineteenth-century monuments showed that the most frequent damages are caused by brown rot fungi. At the same time, imperfect fungi and ascomycetes which cause soft rot began to play a significant role in damaging historic timber structures. Borers (Hadrobregmus pertinax L. and H. confusus Kraaz) play the leading part in reducing the service life of seventeenth- and nineteenth-century heritage objects. During a forest inventory, some wood-borers not registered previously as timber structure pests in the Kizhi archipelago region (Republic of Karelia, Russia) were found. Twenty-seven species of foliose and fruticose lichens and ten species of crustose lichens were found on the monuments' structural elements.     

甘肃民勤连古城国家级自然保护区药用昆虫资源概述

介绍了甘肃民勤连古城国家级自然保护区药用昆虫31种,分属8目18科31种,占全国主要药用昆虫总数的12.97%,对其寄主、分布、药用部位、价值等方面进行论述,并就药用昆虫资源的现状和开发利用提出建议。     

四川果树3种根腐线虫新纪录

根据雌虫形成、对从四川的苹、梨和桃树根部采到的３种根腐线虫鉴定为Ｐｒａｔｙｌｅｎｃｈｕｓｇｉｂｂｉｃａｕｄａｔｕｓ，Ｐ．ｓｔｕｐｉｄｕｓ和Ｐ．ｔｙｐｉｃｕｓ，均为我国植物线虫新纪录。     

双低储粮虫螨群落组成研究

1990～1992年对四川合川和广安县小麦双低仓虫螨群落组成调查表明,腐食酪螨及书虱为粮仓虫螨群落优势种群。模拟双低储藏与实仓调查结果一致。     

仓外与粮面联合施药磷化氢环流熏蒸试验

利用高大平房仓环流熏蒸设备，进行仓外磷化氢发生器施药并结合粮面投药的环流熏蒸试验。结果表明仓外投药与粮面投药相结合的环流熏蒸能使磷化氢气体迅速达到有效浓度，而且达到浓度最高值的时间长，能保持较长的熏蒸时间，对粮堆内的害虫和试虫笼内的害虫均有良好的防治效果。     

气调对3种储粮害虫超氧物歧化酶和羧酸酯酶活性的影响

对４种浓度的ＣＯ２和Ｏ２组配气体筛选１１代的杂拟谷盗，玉米象和谷蠹成虫，测定其超氧物歧化酶和羧酯酶活性。结果表明，玉米象和谷蠹成虫，测定其超氧物歧化酶和羧酸酶活性。结果表明，玉米象和谷蠹两种酶的活性比对照都有提高，说明两种仓虫抗气性形成与这两种酶活性的提高有关。杂拟谷盗两种酶的活性都有所降低，说明该种仓虫可能存在其他增强抗性的机制。低氧对两种酶活性的影响较大。     

Red Oak Borer, Enaphalodes rufulus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), in the Ozark Mountains of Arkansas, U.S.A.: An Unexpected and Remarkable Forest Disturbance

A complex interaction of multiple factors has resulted in an oak decline event in oak-hickory forests of the Ozark Mountains of Arkansas and Missouri, U.S.A. The most striking feature of this situation is an unprecedented population explosion of red oak borer, a species of cerambycid beetle, Enaphalodes rufulus (Haldeman), which appears to be causing extensive mortality to mature red oaks (Quercus, subgenus Erythrobalanus). The insect is a native species, historically a minor pest of oaks, found throughout the eastern United States. Beetles normally reproduce in living oaks, as larvae initially feed in phloem tissue and subsequently bore into xylem where pupation occurs. The life cycle is two years in length and synchronous adult emergence occurs in odd-numbered years. Data from previous research indicate average attack densities of less than four per tree with a high of 71 on a single tree. Historical emergence densities are similarly low and the highest reported was 15 adults from one tree. Our research is concerned with understanding factors contributing to this outbreak; developing sampling methods for red oak borer; assessing oak mortality; and evaluating site and stand conditions associated with the current outbreak. Results of our initial sampling reveal dramatically higher average attack densities of 244 per m2 and emergence densities of 18 per m2 of bark surface area. We confirm a three-week period of adult emergence and activity during mid-June to early July. We also report on possible management responses by federal and state agencies to this remarkable epidemic and oak mortality crisis.     

海南益智传粉昆虫及其访花行为的初步研究

对海南省种植的益智访花昆虫种类、访花频次、时间及访花行为进行了初步研究。结果表明,益智访花昆虫有4个目(膜翅目、双翅目、鞘翅目、鳞翅目),7个科,13种昆虫,根据其访花频次及访花行为的观察,明确中华蜜蜂和大蜜蜂为益智的主要传粉昆虫。日活动规律观察表明,中华蜜蜂属于双峰型,访花高峰为9:00～9:30和16:00～16:30;大蜜蜂属于单峰型,访花高峰在13:00～13:30。