饲料中恩拉霉素的微生物学含量测定方法研究

研究并建立了微生物学法测定饲料中恩拉霉素含量的方法.饲料样品经酸性甲醇溶液提取,大孔吸附树脂层析柱吸附洗脱后,饲料中的恩拉霉素得到很好的分离纯化.本方法采用枯草芽孢杆菌为检验菌,饲料中恩拉霉素的最低定量限为0.5 mg/kg,标准曲线的线性范围为0.4～12.8 u/mL,相关系数R为0.999 1,回收率大于85%,RSD小于15%.该方法适用于饲料中恩拉霉素的检测.     

3S技术在有蹄类动物栖息地监测中的应用

3S技术是以遥感(RS)、地理信息系统(GIS)、全球定位系统(GPS)为基础,与其他高新技术有机地整合而形成一项新的有蹄类栖息地监测综合方法。全球定位系统(GPS)数据可以显著地提高RS识别地物的能力,为GIS提供数据源。应用地理信息系统(GIS)可以对有蹄类动物栖息地的状况进行评估,自动绘制有蹄类动物的分布图等。遥感(RS)是GIS数据库的数据源。3S技术在将来的野生动物栖息地监测研究中会有更大的发展潜力。     

新疆伊犁某牛场大肠杆菌耐药性调查

为了调查新疆伊犁某牛场饮水、饲料和粪样中分离的大肠杆菌对临床常用抗菌药物的耐药情况。本试验采用微量肉汤稀释法,对饮水源、饲料源、牛粪源样品中分离出的大肠杆菌进行最小抑菌浓度测定。结果显示,25份牛场饮水源样品,大肠杆菌分离率为100.0%（25/25）,对阿莫西林/克拉维酸（12.0%）、氨苄西林（4.0%）、诺氟沙星（4.0%）、恩诺沙星（8.0%）和安普霉素（8.0%）5种抗菌药物耐药;72份牛场饲料源样品,大肠杆菌分离率为65.3%（47/72）,对阿莫西林/克拉维酸（36.2%）、氨苄西林（19.1%）、诺氟沙星（4.3%）和安普霉素（4.3%）4种抗菌药物耐药;80份牛粪源样品,大肠杆菌分离率为100.0%（80/80）,对阿米卡星（12.5%）、氨苄西林（7.5%）、恩诺沙星（7.5%）、庆大霉素（5.0%）、诺氟沙星（2.5%）、环丙沙星（2.5%）、阿莫西林/克拉维酸（1.3%）和头孢噻呋（1.3%）8种抗菌药物耐药,仅对安普霉素敏感。该牛场分离的大肠杆菌对常用抗菌药物耐药情况一般,但中介率较高,须在临床治疗细菌性疾病中避免使用不敏感和中介率高的抗菌药物,养殖场饮水和饲料有被耐药大肠杆菌污染的风险。     

Establishment and Application of a Multiplex RT-PCR Assay for Detection of PEDV,TGEV and PRoV

In this study,a multiplex RT-PCR assay was established to differentially detect porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV),porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) and porcine rotavirus (PRoV) after optimization of the reaction conditions.Three pairs of primers PEDV-N,TGEV-M and PRoV-VP6 were designed for specifically amplifying PEDV N gene,TGEV M gene and PRoV VP6 gene,respectively.The assay could specifically amplify PEDV,TGEV and PRoV,but not classical swine fever virus (CSFV),porcine foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV),pseudorabies virus (PRV),porcine parvovirus (PPV) and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2).The detection limits of PEDV,TGEV and PRoV standard recombinant plasmids were 1.41×10³,1.41×10² and 1.41×10³ copies/μL,respectively.The repeated reaction under the same conditions obtained uniform results.The assay was used to detect a total number of 190 clinical samples,of which 42 (22.11%) samples were positive for PEDV,58 (30.53%) samples for TGEV and 34 (17.89%) samples for PRoV,and there were mixed infection among these viruses.The results indicated that this multiplex RT-PCR assay had the advantages of sensitivity,specificity and repeatability and provided a useful tool for differential detection and epidemiological investigation of PEDV,TGEV and PRoV.     

PEG胁迫下新疆地区狗牙根种子的萌发特性

为了解狗牙根(Cynodon dactylon)种质芽期抗旱性强弱,并筛选出适宜鉴定抗旱性的PEG浓度,分别对6份狗牙根种子在0、7.5%、15.0%、22.5%、30.0%PEG(质量比)胁迫下的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、胚芽长、胚根长、根芽比、苗重进行测定,并采用隶属函数法对其抗旱性进行了综合评价。结果表明,随着干旱胁迫的增加,狗牙根种质的发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数均显著降低(P0.05),且不同指标出现显著降低的PEG浓度并不一致;高浓度PEG抑制了狗牙根种质的胚芽长、胚根长、根芽比、幼苗重(P0.05),而低浓度对其影响不显著(P0.05);15%的PEG可作为狗牙根芽期抗旱鉴定的最适处理浓度;隶属函数综合分析认为,6份狗牙根的抗旱性由强到弱依次为Cd016Cd043Cd047Cd002Cd034Cd013。     

Evaluation of Joint Toxicity of Enrofloxacin and Three Antimicrobials on MRC-5 Cells

The aim of this study was to evaluate the combined toxicity of enrofloxacin with each of three antimicrobials (ciprofloxacin,florfenicol and sulfamethazine).MRC-5 cells were used as a cell model to simulate the damage of lung cells caused by mixed contamination of antimicrobials.Multiple concentration gradients and mixing ratios were set.CCK-8 method was used to determine the inhibition rate of cell growth caused by four antimicrobials and the inhibition rate of cell growth caused by enofloxacin mixed with three antimicrobials,respectively.Then Chou-Talalay method was used to fit the median effect plot and to calculate the combination index (CI) value.The results showed that the growth inhibition rates of MCR-5 cells caused by four single drugs went up in a step-like manner with the increase of drug concentration in the tested concentration range,among them,the growth inhibitory rate of MCR-5 cells by florfenicol was low (<4.5%).The combined toxicity of the three binary combinations showed a concentration-dependent and mixing-ratio dependence.Mixing enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin showed synergistic toxicity (CI<1) on MRC-5 cells at high and middle concentration groups,and antagonistic toxicity (CI>1) at the very-low-concentration groups.Mixing ciprofloxacin and florfenicol mainly showed an inhibited toxicity (CI>1).Binary combination enrofloxacin and sulfamethazine might present either a synergistic joint toxicity (CI<1) or an antagonistic joint toxicity (CI>1) as the concentration and mixing ratio changing.This study showed that it was necessary to assess the combined toxicity of antimicrobials in the toxicity evaluation of antimicrobials.Using Chou-Talalay method,the joint toxicity of multiple antimicrobials could be quickly and efficiently determined at cellular level.     

浅谈青海省高原鼢鼠防治

高原鼢鼠主要分布在青海省海拔2300m～4200m的林地,草地,农田等,是青海省主要的害鼠之一。．目前,主要的防治方法为弓箭捕捉法,受到很大的限制。今后应提倡生物控制和综合利用。     

猪流行性腹泻病毒研究进展

猪流行性腹泻病毒是引起猪腹泻的重要病原体之一,广泛流行于世界各地,造成了重大的经济损失。文章阐述了猪流行性腹泻病毒的分子生物学特点,概括了病毒的检测方法,并对近年来流行病学及疫苗的研发情况进行了综述,以期对猪流行性腹泻病毒研究提供帮助。     

黔东南土鸡不同醒抱方法的效果研究

为研究黔东南土鸡的醒抱方法,将刚进入抱窝状态的母鸡分成4个组,分别采用4种不同的醒抱方法进行试验。I组自然醒抱;Ⅱ组自由活动,加喂异烟肼;Ⅲ组采取隔离;lV组采取隔离,加喂异烟肼。结果表明：（1）醒抱时间：Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组比较,均差异极显著（P〈0．01）;Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组比较,差异不显著（P〉0．05）。（2）复产时...     

亚麻籽在动物生产中的应用现状

随着亚麻籽在食品工业和动物体内的广泛应用,人们对亚麻籽的研究已经成为热点。本文对亚麻籽营养成分、饲用方式及目前在动物生产中的应用现状进行综述,为未来我国进行此方面的研究提供理论基础。