基于PCA-GA-SVM的甘蔗收获机运行状态识别

由于甘蔗收获机在收获过程中智能化水平较低,依靠人工操作很容易对甘蔗收获机的运行状态产生误判,从而造成物流通道堵塞、能源浪费、收割效率低。针对这些问题,提出一种基于主成分分析(PCA)、遗传算法(GA)和支持向量机(SVM)状态识别模型。首先,通过实地采集甘蔗收获机刀盘轴、行走轴、切段轴和风机轴扭矩和行驶速度特征信息,然后通过PCA进行数据降维,最后利用GA优化参数C、γ,使用每个特性信息来训练SVM,对甘蔗收获机运行状态进行分类。结果表明:PCA-GA-SVM状态识别模型对甘蔗收获机运行状态的识别准确率为93.75%,建模时间为3.688 s,与SVM(81.25%,9.487 s)、PCA-SVM(87.5%,5.817 s)和GA-SVM(90%,8.969 s)进行对比,该模型具有最高准确识别率和最快建模速度,具有较大的应用价值。     

Combined use of optical and radar satellite data for the detection of tillage and irrigation operations: Case study in Central Morocco

The objective of this study is to present a new application of optical and radar remote sensing with high spatial (∼10 m) and temporal (a few days) resolutions for the detection of tillage and irrigation operations. The analysis was performed for irrigated wheat crops in the semi-arid Tensift/Marrakech plain (Central Morocco) using three FORMOSAT-2 images and two ASAR images acquired within one week at the beginning of the 2005/2006 agricultural season.The approach we developed uses simple mapping algorithms (band thresholding and decision tree) for the characterisation of soil surface states. The first images acquired by FORMOSAT and ASAR were processed to classify fields into three main categories: ploughed (in depth), prepared to be sown (harrowed), and not ploughed-not harrowed. This information was combined with a change detection analysis based on multitemporal images to identify harrowing and irrigation operations which occurred between two satellite observations.The performance of the algorithm was evaluated using data related to land use and agricultural practices collected on 124 fields. The analysis shows that drastic changes of surface states caused by ploughing or irrigation are detected without ambiguity (consistency index of 96%). This study provided evidence that optical and radar data contain complementary information for the detection of agricultural operations at the beginning of agricultural season. This information could be useful in regional decision support systems to refine crop calendars and to improve prediction of crop water needs over large areas.     

辽宁农田土壤墒情监测工作现状及发展对策

农田水情、土壤墒情是农业生产管理最重要的农情信息,对农业生产具有重要意义。介绍辽宁省近几年土壤墒情监测工作的现状,总结在工作中取得的成绩和存在的问题,同时重点阐明农田土壤墒情监测工作对农田灌溉和农业抗旱减灾的指导性作用,并提出墒情监测和旱情预报工作在未来农业生产管理中的发展对策。     

KRH-Ⅱ型智能固态微生物发酵成套装置的研制

以机械结构优化设计为基础,运用pH值、水分活度(湿度)、发酵温度等参数检测手段,结合模糊控制、神经网络以及多变量系统的解耦控制等多种智能控制方法,研究实现发酵过程多变量解耦的模糊神经网络控制技术,设计出一种从液体制种到灭菌、接种、混合、发酵、干燥和包装新概念的固态成套发酵装置.实际应用结果表明:固态发酵的快速灭菌、快速冷却、过程多参数信息调控与过程优化技术,大大提高了固态发酵设备机械化和自动化程度.     

轮胎刷子模型分析Ⅱ.稳态纵滑与纵滑侧偏刷子模型

基于弹性胎面和刚性胎体假设 ,分析了稳态条件下轮胎纵滑时印迹的纵向变形以及纵滑侧偏时印迹的纵向变形与侧向变形 ,分析了印迹区内有滑移时的稳态纵滑刷子模型和纵滑侧偏刷子模型的建模机理 ,讨论了纵向剪应力分别随制动力与驱动力的变化关系、纵滑侧偏时总切力分别与纵向和侧向分量间的矢量关系 ,以及纵滑侧偏刷子模型分别与纵滑刷子模型和侧偏刷子模型间的内在关系     

汽油机闭环反馈辅助控制系统解析

现代发动机电控系统属于微机控制系统,早期采用开环控制,现在大部分采用闭环控制.发动机电控系统可以控制燃油喷射、点火、怠速、排放、增压、进气、巡航等.文章详细介绍了发动机电控系统中两种闭环反馈辅助控制系统工作原理.     

Response of hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) to mulching practices under planted greenhouse condition

Mulch is considered a desirable management technology for conserving soil moisture, improving soil temperature and soil quality. This study aimed to investigate soil conditions and hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) performance in terms of leaf photosynthetic capacity, fruit yield and quality, and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) under such practices in greenhouse condition. A field experiment across 3 years was carried out with four types of mulch (without mulch [CK], wheat straw mulch [SM], plastic film mulch [FM], and combined mulch with plastic film and wheat straw [CM]). Mulch could improve soil physical properties regardless of mulch materials. FM and CM treatments improved soil moistures status and soil temperature in comparison to CK control, while SM increased soil water content and decreased soil temperature. Mulch increased leaf net photosynthesis rate (P_N), stomatal conductance to water vapor (gs), intercellular CO₂ concentration (Ci), and transpiration rate (E), but declined instant water use efficiency (WUEi). No significant effect of mulch application on chlorophyll fluorescence was existent for the entire growth season. Fruit yield and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) showed some increment under all the mulch conditions. Compared to CK, the yield was enhanced by 82.3%, 65.0%, and 111.5% in 2008; 38.1%, 17.4%, and 46.5% in 2009; and 14.3%, 6.5%, and 19.6% in 2010 under SM, FM, and CM conditions, respectively. Although FM produced better fruit quality than other treatments, CM is the recommended practice for hot pepper cultivation in greenhouse condition due to working well to facilitate soil condition (moisture and temperature), plant growth, and marketable yield.     

华南水土流失区崩岗侵蚀地貌系统分析

崩岗侵蚀是华南水土流失区最严重后种水土流失类型。崩岗由崩壁、崩积和冲（洪）积扇３部分,组成三者在发生上具有相关性,并且通过物质的输送和能量和转化共同组成一个完整的侵蚀地貌系统。崩岗侵蚀地貌系统的发育规模通常首先表现出一个Ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ增长过程,随后系统的演化可分持续发展、波动、稳定平衡、消亡４种趋势。     

Influence of soil water on stress–strain behaviour of a compacting soil in semi-arid Kenya

Depending on the top and subsoil textures, semi-arid soils exhibit cohesive and frictional properties that are associated with the relatively high soil strength, bulk density and penetration resistance. The objective of this study was to gain the knowledge of mechanical properties of the compacting chromic luvisols in order to improve the design of tillage tools. Therefore, we applied critical state soil mechanics to study the stress–strain behaviour of the luvisols using triaxial tests under laboratory conditions. Field investigations involved random collection of undisturbed soil samples which were subjected to triaxial testing first by isotropic consolidation and compression and then triaxial shearing. Plots of deviatoric stress against axial strain were made to determine the soil shear strengths at the critical states over different soil water levels and the two soil depths of 0–20 cm for the plough and 20–40 cm for the hard pan layers, respectively. An exponential model used to fit the deviatoric stress–axial strain test data accurately predicted the trends. Soil water significantly influenced the shear strength, cohesion (c′) and internal angle of friction (′) and hence the mechanical behaviour of the luvisols. The regression equations developed showed that c′ and ′ have quadratic relationships with soil water. The very high clay bonding strength in the subsoil (hard pan) layer resulted in high shear strength, bulk density and penetration resistance values for this soil layer. The increase in shear strength with decreasing water content affected the deviatoric stress–axial strain relationships between the upper and lower plastic limits of the sandy soil. Thus, as the soil dried, the soil ceased to behave in the plastic (ductile flow) manner and thus began to break apart and crumble. The crumbling was indicative of brittle failure. The transition stage from an increase to a decrease in c′ and ′ values with soil water occurred in the soil water content range of 6–10%. Knowledge of stress–strain behaviour of compacting soils is of practical significance in the design of appropriate tillage tools for the specific soil type.