Evaluation of Cassia fistula meal as a replacement for soybean meal in practical diets of Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings

This study was undertaken to determine the replacement value of Cassia fistula seed meal (CFM) for soybean meal (SBM) in practical diets of Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings. Five practical diets (350 g kg^?1 crude protein) containing 0 g kg^?1 (control), 170 g kg^?1 (diet II), 340 g kg^?1 (diet III), 509 g kg^?1 (diet IV) and 670 g kg^?1 (diet V) substitution levels of CFM for SBM were formulated and fed to triplicate groups of O. niloticus fingerlings (mean initial weight of 10.22 ± 0.03 g) for 70 days. Fish mortality increased linearly with increase in inclusion levels of CFM in the diet. Growth and diet utilization efficiency were depressed in fish fed diets containing CFM at varying inclusion levels. Feed conversion ratio, specific growth rate and protein efficiency ratio of O. niloticus fed on diet containing 170 g kg^?1 substitution level of CFM were similar (P > 0.05) to the control diet. Digestibility of the different diets decreased with increase in inclusion levels of CFM. Fish fed diet containing 670 g kg^?1 CFM had significantly lower carcass protein. However, no significant differences were observed in carcass protein and lipid contents between fish fed the control diets and diet containing 170 g kg^?1 CFM. The most efficient diet in terms of cost per unit weight gain of fish was obtained in 170 g kg^?1 CFM dietary substitution.     

大豆LAZ1基因家族鉴定与GmLAZ1-9基因的功能研究

通过在大豆基因组数据库中比对,获得大豆LAZ1基因家族成员,开展生物信息学分析与表达模式检测,并利用转基因拟南芥进行基因功能验证.结果显示:共鉴定到17个大豆LAZ1基因,即GmLAZ1-1～Gm-LAZ1-17.这17个GmLAZ1基因不均匀地分布在大豆的12条染色体上,在进化树上可分为3个亚家族,同一亚家族成员具有...     

Effects of dietary sodium butyrate on growth,diet conversion,body chemical compositions and distal intestinal health in yellow drum (Nibea albiflora,Richardson)

The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of sodium butyrate (SB) on the physical barrier function, pro‐inflammatory response and possible underlying mechanisms in the distal intestine (DI) of yellow drum when fed a high‐SBM diet. Three iso‐proteic and iso‐lipidic diets were formulated with fish meal (FM, the control), 45% fish meal protein replaced by SBM (SBM) and 45% fish meal protein replaced by SBM but supplemented with 0.15% SB (SBM + SB). Fish were fed twice daily for 10 weeks. Results indicated that SB supplementation significantly increased the specific growth rate (SGR) and feed efficiency ratio (FER) and methionine content of muscle when compared with those of fish fed the SBM diet (p < .05). The morphologic histology results showed that SB dramatically improved the physical barrier structure, characterized as increases of fold height (FH) and muscular thickness (MT) (p < .05). RT‐qPCR data were accordant with morphologic histology results, in which claudin 3, claudin 4 and occludin were increased while claudin 7 and myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) mRNA expression levels were decreased (p < .05). Sodium butyrate also exerted anti‐inflammatory function, which may be attributed to the suppression of nucleus p65 protein expression. Results suggest SB can be incorporated in high‐SBM diets to ameliorate the negative consequences of alternative dietary ingredients on yellow drum physiology.     

Effect of Diets Supplemented with Soybean,Flaxseed, or Menhaden Fish Oil on the Growth,Feed Utilization,Immune Status,and Sensory Properties of Channel Catfish in a Recirculating System at 22°C

Channel catfish feed intake and growth decline with temperature, but different dietary lipids might sustain performance during cool weather. Catfish at a suboptimal temperature (22°C) were fed 32% protein commercial floating pellets supplemented with 2% soybean oil (SBO), menhaden oil (MFO), or flaxseed oil (FLX). After 12 weeks, fish were counted and weighed, then health assays and proximate and fatty acid analysis of fillets were conducted. Weight gain, feed conversion ratio, and survival were similar among treatments, indicating limited potential of different lipids to improve growth at low temperatures. However, the favorable feed conversion ratios (FCRs; ≤1.6) indicated that feeding at 22°C was worthwhile to maintain good condition of catfish. Across diets, the unsaturated fatty acids in muscle lipids increased. The FLX and MFO both increased the n-3 HUFA in the fillet, but FLX was less effective. Unfortunately, both FLX and MFO reduced sensory properties of the fillet relative to the SBO control.     

Growth performance,muscle and liver composition,blood traits,digestibility and gut bacteria of beluga (Huso huso) juvenile fed different levels of soybean meal and lactic acid

The objective of this study was to assess the effects of fishmeal (FM) replacement with 0, 350 or 700 g/kg soybean meal (SBM) in combination with the supplementation of lactic acid (LA; 0, 10 or 20 g/kg) in the diets of juvenile beluga sturgeon (Huso huso; 700 ± 30 g). Nine isonitrogenous (400 g/kg protein) and isoenergetic (18 MJ/kg) diets were fed to beluga ad libitum, three times a day, for 60 days. The results showed that replacing FM with SBM without LA significantly reduced fish growth; on the other hand, LA supplementation had positive effects on fish fed diets that FM was replaced by SBM (p < .05). Increasing SBM in the diet altered the fatty acid profiles of the fish, reducing long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and the n‐3/n‐6 fatty acids. High amounts of SBM (700 g/kg) caused reductions in the haematocrit, glucose and cholesterol levels in the blood (p < .05). In addition, the digestibility of protein, fat, dry matter and phosphorus was reduced when replacing FM with SBM, however, adding LA to the diets increased fish performance (p < .05), and this improvement was sharper in 2% LA groups. The number of LA bacteria increased significantly with the dietary supplementation of LA (p < .05). Based on these results, replacing 350 g/kg of FM with SBM and adding 20 g/kg LA to their feed do not negatively affect the biological and physiological indices of beluga.     

Effects of replacing fish meal with soybean meal on growth,body composition and digestive enzyme activities of juvenile Chinese sucker,Myxocyprinus asiaticus

Six isonitrogenous diets (420 g kg^?1 crude protein on dry matter basis) with six levels of soybean meal (SBM) inclusion (0, 112, 225, 336, 449 and 560 g kg^?1) in substitution of fish meal (0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100%) were evaluated in Chinese sucker of 1.81 ± 0.01 g initial weight for 8 weeks. There existed a significant difference (P < 0.001) in fish weight gain, feed conversion ratio, feed intake, protein efficiency ratio and specific growth rate when the replacement level for fish meal protein was increased from 40% to 60%, indicating that up to 40% of fish meal protein could be replaced with SBM protein without causing reduction in growth and protein utilization. Lipid contents in the Chinese sucker body decreased significantly (P < 0.001) as dietary SBM increased. Digestive enzyme activities in the intestine and hepatopancreas of the fish were significantly different (P < 0.001) as the SBM protein replacement level was increased. Results of the present study appear to indicate that 40% FM can be replaced by SBM in practical feeds of Chinese sucker.     

黄河三角洲滨海湿地生态修复区春季土壤古菌和细菌群落结构探究

盐地碱蓬是黄河三角洲滨海湿地生态功能的起点和核心,其原生修复在土壤改良和微生物功能恢复方面的作用仍未可知.因此,本研究开展了盐地碱蓬修复土壤的细菌和古菌群落结构分析,借助理化性质检测和高通量手段进行了样品实验室检测.结果发现,滨海湿地土壤均呈碱性(pH=7.92～8.45),盐度含量较高(>30.98‰)且非植被区土壤...     

Full-fat soybean meal in diets for Atlantic halibut: growth, metabolism and intestinal histology

Isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets containing 0, 18 or 36% toasted full-fat soybean meal (FFSM) were fed to Atlantic halibut. The diets were fed to five tanks of fish each for 34 days (period 1). Four tanks from each treatment were then retained in the growth experiment for a further 32 days (period 2), while the groups of fish from one tank from each of the 0 and 36% FFSM groups were split and transferred to two metabolism tanks each. The initial weight of the fish in the growth trial was 169 ± 1 g (mean ± SEM, n =12; weight range 89–253 g) and the final weight was 317 ± 5 g. There was no significant effect of dietary treatment on specific growth rate (range, 0.8–1.1% day⁻¹), feed consumption (0.5–0.7% body weight day⁻¹), feed efficiency (1.3–1.6 g wet gain g dry feed⁻¹), protein retention (48–55%) or energy retention (49–57%). The fat, protein and energy concentrations in the fish increased during the trial and were not affected by the diet. The hepatosomatic index in fish fed with 36% FFSM diet was significantly lower (1.7%) than in the other groups (2.2%) ( P  < 0.05). No differences in intestinal morphology were observed between dietary treatments and no pathological reactions were identified in any of the samples. In the metabolism trial, there were no significant differences in oxygen consumption or ammonia excretion between fish fed with 0 and 36% FFSM diets. In conclusion, up to 36% FFSM may be added to diets for Atlantic halibut without negative effects on growth, feed efficiency or intestinal morphology.     

高水肥密植条件下大豆地上部干物重变化动态

在高施有机肥、地下亚表层灌水、窄行密植栽培模式下,对大豆合农60及对照品种垦丰16地上部干物质变化动态进行分析。结果表明:合农60荚干重增加明显,后期干物重积累迅速。在高水肥和小垄密植栽培条件下,窄行密植品种间存在差异,合农60为抗倒伏,适合于窄行密植的高产品种。     

酶解制备水溶性大豆多糖的研究

[目的]采用植物复合水解酶水解不溶性豆渣粉制备水溶性大豆多糖（SSPS）,研究最佳制备工艺。[方法]用3,5-二硝基水杨酸比色法测定总糖和还原糖,通过单因素试验研究料液比、pH、温度、酶添加量和水解时间对ssPs得率的影响,在单因素试验的基础上设计正交试验选出优化的因素组合。[结果]各因素对SSPS得率的影响大小依次为水解温度〉水解时间〉酶添加量〉pH,在料液比l：20（g：m1）、酶添加量1．2％、pH4．5、温度50℃、提取时间25h的最佳条件下,SSPS得率为8．89％。[结论]酶解制备SSPS工艺设备简单,条件温和,但是耗时较长。