湘南红壤区三种土壤水热状况的研究

 对同一地形和同一气候条件下湘南三种典型红壤的水热状况及它们的持水和渗透性质进行了研究。这三种土壤是：花岗岩母质发育的红壤、第四纪红土发育的红壤和紫色土。试验结果表明：第四纪红土发育的红壤持水性好，团聚度高，整个土体水分含量高，然而水分有效性低，渗透性好；花岗岩母质红壤则相反；紫色土则由于含有较多的块状物，因此渗透性也比较好。三种土壤的热量状况有很大的区别，紫色土在整个测定期间始终保持着较高的温度，而且温度的变幅大，花岗岩母质红壤的土体温度是三种土壤中最低的。植被影响土壤的水热状况，而水热状况又反过来影响作物的生长。     

草原樱桃新梢和果实生长发育动态的研究

对哈尔滨地区连续两年对草原樱桃３个品种的新梢和果实生长动态进行详细地观察测定。结果表明，草原樱桃新梢的生长一年中有两次明显的高峰，第１次为６月中旬，第２次为７月上旬，８月初形成顶芽停止生长；草原樱桃果实发育动态是典型的双Ｓ曲线，即分为第１次速长期、缓慢生长期、第２次速长期３个阶段。在果实采收前，横径生长明显快于纵径生长，同时鲜重也迅速增加；草原樱桃的新梢生长和果实的发育几乎同时开始，交替进行。     

丹顶鹤早期生长发育规律的初步研究

对 6只幼鹤 (初生及 1～ 1 3周 )的体重、体尺和 9只成鹤的体尺进行测定 ,将幼鹤体重、体尺测定结果拟合生长曲线方程 ,并与成鹤的体尺指标进行比较。结果表明 :幼鹤早期生长发育阶段可划分为 3个时期 :第 1时期 (0～ 2周龄 )是快速生长期 ,第 2时期 (3～ 7周龄 )是急速生长期 ,第 3时期 (8～ 1 3周龄 )是缓慢生长期。Logistic生长曲线方程能很好地拟合丹顶鹤早期的生长发育 ,拟合精度 (R2 )均大于 0 .9955。幼鹤 1 3周龄时各项体尺指标均达到成鹤的 86%以上 ,并呈现出体长较体宽发育快的特点     

不同海拔环境中藏鸡生长曲线及杂种优势分析

为研究藏鸡生长规律及生长性能杂种优势,测定了藏鸡、矮小隐性白肉鸡(低地肉鸡品种)及其杂交F1代在低海拔和高海拔环境中体重和胫长的生长数据,运用Richards模型拟合其生长规律。结果表明Richards比较适宜拟合鸡在高、低海拔环境中体重和胫长的生长模式,R2>0.99。高海拔环境会降低鸡的生长速度、拐点值、生长极限和最大日增长,延长拐点时间。藏鸡在低海拔极限体重、拐点体重和最大日增重分别为1008.3、477.9和11.69 g,在高海拔分别为525.0、229.5和5.12 g;分别降低了47.9%、52.0%和56.8%,但影响程度均低于低海拔品种矮小隐性白肉鸡,表现出高海拔适应性,其杂交F1代的体重生长参数有明显的杂种优势,尤其在高海拔环境中,极限体重、拐点体重和最大日增重杂种优势率分别达59.5%、56.8%和52.3%,是藏鸡杂交利用的良好组合。     

Origin软件在研究市售滴灌产品水力性能中的应用

滴灌是一种受到广泛关注的低压节水灌溉技术,滴灌产品作为承栽该技术的载体,其质量直接影响了滴灌技术的推广。通常那些制造偏差小、流量均匀度高、抗堵塞性能强、单位成本低的滴灌产品才能得到更广泛的应用。采用最小二乘法,使用origin软件对市售的4种主要滴灌产品压力一流量关系进行拟合计算,结果表明：使用该软件拟合的流量及水利性...     

Hydro-physical responses of gypseous and non-gypseous soils to livestock grazing in a semi-arid region of NE Spain

Pasture productivity depends on soil hydro-physical properties, which in turn are deeply affected by livestock grazing. However, the comparative response of different soil types, and particularly gypseous soil types, to grazing has hardly been studied before. This paper compares the effect of grazing on the soil hydro-physical properties of silty gypseous (Gy) and non-gypseous (NGy) soils located in a semi-arid region (Middle Ebro Valley, NE, Spain). Two different soil managements were selected: ungrazed natural shrubland (N) and grazed shrubland (GR) soils. The gypsum, CaCO₃ and organic matter content (OM), soil texture, soil bulk density (ρ_b), penetration resistance (PR), saturated sorptivity (S), hydraulic conductivity (K), and the water retention curve (WRC) for undisturbed soil samples from 1 to 10 cm depth soil layer were measured. The ρ_b and PR in NGy soils were significantly higher than those observed in the Gy ones. Soil compaction due to grazing treatment tended to increase ρ_b and decrease the K and S values. While no differences in PR were observed in the Gy soils between grazing treatments, the PR measured in the NGy soils under GR was significantly higher than the corresponding values observed under N. Differences in K and S between GR and N treatments were only significant (p < 0.05) in NGy soils, where K and S values under the N treatment were almost four times greater than the corresponding values measured under GR. Overall, no differences in the WRCs were observed between soil types and grazing treatments. While the WRCs of NGy soils were not significantly affected by the grazing treatment, Gy soils under N treatment present a significantly higher level of soil macropores than under GR treatment. The hydro-physical features of Gy soils tended to be less affected by grazing than those of the NGy soils. These results suggest that livestock grazing, in both Gy and NGy soils, has a negative effect on the physical soil properties, which should be taken into account by land managers of these semi-arid regions where silty gypseous and non-gypseous areas coexist.     

烟草花几何建模研究

为实现花冠联合植物的花朵几何建模,以烟草花为例,提出了一种基于球B样条曲线和参数曲面的花朵造型方法。通过对烟草花形态结构的观测分析,分别对雌蕊、雄蕊、花柄、花冠和花萼的几何形状进行了数学描述,提取了模型控制参数;结合颜色渲染色和整个花的拓扑信息,实现了烟草花整个模型的建立。实验结果表明,该方法可以有效地对烟草花进行模拟,可控性强,建立的模型有较高真实感,为其他花冠或花萼联合的植物几何建模提供了方法。     

滨海吹填土灌排工程改良效果研究

通过田间试验,对灌排工程改良措施改良滨海吹填土的效果进行了研究。结果表明,改良过程中排水工程从小区排出了大量的盐分,排出水矿化度从55.109g/L下降到5g/L左右。灌排措施下,300mm左右的淋洗水量能使0～40cm土层土壤脱盐率达到约65%,但不能使0～100cm土体整体脱盐;约700mm淋洗用水量能使0～100...     

非饱和重塑黏土在不同击实条件下的土水特征曲线试验研究

采用压力板仪对非饱和重塑黏土在2种不同击实条件下的土水特征曲线进行了研究。即对该重塑土样开展标准击实试验,在击实曲线上取同一干密度对应的不同击实含水率的试样和击实曲线上最优含水率处的试样,并通过增加击实次数,得到另外2种击实干密度的试样,对上述试样进行土水特征曲线测试,并采用常用的土水特征曲线模型Van Genuchten模型、Fredlund 3参数模型、Fredlund 4参数模型对实测试样的土水特征曲线进行了拟合,其拟合结果较好。研究发现,击实干密度越大,空气进入值越高,试样持水能力越强。击实含水率越大,试样可塑性越好,持水能力越强,空气进入值也越大。     

实时荧光定量PCR检测猪病料中的PRRSV与CSFV

根据GenBank发表的PRRSV、CSFV基因核苷酸序列,应用Primer 5.0软件分别设计了2对特异性引物.以重组质粒作为阳性标准品,应用SYBR Green I real-time PCR检测两种病毒的核酸含量.在样品稀释到10.1～10<'-11>拷贝时,能得出良好的线性关系,相关系数为R<'2>=0.999...