Survival and dispersal of a defined cohort of Irish cattle

An understanding of livestock movement is critical to effective disease prevention, control and prediction. However, livestock movement in Ireland has not yet been quantified. This study has sought to define the survival and dispersal of a defined cohort of cattle born in Co. Kerry during 2000. The cohort was observed for a maximum of four years, from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2004. Beef and dairy animals moved an average 1.31 and 0.83 times, respectively. At study end, 18.8% of the beef animals remained alive on Irish farms, including 6.7% at the farm-of-birth, compared with 48.6% and 27.7% for dairy animals respectively. Beef animals werae dispersed to all Irish counties, but mainly to Cork, Limerick, Tipperary and Galway. Dairy animals mainly moved to Cork, Limerick, and Tipperary, with less animals going to Galway, Meath and Kilkenny. The four-year survival probability was 0.07 (male beef animals), 0.25 (male dairy), 0.38 (female beef), and 0.72 (female dairy). Although there was considerable dispersal, the number of moves per animal was less than expected.     

不同雨强条件下坡度对坡地产汇流及溶质运移的影响

为了分析坡度对坡面产汇流和溶质运移的影响,以室内土槽为平台,采用人工模拟降雨实验,研究了坡度为5°,10°和15°,雨强为30,60和120 mm/h条件下植被坡地的入渗总量、坡面流流速、地面径流以及地面径流中Br-,NH4+和NO3-的浓度变化.结果表明,在其它影响因素相同的情况下,随着坡度的增大,坡面平均流速增大,地面径流总量增加,入渗总量减少、地面径流初始产流时间和径流终止时间均呈减小趋势,地面径流中Br-浓度变化不大,变化曲线几乎重合,NH4+浓度总体上呈递减趋势,且随着降雨强度的增大,这种递减趋势越显著,NO3-的规律性不明显.用幂函数关系可较好地拟合出坡面平均流速与坡度的关系.     

撒施肥料一维畦灌地表水流与溶质运移模型构建与验证

模拟撒施肥料下的一维畦灌地表水流与溶质运移过程可为采用先进的畦灌液体施肥方式提供对比依据。该文基于湍流理论垂向流速线性与对数分布规律及不可压缩流体力学连续方程,构造沿畦长及任意垂向断面的非均布流速场和溶质浓度场,建立起撒施肥料下的一维畦灌地表水流与溶质运移模型,并利用典型畦灌施肥试验结果,检验该模型的模拟效果。结果表明,建立的模型不仅具有在撒施肥料状况下较好模拟地表水流运动和溶质浓度时间变化过程的能力,还具备较佳的水量和溶质质量守恒性,从而为评价撒施肥料下的畦灌施肥系统性能及与其它施肥方式下的畦灌施肥系统性能对比,提供了实用的数值模拟工具。     

Assessment of movement patterns in Folsomia candida (Hexapoda: Collembola) in the presence of food

We showed that Folsomia candida (a blind soil-dwelling Collembola) was able to shift from non-directional (random or search strategy) to directional (target-oriented) movements at short distance of food. We measured departure from linearity and access (or not) to food by the springtail according to distance to the target position. Video-records and image analysis were used to obtain numerical data at 0.2 s interval. The probability of food capture within 10 min (maximum duration of the experiment) was negatively related to distance. Two patterns can be observed along successful trajectories in our experimental conditions (22 °C, ambient light, still air), non-directional movement being followed by directional movement when the animals approach food at 25 mm.     

气候变化对我国北方农牧交错带空间位移的影响

北方农牧交错带地理位置特殊,脆弱性、敏感性是其主要特点。气候变化背景下我国北方农牧交错带范围也发生了相应变化。文中参考已有的界限指标,结合北方农牧交错带及其周边地区(11个省、自治区及直辖市)208个站点1961-2010年的降水资料,确定新的界限指标划定北方农牧交错带的边界,并讨论其界限移动情况。经分析,北方农牧交错带大部分地区降水量呈减少趋势,气候变化对东部降水量影响较为明显,农牧交错带范围向东南方向移动,且南界移动幅度大于北界;北部西界向西移动约2个经度;同时我国北方农牧交错带范围增加约3.5×104Km2,这一变化趋势与实际土地利用模式下农牧交错带移动情况相反,因此当前农牧交错带地区的土地利用方式不利于该地区生态环境的可持续发展,使该地区生态环境问题更加严重。     

运用GM(1,1)模型预测建三江垦区地下水动态

地下水主要受天然因素和人为因素的影响.建三江垦区地下水利用程度较高,所以受人为因素的影响很大,基本上破坏了地下水在天然状态下的动态规律.为此,选择前进农场长观井资料,建立了GM(1,1)模型对其未来年份地下水埋深进行预测,为该区地下水合理开发利用提供科学依据.     

图书馆藏书搬迁工作的实践与思考

结合本馆搬迁的实际情况,从搬迁前的馆藏布局,在架图书的扎捆、下架,集中搬运及到馆图书的上架、整理等过程,探讨藏书搬迁工作及应注意的问题。     

群众运动的历史逻辑和运行机制 ——基于十八届四中全会精神的审视

十八届四中全会精神为从宏观的历史逻辑和内在的运行机制上研究群众运动提供了很好的理论工具。从历史逻辑上看，群众运动是“革命的遗产”，经过权威理论的论证后进一步巩固了合法性，这与认识和定位上的混淆、党的角色转型和工作方法转变不够自觉、党的领导与群众运动的关系扭曲、体制的一元化和高度集中等因素密切相关。从运行机制上看，群众运动本质上的意识形态化、取向上的否定性、动员体系的高度覆盖、参与者的归类和标签化、方向上的单向性、运行上的突变性、效果上的高效率、后果上的异化性，等等，都标示着群众运动的内在机制与外在特征，在新的时代背景下，我们应在治理、法治与群众路线的框架内对其进行扬弃。     

Otolith geochemistry in young‐of‐the‐year peacock bass Cichla temensis for investigating natal dispersal in the Rio Negro (Amazon – Brazil) river system

This study examined otolith geochemistry as a natural marker of natal origins in young‐of‐the‐year (YOY) Cichla temensis in the Negro River Basin of Brazil. We analysed trace element and isotopic composition of otoliths of YOY collected off spawning nests from the main stem and major tributaries. These were compared with regional bedrock geologic composition to explore underlying mechanisms of differences in otolith geochemistry. Our results suggest that spatial differences in otolith geochemistry can be used to distinguish natal origins based on ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, Sr/Ca and Ba/Ca ratios. This approach allowed us to correctly classify 99% of juvenile fish to their natal streams using cross‐validation in a linear discriminant function analysis (LDFA). Patterns of otolith isotopic composition correspond with patterns in regional geology as expected based on previously demonstrated correlations, although some fine‐scale spatial differences cannot be accounted for by available geologic information. These results demonstrate that otolith chemistry is valuable as a natural marker of natal origins in this system and suggest that inferences from geologic maps may be useful for interpreting movements based on otolith geochemical signatures. This information provides the basis for future work to investigate the early life history and spatial ecology of this important cichlid.     

Effects of β3 integrin on adhesion and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells induced by growth factor

AIM: To investigate the effect of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) on β₃ integrin gene expression and the role of β₃ integrin on adhesion, migration and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) induced by PDGF. METHODS: β₃ integxin gene expression was detected by RT-PCr. After β₃ integrin extracellular do-main was blocks, VSMC adhesio, migration and proliferation were measured by adhesion assay awound-culture model an [³H]-TSR incorporation respectively.RESULTS: After the interaction between β₃ integrin and extracellular matrix was blocked, VSMC proliferation was inhibited in some degree and the rate of [³H]-TdR incorporation into VSMC decreased 39%. The cell adhesion and migration were significantly inhibited when 10 mg/L anti-β₃ integrin antibody was added (P＜0.05). When VSMC were treated by PDGF for 6 hours, the expression of β₃ integrin gene was 87% higher than that of control. CONCLUSION: PDGF significantly induces expression of β₃ integrin gene in VSMC, and the interaction between β₃ integrin and ECM protein may play an important role in VSMC adhesion and migration.