Scale‐dependent effects of isolation on seasonal patch colonisation by two Neotropical freshwater fishes

The metapopulation paradigm has been central to improve the conservation and management of natural populations. However, despite the large number of studies on metapopulation dynamics, the overall support for the relationships on which the paradigm is based has not been strong. Here, we studied the occupancy dynamics of two Neotropical fishes (i.e., Pimelodella gracilis and Leporinus friderici) to investigate two fundamental premises of the metapopulation paradigm, that is, that isolation and area/habitat quality affect colonisation and extinction probabilities in predictable ways. In order to do this, we used a modification of occupancy models that allows modelling the probability of a site's occupancy as a function of the occupancy of its neighbourhood. We found a weak positive effect of neighbourhood occupancy on P. gracilis colonisation, which is consistent with the propagule rain metapopulation, that is, colonists arriving from outside the studied system. However, we found a strong negative neighbourhood effect on extinction probability, suggesting that declining populations from stream sections are rescued from extinction by neighbouring patches. In contrast, the effect of neighbourhood occupancy on the metapopulation dynamics of L. friderici was in the opposite direction, affecting positively colonisation but not affecting extinction rates, which is consistent with the classical metapopulation model. In addition, the occupancy dynamics of both species were affected by water velocity. To our knowledge, this is the first study to link directly dispersal to local population dynamics in Neotropical fishes, and one of the few studies doing inferences on spatial population dynamics based on direct estimates of neighbourhood occupancy.     

Review of the History Of International Communist Movement in Last Decade

进入21世纪以来,国内学者对国际共运史的研究取得了一系列新进展,主要表现在对十月革命进行了反思,提出了苏联解体的新观点,对国际共产主义运动中代表人物的思想有了不同看法,以及通过挖掘新材料得出新见解。随着中国特色社会主义事业的持续发展,有必要加大国际共运史研究。     

非对称型缓和曲线测设方法的探讨

通过对缓和曲线性质的分析 ,提出了几种计算非对称型缓和曲线的基本方法与原理 ,并给出设计非对称型缓和曲线的平曲线的要素及曲线主点里程计算方法及现场敷设方法。     

Experimental Study for the Movement of Liquid Droplets on the Surface with Gradient Surface Energy

By using the chemical vapor deposition (CVD), a surface with gradient surface energy is fabricated based on the treated silicon chip. The dodecyltrichlorosilane (C_(12)H_(25)Cl_3Si) and Octrytrichlorosilane (C_(8)H_(17)Cl_3Si) are used as the source of silanization. By using the measurement of sessile drop method, the surface with gradient surface energy was characterized by measuring the contact angle of small water which lied on the surface of the treated silicon chip. The experiment shows the liquid droplets are driven to move from hydrophobic to hydrophilic zone on the gradient surface which is placed horizontally, the diameter of the droplets are 1~3 mm, and the single droplet reached the maximum velocity of up to 0.9 m/s. Based on the experimental results, the mechanical of the movement of the liquid droplet on the gradient surface is researched.     

Gait Experiment on the Level Walking During Activities of Daily Living

The gait study is one of the focus researches of biomechanics of the human movement and recovery medicine. This paper concerning the gait experiment on the level walking during activities of daily living is presented.Tests that have been carrying out include straight line walking, circular arc walking and right angle turn whilst walking.Subjects are required to undertake these tests at their own natural walking pace and stride length and at three different walking speed carrying 10 kg load in his right hand or carrying no load, In addintion, the experimental facilities and method are also discussed.     

水涝胁迫对银杏内源激素和细胞溶质含量的影响

研究了水涝胁迫对银杏叶片中内源激素和细胞溶质含量的影响。研究结果表明,水涝胁迫使银杏叶片中GA1+3I、AA和ZRs含量明显降低,在受涝后的第35天时,银杏叶片中的GA1+3I、AA和ZRs含量分别降为7.13、3.27、9.67 nmol/g。正常情况下,银杏叶片中ABA含量在4.74~8.57 nmol/g,始终保持在较低水平,受涝后的第51、01、5、20、25天,银杏叶片中ABA含量分别为15.35、18.41、20.56、22.632、4.91 nmol/g,明显比对照高,且随胁迫时间的延长,增加的幅度呈上升趋势。水涝胁迫使银杏叶片中可溶性总糖、还原糖、蔗糖和脯氨酸含量增加,而使银杏叶片中淀粉和蛋白质含量降低。正常情况下,银杏叶片脯氨酸含量在22.21~30.08 mg/g,始终保持在较低水平,受涝后,银杏叶片中脯氨酸含量急剧上升。     

稀释液溶质和渗透压对鸡精液低温保存效果的影响

观察15种物质不同渗透压（300mOsm、400mOsm、500mOsm）对鸡精子低温保存的精子活力、生存指数、存活时间和30h精子畸形率的影响。结果表明,对鸡精子低温保存生存指数大于50的物质由高到低依次为果糖、甘露醇、谷氨酸钠、山梨醇和氯化钾;精子总存活时间大于120h的物质由高到低依次是果糖、甘露醇、谷氨酸钠、山梨醇、氯化钾、磷檬酸钠和乙酸钾;30h精子畸形率小于0．2的物质由低到高依次为L-谷氨酸钠、甘露醇、蔗糖、乳糖。渗透压分析结果表明,各指标均随渗透压升高而降低。在300mOsm时,30h精子畸形率、精子生存指数和存活时间均极显著高。     

胡麻脱粒清选装置作业过程仿真与试验

针对分段收获后胡麻脱出物形状差异小、混杂程度大、清选困难等问题,设计了胡麻脱粒清选装置。为提高胡麻脱粒清选装置作业效率,探究胡麻脱粒物料气流式清选机理,以装置气流清选系统为研究对象,分别建立清选系统CFD模型和胡麻脱出物DEM模型。采用CFD-DEM耦合仿真技术,通过研究各组分脱出物料的运动轨迹与空间位置分布,得出清选系统内胡麻脱出物分离规律,并进行验证试验,校验仿真模型可靠性。仿真试验表明,胡麻脱粒物颗粒在清选系统内气流场的作用下表现出较好的分离清选效果,同时,通过分析模拟试验所得到的胡麻脱粒物颗粒数量和平均速度变化曲线,探明了胡麻脱粒物料在分离清选作业过程中运移的平均速度和数量的变化规律。验证试验表明,该装置在最佳工作状态下作业后胡麻籽粒的清选损失率为2.78%,含杂率为2.23%,与仿真模拟胡麻籽粒损失率（2.05%）、含杂率（1.56%）相比,二者试验结果分别仅相差0.73、0.67个百分点,实际试验结果与仿真模拟结果吻合度较高,验证了模型的可靠性。     

Effects of human growth arrest-specific homeobox gene delivery on proliferation,migration and cell cycle distribution of vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: To explore a new gene therapeutic strategy for vein graft restenosis by investigating the effects of adenovirus-mediated human growth arrest-specific homeobox (Ad5-hGax) gene delivery on the proliferation, migration and cell cycle distribution of serum-induced rabbit vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). METHODS: The recombinant adenovirus vector containing hGax gene was constructed and transfected into rabbit VSMCs. The expression of hGax in VSMCs was detected by RT-PCR and immunofluorescent staining. Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay was used to assess the effect of hGax over-expression on serum-induced proliferation of VSMCs. Wound healing method was applied to examine the distance of serum-induce VSMCs migration. Flow cytometry was employed to analyze the cell cycle distribution. RESULTS: The recombinant adenovirus vector Ad5-hGax was successfully constructed. The results of RT-PCR and immunofluorescent staining revealed that the hGax -transfected cells contained a 174 bp specific fragment of hGax gene and target protein 48 h after transfection. The proliferation of serum-induced VSMCs was significantly inhibited by overexpression of hGax gene as compared with control group. The migration of serum-induced VSMCs was inhibited after hGax gene delivery. Flow cytometry showed that 72 h after serum induction, the cells in G₀/G₁ phase in Ad5-hGax group were significantly increased, whereas the cells in G₂/M+S phase were significantly decreased. CONCLUSION: Overexpression of hGax gene inhibits the proliferation and migration of serum-induced rabbit VSMCs, and arrests the cells in G₀/G₁ phase. It is likely that hGax gene is a potential target for the gene therapy of vein graft restenosis.     

中国稻谷生产的重心演变路径及偏移分析

本文利用1949-2009年全国31个省(市,自治区)稻谷种植面积、总产量及单产资料,分析全国稻谷种植面积重心、总产量重心以及单产重心的移动轨迹、偏移距离等。结果表明:(1)1949-2009年,稻谷种植面积重心、总产量重心,整体上均呈现出向东北方向移动的趋势。(2)稻谷单产重心偏移轨迹从东西方向来看,20世纪50、60年代先向东偏移,此后逐渐向西回归;从南北方向上来看,单产重心呈现波动上升、下降趋势,大约在33°N-34°N之间移动。(3)从重心总偏移距离来看,种植面积最小,总产量次之,单产最大;从偏移方向来看,三者均是向东北、西南方向偏移的年份居多,说明稻谷生产东北、西南方向的发展不平衡状态较西北、东南方向的严重。(4)稻谷种植面积和总产量在南北方向上的动态变化相对东西向的变化剧烈,而单产则是东西向的变化比南北向的变化剧烈。