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181.
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Dawn M. BROWNING Sheri SPIEGAL Richard E. ESTELL Andres F. CIBILS Raul H. PEINETTI 《农业科学与工程前沿(英文版)》2018,5(1):44
In water-limited landscapes, patterns in primary production are highly variable across space and time. Livestock grazing is a common agricultural practice worldwide and a concern is localized overuse of specific pasture resources that can exacerbate grass losses and soil erosion. On a research ranch in New Mexico with average annual rainfall of 217 mm, we demonstrate with a quantitative approach that annual seasons vary greatly and examine foraging patterns in Angus-Hereford (Bos taurus) cows. We define five seasonal stages based on MODIS NDVI: pre-greenup, greenup, peak green, drydown and dormant, and examine livestock movements in 2008. Daily distance traveled by cows was greater and foraging area expanded during periods with higher precipitation. A regression model including minimum NDVI, rainfall and their interaction explained 81% of the seasonal variation in distance traveled by cows (P<0.01). Cows explored about 81 ha·d−1 while foraging, but tended to explore smaller areas as the pasture became greener (greenup and peak green stages). Cows foraged an average of 9.7 h daily and spent more time foraging with more concentrated search patterns as pastures became greener. Our findings suggest that phenological context can expand the capacity to compare and integrate findings, and facilitate meta-analyses of grazing studies conducted at different locations and times of year. 相似文献
183.
Understanding solute transport behaviors of deep soil profile in the Loess Plateau is helpful for ecological construction and agricultural production improvement. In this study, solute transport processes of a deep soil profile were measured by a conservative tracer experiment using 25 undisturbed soil cores(20 cm long and 7 cm diameter for each) continuously sampled from the surface downward to the depth of 500 cm in the Loess Plateau of China. The solute transport breakthrough curves(BTCs) were analyzed in terms of the convection-dispersion equation(CDE) and the mobile-immobile model(MIM). Average pore-water velocity and dispersion coefficient(or effective dispersion coefficient) were calculated using the CDE and MIM. Basic soil properties and water infiltration parameters were also determined to explore their influence on the solute transport parameters. Both pore-water velocity and dispersion coefficient(or effective dispersion coefficient) generally decreased with increasing depth, and the dispersivity fluctuated along the soil profile. There was a good linear correlation between log-transformed pore-water velocity and dispersion coefficient, with a slope of about 1.0 and an average dispersivity of 0.25 for the entire soil profile. Generally speaking, the soil was more homogeneous along the soil profile. Our results also show that hydrodynamic dispersion is the dominant mechanism of solute transport of loess soils in the study area. 相似文献
184.
Relationships between individual movement,trophic position and growth of juvenile pike (Esox lucius)
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Marina J. Nyqvist Julien Cucherousset Rodolphe E. Gozlan J. Robert Britton 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2018,27(1):398-407
Variation in movement between individuals can have important ecological effects on populations and ecosystems, yet the factors driving differences in movement and their consequences remain poorly understood. Here, individual variability in the movements of juvenile (age 0 + and 1 + year) pike Esox lucius was assessed using passive integrated transponder (PIT) telemetry in off‐channel nursery areas over a 26‐ month period. Differences in the movement patterns of individuals were tested against their body sizes, ages, growth rates and trophic positions using data collected through a combination of catch‐and‐release sampling and stable isotope analyses. Results revealed that variation in movement between individuals was affected by age, with 1 + individuals moving more than individuals of age 0 + , but not length. Individuals whose TP was low on their initial capture event moved significantly less than those with a higher initial TP. Individuals that moved more grew faster and achieved a higher final TP. These results suggest that higher activity (i.e., increased movement) increases resource acquisition that enhances growth rates, which could ultimately maximise individual performances. 相似文献
185.
Habitat use and movement patterns of small (age‐0) juvenile Pacific bluefin tuna (Thunnus orientalis) relative to the Kuroshio
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Ko Fujioka Hiromu Fukuda Seishiro Furukawa Yaoki Tei Suguru Okamoto Seiji Ohshimo 《Fisheries Oceanography》2018,27(3):185-198
The habitat use of Pacific bluefin tuna (Thunnus orientalis; PBF) in nursery waters off the southern coast of Japan was investigated using archival tags over a 3 year study period (2012–2015), and the data were used to examine the free‐ranging habitat preferences of PBF and the relationship between their horizontal movements and the path of the Kuroshio off the Pacific coast of Japan. The path of the Kuroshio fluctuated seasonally, leading to changes in water temperature that strongly influenced the habitat use of small PBF (2–3 months after hatching). Most PBF were present in coastal waters inshore of the path of the current, and their habitat use changed in response to the distance of the current from the coast. The Kuroshio typically flowed along the coast from summer to autumn, and PBF remained in the coastal waters off Kochi Prefecture during this period. In contrast, PBF quickly moved eastward in winter when the current moved away from the coast. Throughout the winter and spring, the area of habitat use extended widely from the eastern end of the southern coast of Japan (the Boso Peninsula) to the offshore Kuroshio‐Oyashio transition region. These findings suggest that the seasonal habitat use and movement behavior of juvenile PBF are influenced by the distance of the Kuroshio axis from the coast, and the ultimate drivers are likely variations in oceanographic conditions and prey availability along the southern coast of Japan. 相似文献
186.
研究了贵妃枇杷茶水提取物(WGFT)对干预炎症及对小肠推进功能的影响。结果表明,与正常对照组相比,不同剂量组WGFT均能降低大鼠棉球肉芽肿的干重,其中高剂量组和中剂量组棉球肉芽的干重分别降低39.98%(P0.01)、40.02%(P0.01),低剂量组降低31.98%(P0.05)。高剂量组WGFT和中剂量组WGFT小鼠耳肿胀度与正常对照度相比明显减少,其中高剂量组的小鼠耳肿胀度降低30.55%(P0.01),中剂量组降低23.47%(P0.05)。研究还显示高剂量组WGFT和中剂量组WGFT对试验小鼠的肠推进率分别比模型对照组提高了87.19%(P0.01)、68.87%(P0.01)。研究证实贵妃枇杷花茶具有显著的干预急性炎症的作用,还能明显促进模型小鼠小肠运动能力,为后续枇杷花的开发利用提供理论支持。 相似文献
187.
黄河乌兰布和沙漠段沿岸沙丘形态及其运移特征 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
为更合理、精确地计算黄河乌兰布和沙漠段的入黄沙量,探明其对黄河沿岸植被造成的影响程度,以黄河乌兰布和沙漠段沿岸沙丘为研究对象,通过野外地貌调查、沙丘形态测量和遥感解译对其沙丘的形态特征及其运移特征进行了系统研究。结果表明:乌兰布和沙漠沿黄段沙丘以走向西南—东北的新月型沙丘和新月型沙丘链为主,沙丘剖面形态不对称,具有明显落沙坡;在发育过程中同时受到了西南风和西北风的显著影响,5年内以沙丘整体向河道推进为主,共移动19.45m,具有单向快速运移的特点,且沙丘不断向黄河侵袭,应采取措施予以遏制。 相似文献
188.
为了研究马铃薯挖掘机在收获过程中马铃薯在分离筛上的运动特性、改善马铃薯挖掘机工作性能、提高薯土分离效果及降低马铃薯的损伤,采用室内试验和室外试验研究的方法,对马铃薯在分离筛上的运动规律进行研究。利用红外高速摄像技术,采集室内和田间马铃薯在分离筛上的运动情况的数据。利用高速摄像分析软件(TEMA)对采集到的摄像数据进行处理,绘制出马铃薯的分离筛上的加速度时间历程曲线,总结出马铃薯在筛面上的运动规律。最终得出马铃薯在分离筛上的运动特性,为马铃薯收获机的分离筛参数的优化提供参考。 相似文献
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190.