农村人力资本非农化配置动因剖析与应对之策

运用规范研究的方法，从农村人力资本非农化配置现状分析入手，探讨农村人力资本非农化配置引起的不利于推进产业化和现代化、不利于农业产业结构调整和升级、不利于建设社会主义新农村等问题，进而从经济因素（留守农业、农村机会成本大；迁移收益与迁移成本比较）和非经济因素（传统就业心理；分享现代城市文明；追求更高的价值实现）来分析实现非农化配置的动力机制，并提出相关建议：建立农村人才评价体系和激励机制；改善农村就业环境；建立和完善农村社会保障体系，引导农村人力资本合理配置。     

贴体网格的生成与平面二维泥沙运动方程在贴体坐标区域中的变换

针对用平面二维泥沙模型求解不规则区域泥沙运动规律时常遇到的边界复杂问题,引入了贴体坐标的基本原理,推导并离散了贴体网格的生成方程,将泥沙运动方程及边界条件从物理区域向计算区域进行了一一对应转换,最后给出了平面二维泥沙运动方程在贴体坐标下的变换形式。     

大麦黄矮病毒外壳蛋白基因和运动蛋白基因酵母表达载体的构建

根据已知的大麦黄矮病毒GPV株系的外壳蛋白（Coat Protein CP）和移动蛋白（Movement Protein MP）基因序列合成了CP、MP基因的上下游引物。通过PCR扩增获得含有目的基因的片段，经过SalⅠ和PstⅠ双酶切、连接、转化、重组质粒的酶切鉴定及基因测序，构建了酵母表达载体pGBKT7-GPV-CP和pGBKT7-GPV-MP，用于在酵母双杂交分析中表达诱饵融合蛋白，为进一步筛选小麦cDNA文库内与大麦黄矮病毒互作的寄主因子、克隆寄主因子、推测其种类和功能奠定了基础。     

酸性化学污染物的运移与腐蚀对堤坝边坡长期稳定性的影响

已建工程的长期稳定性问题直接影响着工程的服务年限与安全性。由于近年来部分水资源的水质逐步恶化,而水质的恶化对岸坡工程安全性的影响已引起人们的密切关注。研究借助多孔介质渗流方程、污染物离子交换化学作用的浓度扩散方程、酸性污染物对土体抗剪强度的损伤演化方程,建立了酸性化学污染物运移与腐蚀对堤坝边坡长期稳定性影响的数值分析方法,并运用二维有限元分析了某河道污染物排泄口附近堤坝边坡的污染物随时间运移过程与稳定安全系数随污染物迁移程度变化情况。结果表明,由于酸性污染物的腐蚀作用,使堤坝边坡的安全系数减小明显,10年间下降了约10%。说明在污染源附近的重要堤坝边坡的长期稳定性不容忽视,应在实际工程中加强观测、及时补强。     

滴灌土壤水分运动研究进展

滴灌土壤水分运动的研究对于滴灌系统的合理设计有着重要的理论和现实意义。在国内外研究的基础上,概括了在滴灌条件下土壤水分运动规律及其影响因素、湿润体浸润形状、湿润锋的运移规律、点源入渗的几个经典模型及各自的优缺点等方面的研究现状。在此基础上,进一步探讨了滴灌土壤水分运动研究中还存在的问题,如滴灌点源交叉区域内的土壤水分变...     

Consequences of adult and juvenile movement for marine protected areas

Adult and juvenile mobility has a considerable influence on the functioning of marine protected areas. It is recognized that adult and juvenile movement reduces the core benefits of protected areas, namely protecting the full age–structure of marine populations, while at the same time perhaps improving fisheries yield over the no-reserve situation through export of individuals from protected areas. Nevertheless, the study of the consequences of movement on protected area functioning is unbalanced. Significant attention has been paid to the influence of certain movement patterns, such as diffusive movement and home ranges, while the impacts of others, such as density-dependent movements and ontogenetic migrations, have been relatively ignored. Here we review the diversity of density-independent and density-dependent movement patterns, as well as what is currently known about their consequences for the conservation and fisheries effects of marine protected areas. We highlight a number of ‘partially addressed’ issues in marine protected area research, such as the effects of reserves targeting specific life phases, and a number of essentially unstudied issues, such as density-dependent movements, nomadism, ontogenetic migrations, behavioral polymorphism and ‘dynamic’ reserves that adjust location as a realtime response to habitat changes. Assessing these issues will be essential to creating effective marine protected area networks for mobile species and accurately assessing reserve impacts on these species.     

The influence of water stress and air velocity on growth of Impatiens walleriana and Petunia × hybrid

Impatiens walleriana ‘DeZire’ and Petunia × hybrid ‘Tidal Wave’ were subjected to a combination of water stress and exposure to wind to evaluate the potential application of these treatments as an alternative to chemical growth retardation. Air velocities evaluated were 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.5, and 4.5 m s⁻¹ and irrigation treatments were either control or 45% water stress based on irrigation occurring when the weight of the plant (plant, pot and peat) was reduced by 25% (control) or 45% (water stress) of the initial weight. The experiment was repeated twice; once in spring and once in summer.     

季节性河道渗漏野外试验研究

为研究季节性河流大沽河河道的渗漏规律,以包气带水分运动理论为基础,在大沽河上、中游建立有代表性的试验场,进行野外现场入渗试验,研究不同包气带岩性下河道的入渗能力.结果表明:干涸河道入渗过程可分为非稳定入渗和稳定入渗两个阶段;包气带的水理性质影响着河床的入渗规律,大沽河河道上游的入渗率比中游的入渗率大,上游和中游南沙梁村...     

南疆铁路风沙流结构特征研究

通过对南疆铁路戈壁风沙流进行现场观测研究,提出了关于风沙流密度的计算方法,将大风所携沙粒定量化,解决了风沙运动研究中如何利用现场定时观测研究风沙流动态变化的技术难题.根据现场实测资料分析,揭示了南疆铁路风沙流密度随高度和风速的变化关系.从中可以看出,风沙流密度随高度变化显现斜"L"形,以3m高为分界点;而相对的风沙流密...     

Vertical advection of extracellular DNA by water capillarity in soil columns

The fate of extracellular DNA in the environment concerns both the fate of transgenes from genetically modified organisms and the evolution of active bacteria capable of incorporating this DNA into their genomes. This study addressed the possibility that DNA, like other organic molecules, could move vertically in the capillary fringe of groundwater aquifers. The targeted gene fragment used here was the 35S-nptII sequence, which was below detection levels in controls. Initial microcosm studies detected the DNA target molecule by PCR during the entire experiment. The vertical advection of water and DNA were monitored for a period of 3 days in soil columns. DNA was added as a water solution at the bottom of the unsaturated soil column, and then DNA-free water was added at the bottom after 12 and 24 h. After the addition of the DNA solution, capillary water rose 4 cm within the soil column and the target DNA was detected up to that height. After 60 min, the entire soil column (10 cm) was wetted and the target sequence was detected up to a height of 7.5 cm. After the second wetting (12 h later), the target sequence was detected up to the top of the soil column (10 cm). However, after the third wetting (24 h later), the marker sequence was only found at heights from 0.5 to 4 cm. Results clearly show the vertical movement of DNA due the capillary rise and suggest the possibility of DNA degradation within the soil column.