用大肠杆菌K99和F41菌毛抗原检测牛血清抗体的琼脂扩散试验的研究

用含２ｍｏｌ／Ｌ尿素的磷酸盐缓冲液以热处理方法提取的Ｋ９９和Ｆ４１菌毛作为抗原,对琼脂扩散试验方法进行研究。结果表明本试验方法简便,特异性强,敏感性高,可用于血清抗体检测;所制备的抗原稳定、重复性好。     

喀斯特山区不同土地利用方式下石灰土化学风化特性

研究喀斯特山区不同土地利用方式（耕地、荒草地、退耕还草地和林草间作地）石灰土剖面化学风化特征,探讨矿质元素在石灰土剖面的分布、迁移和富集特征,从不同土地利用方式下土壤风化度,元素淋溶度、迁移度和残积度的角度分析土壤化学风化特征。结果表明：喀斯特山区石灰土剖面氧化物含量以SiO₂、Al₂O₃、Fe₂O₃为主,其他氧化物含量相对较低,均属于中等变异元素,SiO₂、Al₂O₃、MgO含量以荒草地较高,CaO、Na₂O含量以林草间作地较高,Fe₂O₃、MnO、P₂O₅、K₂O以耕地较高;研究区土壤处于中等化学风化阶段,富铝化程度弱,不同土地利用方式下荒草地土壤化学蚀变系数较强,林草间作地土壤富铝化程度较高;研究区土壤K、Na、Ca淋失严重,荒草地盐基离子淋失明显,林草间作地盐基离子淋失程度相对较低;土壤Fe、Al相对富集明显,残积程度高,林草间作地Al含量积累明显,退耕还草地Fe含量富集显著;实施“退耕—还草”等增加植被覆盖度的治理模式对土壤的保护作用显著。     

Investigation of the Effects of a Dietary Supplement on Insulin and Adipokine Concentrations in Equine Metabolic Syndrome/Insulin Dysregulation

High insulin concentrations are a common clinical feature of equine metabolic syndrome (EMS) and insulin dysregulation. Hyperinsulinemia can induce laminitis, so reduction of insulin concentrations in response to an oral challenge should decrease risk. In human studies, diets containing a polyphenol (resveratrol) led to improvements in insulin sensitivity. In rodents, the addition of leucine to a resveratrol supplement caused a decrease in the amount of resveratrol needed to achieve a clinical effect. We hypothesize a supplementation with a low dose of a synergistic polyphenol and amino acid blend including leucine (SPB+L) would improve metabolic health in EMS/insulin dysregulated horses. Fifteen EMS/ID horses received a high or low dose of SPB+ L daily for 6 weeks. Insulin during an oral sugar test (OST), body condition score, weight, baseline high-molecular-weight (HMW) adiponectin, triglycerides, nonesterified fatty acids, and tumor necrosis factor alpha were assessed before supplementation (PRE) and after supplementation (POST) via paired Student’s t-tests and a repeated-measures mixed-model analysis of variance (significant at P < .05). There were no differences between doses. Horses in the POST group weighed significantly less, had significantly higher baseline HMW adiponectin concentrations, and had significantly lower insulin concentrations at 60- and 75-minute time points (P < .05). Insulin concentrations of the horsesin the POST group, but not in the PRE group, were lower and similar to results from the study conducted three years before the present study (PRIOR) for 0- and 60-minute time points (P < .002). An increased HMW adiponectin level supports increasing insulin sensitivity after supplementation. These results suggest that SPB + L supplementation at either dose leads to improvements in the clinical manifestations of EMS/insulin dysregulation, potentially reducing laminitis risk.     

刈割和封育对松嫩草原碱化羊草草地土壤跳虫群落的影响

应用类群数、个体密度和多样性指数等多个群落参数,研究刈割活动和围栏封育对松嫩草原碱化羊草草地土壤跳虫群落特征的影响.本研究共捕获土壤跳虫1 086只,分别隶属于8科18属.研究结果表明,围栏封育能够提高草地土壤跳虫的类群数、个体密度和多样性,其中个体密度提高最为迅速和显著;但长期刈割活动造成恶化的土壤理化环境对跳虫类群数量增长和群落食物网的复杂性与稳定性的提高制约是长期的;凋落物的存在与否对草地土壤跳虫群落有较大的影响,其中凋落物的累积有助于退化草地土壤跳虫群落的恢复,而凋落物的流失可能会使草地土壤跳虫群落进一步退化.     

The Survival of a Temperate vtx Bacteriophage and an Anti‐Verocytotoxigenic Escherichia coli O157 Lytic Phage in Water and Soil Samples

Verocytotoxigenic (vtx) Escherichia coli (VTEC) are zoonotic foodborne pathogens with the vtx operon encoded by lambdoid bacteriophage (phage). Despite much research on the host bacteria, similar data on the persistence of verocytotoxin converting phage and the ecological niches where transduction occurs are lacking and novel VTEC of important public health significance, have and continue to emerge. This study investigated the survival of a temperate vtx bacteriophage (24_B::kanamycin^R) in water (raw farm, pasteurized farm, laboratory tap and autoclaved purified water) and soil (sandy loam and loam soil). It also examined the persistence of an anti‐VTEC lytic phage (e11/2) in the same matrices as this may be one option for controlling the emergence of novel VTEC, especially in farm ecological niches where other control options, such as chemical, heat or high pressure treatments, are not feasible. Samples inoculated with 24_B::kanamycin^R and e11/2 bacteriophage (8 log₁₀ pfu/ml or pfu/g) separately were incubated at 4°C and 14°C, representative Irish Winter and Summer temperatures, respectively, and tested every 2 days for 40 days. The transduction of 24_B::kanamycin^R was also continuously assessed. Both phages survived with reductions observed, regardless of matrix or storage temperature. Moreover, 24_B::kanamycin^R was able to transduce its host E. coli strain. It was therefore concluded that aquatic and soil environments on farms may serve as a vtx phage reservoir and transduction point but anti‐VTEC phage is a possible biocontrol option.     

FP1株番鸭源禽Ⅰ型副粘病毒抗原性分析

为明确FP1株番鸭源禽Ⅰ型副粘病毒强毒与鸡新城疫强毒标准株F48E9之间的抗原性差异,本研究通过交互血凝抑制试验、血清交叉中和试验及雏番鸭免疫攻毒保护试验比较了FP1株番鸭源禽I型副粘病毒强毒与鸡新城疫强毒标准株F48E9之间的抗原性.结果显示同源阳性血清对病毒的血凝抑制效价比异源阳性血清对病毒的血凝抑制效价高2.66～4个滴度;两者之间的抗原相关值R为0.35;对于5日龄经肌注途径免疫接种1羽份量La Sota弱毒疫苗14d后的雏番鸭,以FP1株番鸭源禽Ⅰ型副粘病毒强毒、鸡新城疫强毒标准株F48E9分别攻击后,其保护指数分别为54.5、92.9.以上结果表明,FP1株番鸭源禽Ⅰ型副粘病毒与鸡新城疫强毒标准株F48E9存在较明显的抗原性差异,为鸭副粘病毒病疫苗的研制和该病的防控提供了依据.     

放牧对黑麦草＋白三叶混播草地植被构成的作用

通过4个放牧强度（轻牧、适牧、重牧和过牧,牧后草层高度分别为7.5、5.5、3.5和<2.0 cm）的轮牧试验,对黑麦草(Lolium perenne)、白三叶(Trifolium repens)混播草地土壤化学特性;黑麦草分蘖和白三叶匍匐茎、叶片数及其茎叶构成,牧草高度、生物量与植被构成进行系统研究。结果表明,土壤速效养分含量对放牧强度响应较大,稳定性较弱。随放牧强度的增加,黑麦草分蘖密度和叶片生物量显著增加,黑麦草分蘖质量和白三叶匍匐茎密度及牧草高度和生物量显著下降;黑麦草叶片数,白三叶叶片数、茎叶比和匍匐茎质量在放牧强度间无显著变化。放牧强度在降低黑麦草和白三叶生长特性整齐度的同时,增加其可塑性生长;黑麦草对放牧强度的响应比白三叶敏感,但白三叶的可塑性生长比黑麦草的高。鸭茅（Dactylis glomerata）和非播种植物种的生长特性在放牧强度内变异系数较大。综合分析认为,放牧对草地植被的作用体现于植物个体、种群和群落3个水平,播种的低组分禾草（鸭茅）和非播种禾草是混播草地植被构成变化的关键种。     

甘谷县生态环境建设综合治理项目效益评价

根据甘谷县生态环境建设综合治理项目区生态系统各组成要素的特点，运用效益指标体系，对该项目的生态、经济和社会效益进行了综合评价。结果表明：经过综合治理，项目区水土流失治理率达31．16％，林草覆盖度由14．81％提高到17．06％，年拦水212．73万m^3，拦泥105．04万m^3，保护植被1904．01hm^3，增加灌溉面积448．00hm^2，使土地利用率提高了37．40％，粮食产量提高了6．73％，人均收入由982．00元提高到1183．36元，年产值达3.60万元／hm^2，投入产出比达1：1．14，利润率为48．49％，生态、经济和社会效益显著。     

牛源多杀性巴氏杆菌主要荚膜群和脂多糖基因型两组三重PCR检测方法

为掌握国内牛源多杀性巴氏杆菌流行的主要荚膜群及脂多糖基因型,建立了检测多杀性巴氏杆菌(Pm)及其A、B荚膜群的三重PCR(PmAB-3PCR)以及检测3个脂多糖基因型的三重PCR(LPS-3PCR)方法,检验了其特异性和敏感性,用感染Pm小鼠的组织和人工污染Pm的牛鼻拭子样品进行了临床模拟检验,并对30株P m进行了PCR检测和传统血清学分型比较。结果显示:PmAB-3PCR特异性好,PmAB-3PCR和LPS-3PCR的DNA检测限分别为10~100 pg和1 ng,二者对菌液的检测限分别为200~2000 CFU和2000~20000 CFU。模拟临床样品PmAB-3PCR检测结果与细菌分离结果100%一致。PmAB-3PCR与琼扩试验的符合率为84%,二者检出的阳性率分别为88%和72%,差异不显著(P>0.05);LPS-3PCR与琼扩试验的符合率为60%,检出的阳性率分别为90%和50%,差异显著(P<0.05)。结果表明,建立的两组三重PCR方法准确高效且重复性好,可取代常规血清学方法用于国内牛巴氏杆菌病的诊断、流调和疫苗株筛选。     

隐性乳房炎试验(CMT)及防治方案

[目的]为找出陕西地区奶牛隐型乳房炎的临界点。[方法]采用生产上常用的乳房炎诊断方法,通过间接测定乳中体细胞数来诊断乳房炎的发生。[结果]找出体细胞数在47.46万以上时才依次表现出弱阳性、阳性、强阳性的特征。[结论]从而依据以上结果制定出两种方案用于预防和治疗乳房炎的发生。