四元联系数多因素态势排序分析法在谷子品种区试的应用研究

运用四元联系数多因素态势排序分析法综合评价了2005年国家谷子品种区域试验(华北夏谷区组)13个谷子品种。584为优良品种;528为优良偏良好品种;安1596较差。     

云南小麦资源创新种质的抗锈性与生态适应性鉴定研究

采用条中 2 8、2 9、30和 31号生理小种和来自云南小麦生产上流行的 12个叶锈菌 ,以人工混合接种鉴定和不同生态试点自然发病鉴定相结合的方法 ,对常规有性杂交、系谱选育成的创新小麦种质进行抗锈性和生态适应性鉴定。结果表明 ,小麦创新种质 YV98- 15、YV98- 16、YV98- 30 0 6和 YV98- 30 17对接种条锈病菌和不同生态试点的自然条锈病菌具有良好的抗病性 ,并有良好的生态适应性 ,可作为广适性和条锈病的抗源亲本利用 ;除德宏田麦和楚雄地麦生态型外 ,YV97- 32、YV98- 16、YV99- 10 19和 YV97- 12 14可用作叶锈病的抗源亲本利用 ;所有参试材料对各生态试点的秆锈病菌具有良好的抗性 ,可用作小麦秆锈病的抗源 ;丽江、昆明田麦生态型的条锈病菌 ,以及玉溪、德宏田麦和楚雄地麦生态型的叶锈病菌可能与接种病菌不同 ,存在新的致病类型或致病基因     

Weed infestation is affected by chickpea farmer demographics and agronomic practices

To investigate the effects of agronomic practices and farmer demographics on levels of weed infestation in chickpea fields, a survey was conducted during 2015 in Sanjabi district, Kermanshah, Iran. Two sets of data were collected: (a) weed sampling from the selected chickpea fields, and (b) questionnaire recording of farmer demographics and agronomic management. The farmers were asked about their residence status (resident or migrant), occupation (farming only, farming plus a second job), experience and education levels, as well as seedbed preparation, sowing date and method, source of seed supply, crop cultivar, sowing seed rate, weed control operation and crop rotation history. The results showed that weed species composition was similar across the studied fields. The use of a row crop planter, a sowing rate of 45 kg ha^‐1, and weed control resulted in 30.2, 23.03 and 34.2% reductions in weed infestation compared with hand sowing, a sowing rate of 30 kg ha^‐1 and lack of weed control, respectively. Weed density decreased with increasing farmer experience and decreased by 33.0% and 23.5% in chickpea fields of resident farmers and owners whose sole occupation was agriculture. We found that 89.5% of the most experienced farmers adopted weed control operations and most resident landowners (77.4%) opted for crop planter (77.4%) and weed control (90.3%) compared to migrant farmers (50 and 68.5%, respectively). More landowners who were exclusively farmers performed weed control (90.6%) than owners who had a second job (67.9%).     

扶桑绵粉蚧在4种水生蔬菜寄主上的适合度研究

本文对扶桑绵粉蚧Phenacoccus solenopsis在不同水生蔬菜上的适合度进行研究,以期为分析该害虫对我国水生蔬菜生产的潜在危害及综合防治提供理论依据。在室内用水芹Oenanthe javanica、慈姑Sagittaria trifolia、芋头Colocasia esculenta和莲藕Nelumbo nucifera 4种寄主植物叶片饲喂扶桑绵粉蚧,考察该虫各龄若虫的发育历期、存活率、成虫寿命及产卵量。以水芹为寄主扶桑绵粉蚧若虫的发育历期最短,为(26.67±0.64)d;以莲藕为寄主,若虫的存活率及成虫的产卵量均为最低,分别为(55.56±1.92)％和(116.95±24.73)粒;以芋头为寄主,雌成虫的寿命最短,仅为(12.60±6.43)d。扶桑绵粉蚧在4种水生蔬菜寄主上的内禀增长率的高低顺序依次为水芹＞慈姑＞芋头＞莲藕。扶桑绵粉蚧在4种水生蔬菜寄主上的适合度不同,其中,水芹最适合扶桑绵粉蚧的生长发育和繁殖。     

社会规范、生态认知与农户地膜回收意愿关系的实证研究——以环境规制为调节变量

文中利用新疆697位农户的调查数据,以社会规范为前因变量,生态认知为中介变量,环境规制为调节变量,构建有调节的中介模型,研究了社会规范对农户地膜回收意愿的影响路径。结果表明:(1)社会规范对农户地膜回收意愿有显著的正向影响;(2)生态认知在社会规范和农户地膜回收意愿之间起部分中介作用;(3)环境规制中的经济补贴和经济惩罚正向调节"社会规范—生态认知—地膜回收意愿"过程的后半路径和生态认知的中介作用,而宣传教育的正向调节作用不显著。研究丰富和完善了农户地膜回收意愿影响路径,对践行农业清洁生产、推进地膜污染治理具有重要的启示作用。     

社会信任、奖惩政策能促进农户参与农药包装废弃物回收吗?

文中基于江苏省实地调查数据,通过无序多分类Logistic回归模型,实证分析了社会信任、奖惩政策对农户农药包装废弃物回收意愿及行为产生偏差的抑制作用。调查及研究结果表明,农户虽具有较高回收意愿,但缺乏自主回收行为,两者存在较大偏差。农户间人际信任、制度信任程度每提高一个单位,农户回收意愿和行为正一致的概率分别提高7.22%和10.0%,产生悖离和负一致的概率分别下降4.74%、8.51%和2.47%、1.51%。农户在有奖惩政策地区比没有的地区回收意愿与行为正一致的概率提高8.95%,负一致和悖离的概率分别下降10.5%、1.69%。另外,社会信任对农药包装废弃物回收政策的实施效率具有调节效应。在绿色化生产中,奖惩政策是影响农户亲环境行为的首要因素,但社会信任的引导与约束也是必要的,政策强制性制约的同时也要重视社会信任等非正式制度的影响。     

甜菜品种适应性鉴定分析

在新疆两个最主要的甜菜产区南疆的焉耆和北疆的伊犁4个县市进行3个甜菜品种适应性生产试验,结果显示,KWS7125在4个点块根产量74.88～101.96t/hm2,变化幅度在17％以内,比较稳定;含糖14.58％～16.53％,含糖比较高,变化幅度在1.00度内,比较稳定;该品种在不同地区块根产量和含糖都比较高、变动幅度较小,说明对不同地区适应性较强,综合表现很突出.KWS0143块根产量85.86～89.21t/hm2,变化幅度1.9％,变动非常小;含糖13.90％～14.80％,变化幅度在0.50度之内,变化非常小;该品种生长势强,丰产性好,抗病性强,适应性很好,表现很稳定,是一个很稳定的优良品种.KWS2409是新疆种植面积最大的主栽品种,是新疆甜菜区试的对照品种,在4个点块根产量77.22～106.81t/hm2,变化幅度17％,其含糖13.41％～15.74％,变化幅度在1.20度,变动幅度比较大;该品种丰产性突出,但在不同地区块根产量和舍糖变动幅度较大,不同地区适应性并不突出.     

引种金花茶组植物的适应性与繁殖试验初报

将原产广西的4种金花茶组植物引种到广东省江门市。结果表明:凹脉金花茶引种后生长正常;金花茶种子的发芽率最高可达80%;金花茶和细叶金花茶使用1 000 mg/L的NAA处理12 h后扦插生根率较高,最高可达95%;金花茶和平果金花茶在10月上旬的嫁接成活率高于3月上旬,最高可达80%。初步说明广东省江门市引种金花茶是可行的,繁殖试验为金花茶在该地的规模化繁育奠定了基础。     

Human Influence on Banj Oak (Quercus leucotrichophora,A. Camus) Forests of Central Himalaya

The present study suggests that the impact of human-induced small-scale disturbances (lopping of branches and leaf litter removal) adversely impacts the functioning of banj oak (Quercus leucotrichophora, A. Camus) forests of Central Himalaya. Significantly higher (p < .001) biomass stocks, carbon sequestration rates, soil carbon, leaf area index (LAI), litter fall, and faster litter decomposition rates were observed in least human influenced (LHI) forests as compared to moderately human influenced (MHI) forests and highly human influenced (HHI) forests. Three replicate forest stands of each category were selected for the observation. The study is used as a background to suggest alternative strategies to conserve the forests, taking into account the social and economic concerns of the village community.     

Experimental study on adaptability of well pattern using sandstone plate model with ultra-low permeability

Because the porous flow state is difficult to be simulated by one-dimensional cores and two-dimensional sand filled models,this paper proposes a method of making large-scale natural outcrop flat model and defines two parameters to evaluate adaptability of different well pattern on the ultra-low permeability sandstone flat model. With natural sandstone plate model,production of different well patterns in homogeneous oil reservoirs is simulated. A concept of pressure sweep efficiency and deliverability index for researches on adaptability of well patterns are put forward. Through experiments,plane pressure gradient field of different well patterns under different drawdown pressures are measured,and then seepage areas of the models are divided into immobilized seepage area,nonlinear seepage area,and quasi-linear seepage area,with the help of small core nonlinear seepage curve. Experiments show that adaptability of inverted nine-spot equilateral well pattern is better than those of inverted nine-spot rhombus well pattern and rectangular well pattern. With the increase of drawdown pressure,deliverability index of all well patterns increases,immobilized seepage area reduces,and quasi-linear seepage area expands. At the same time,nonlinear seepage area of inverted nine-spot equilateral well pattern reduces,while those of inverted nine-spot rhombus well pattern and rectangular well pattern fluctuate as expanding first and then reducing.