杉木单染色体的显微分离及体外扩增

染色体微分离及体外扩增是传统细胞生物学和现代分子生物学相结合而发展起来的一项新技术.自1981年Scalenghe等[1]首次在果蝇唾腺染色体上取得成功后,该技术很快在人及动物分子遗传学研究中得到广泛应用,并取得很多重要的结果.     

钻孔灌注桩竖向承载力浅析

介绍了钻孔灌注桩竖向承载力常用的确定方法 ,并对各种方法做出了简单的评价 ,指出了各种方法的局限性和适用条件。可以为设计人员在桩基设计中提供有价值的参考。     

塞罕坝林场主要树种一元立木地径材积表的编制

本文根据塞罕坝林场4个树种(樟子松、落叶松、白桦和山杨)的胸径、地径调查材料,利用胸径、地径之间存在的显著直线相关关系,分树种建立经验方程,求算出各径阶的胸径、地径对应值,通过一元立木材积式,导引出一元立木地径材积式(表)。     

Use of genomic recursions and algorithm for proven and young animals for single‐step genomic BLUP analyses – a simulation study

The purpose of this study was to examine accuracy of genomic selection via single‐step genomic BLUP (ssGBLUP) when the direct inverse of the genomic relationship matrix ( G ) is replaced by an approximation of G ^?1 based on recursions for young genotyped animals conditioned on a subset of proven animals, termed algorithm for proven and young animals (APY). With the efficient implementation, this algorithm has a cubic cost with proven animals and linear with young animals. Ten duplicate data sets mimicking a dairy cattle population were simulated. In a first scenario, genomic information for 20k genotyped bulls, divided in 7k proven and 13k young bulls, was generated for each replicate. In a second scenario, 5k genotyped cows with phenotypes were included in the analysis as young animals. Accuracies (average for the 10 replicates) in regular EBV were 0.72 and 0.34 for proven and young animals, respectively. When genomic information was included, they increased to 0.75 and 0.50. No differences between genomic EBV (GEBV) obtained with the regular G ^?1 and the approximated G ^?1 via the recursive method were observed. In the second scenario, accuracies in GEBV (0.76, 0.51 and 0.59 for proven bulls, young males and young females, respectively) were also higher than those in EBV (0.72, 0.35 and 0.49). Again, no differences between GEBV with regular G ^?1 and with recursions were observed. With the recursive algorithm, the number of iterations to achieve convergence was reduced from 227 to 206 in the first scenario and from 232 to 209 in the second scenario. Cows can be treated as young animals in APY without reducing the accuracy. The proposed algorithm can be implemented to reduce computing costs and to overcome current limitations on the number of genotyped animals in the ssGBLUP method.     

植物生长调节剂GGR8在寒富苹果栽培上的应用

通过对绿色植物生长调节剂GGR8号在寒富苹果栽培上的应用进行的试验研究,结果表明:GGR8能够提高寒富苹果的品质,20、40、60 mg·kg-1等3种施用浓度在新梢生长量、含糖量、硬度方面均比对照有所提高,尤以60 mg·kg-1的施用浓度应用效果最好,其新梢生长量达到了36.7 cm,比对照增加9.3 cm;单果质量达到了240 g,比对照增加了95 g;含糖量达到了15%,比对照提高3个百分点;硬度达到了9.5 kg·cm-2,比对照增加了1.1 kg·cm-2。     

对行式油菜薹有序收获机设计与试验

针对油菜薹机械化有序收获装备缺乏的问题,设计了一种对行式油菜薹有序收获机,完成油菜薹对行、夹持切割、柔性输送、有序铺放等收获环节。阐述了收获机整机结构和作业过程,根据切割、输送和铺放过程中油菜薹的运动学和动力学分析,确定了单圆盘切割器、夹持输送装置和导流板等部件的结构和运行参数,解析收获机参数对切割损伤率和铺放角变异系数的影响规律。研制对行式油菜薹有序收获机样机,以机器前进速度、切刀转速、输送带速度和导流板倾角为试验因素,以切割损伤率和铺放角变异系数为评价指标开展四因素三水平Box-Behnken田间试验。利用数据分析软件Design-Export 10建立试验指标与因素之间的二次多项式回归模型,分析各因素对试验指标的影响规律;求解切割损伤率和铺放角变异系数优化模型,得出最优参数组合为：机器前进速度0.5 m/s,切刀转速910 r/min,输送速度0.75 m/s,导流板倾角49°。验证试验表明,较优参数组合条件下切割损伤率为4.95%,铺放角变异系数为9.55%,与预测值之间的相对误差小于5%,能够满足油菜薹有序收获需求。     

优质鲜食糯玉米杂交种虞珑糯1612的选育与应用

虞珑糯1612是江苏省常熟市农业科学研究所、常熟市农业科技发展有限公司选育的优质鲜食糯玉米单交种,其母本da11和父本wd11y均是自选自交系;该品种食用口感软糯香甜、色泽美观;2018年、2019年参加江苏省糯玉米新品种区域试验、2020年进入江苏省糯玉米新品种生产试验并完成试验程序,2021年4月通过江苏省农作物品种审定委员会审定。     

基于响应面法的粘质沙雷氏菌BRC-CXG2发酵培养基优化

为了将粘质沙雷氏菌（Serratia marcescens）应用在松墨天牛（Monochamus alternatus）防治上,对粘质沙雷氏菌的培养基配方进行了优化。通过单因素试验筛选粘质沙雷氏菌发酵培养基的碳源、氮源和无机盐,利用Plackett-Burman试验设计确定3个主要影响因素,通过最陡爬坡试验,结合Box-Behnken Design试验设计及响应面分析法优化培养基组成成分,获得培养基最佳配方与发酵条件：葡萄糖23.27 g·L^-1、蚕蛹粉22.37 g·L^-1、酵母粉10 g·L^-1、硫酸镁2 g·L^-1、磷酸氢二钠3 g·L^-1,氯化钠2 g·L^-1;在28 ℃、150 r·min^-1条件下发酵36 h,装液量体积分数为50 mL/250 mL,接种量4.73 %,pH 7.1~7.3。最后,根据最优培养条件验证发现优化后培养基中生长的菌落数为6.0×10⁹ cfu·mL^-1,是初始培养基的9.42倍,与模型预测值相符。研究结果为粘质沙雷氏菌的发酵生产提供了理论基础,为松材线虫病（pine wilt disease）的防治提供了新的途径。     

基于响应面法的棉秆压捆试验研究

针对棉秆压缩打捆密度低、压缩打捆装备可靠性差等问题,采用设计的棉秆压捆试验平台,将棉秆含水率、棉秆切断长度、棉秆喂入量和压缩活塞压缩频率作为试验因素,以压缩活塞端面压力、压缩室压力和棉秆压捆密度作为试验性能指标进行棉秆压缩打捆单因素和中心组合试验,建立各试验因素和试验性能指标之间的回归方程,确定各试验因素对性能指标的影响规律,并进行优化计算,对优化结果进行试验验证。结果表明:棉秆压缩打捆的最优组合为棉秆含水率30%,棉秆切断长度25 cm,棉秆喂入量2.15 kg/s,压缩活塞压缩频率110次/min,压缩活塞端面压力13.84 kN,压缩室压力3.36 kN,棉秆打捆密度145.83 kg/m~3,为棉秆压缩打捆机械的设计提供理论指导。     

Identification of the putative ancestral allele of bovine single‐nucleotide polymorphisms

Identifying the action of natural selection from patterns of standing genetic variation has long been of interest to the population genetic community. Thanks to the availability of large single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data sets for many species and of high‐throughput SNP genotyping methods, whole‐genomic surveys to detect selective sweeps are now possible. Knowing the ancestral allele increases the power to detect selection. We present here a comparative genomic approach to determine the putative ancestral allele of bovine SNPs deposited in public databases. We analysed 19 551 488 SNPs and identified the putative ancestral allele for 14 339 107 SNPs. Our predicted ancestral alleles were in agreement with ancestral alleles detected by genotyping outgroup species for 97% SNPs from the BovineSNP50 BeadChip. This comparison indicates that our comparative genomic‐based approach to identify putative ancestral alleles is reliable.