高效节水灌溉管道流量计算原则初探

对于管网优化及投资分析来说,最不利情况下的水力条件不是普遍条件,不能够完全代表管网应当有的优化假定条件。通过管道控制灌溉面积来确定管道的流量,按照满足在一天内,管道控制的所有灌水器都灌溉一次的原则确定,并给出公式。让管道的流量这一重要参数,在高效节水灌溉工程优化和设计计算中变得简单并容易计算。     

基于玻璃化转变的稻谷变温热风干燥工艺研究

为保证稻谷干燥后品质、提高干燥效率,基于不同含水率稻谷的玻璃化转变温度,提出变温热风干燥工艺。采用三因素五水平中心组合试验方法,以稻谷温度、初始含水率和热风风速为影响因素,以稻谷爆腰指数、整精米率和干燥时间为评价指标,研究稻谷玻璃化转变温度、恒温和变温干燥特性,模拟解析稻谷干燥过程中传热传质规律,以5、10、15℃的变温幅度进行变温干燥试验。结果表明,稻谷玻璃化转变温度与其含水率呈负相关,恒温干燥最佳工艺参数为稻谷温度47℃、初始含水率22.0%、热风风速0.50 m/s,干燥后稻谷爆腰指数70、整精米率57.67%、干燥时间195 min;与恒温干燥相比,以5℃和10℃为变温幅度的变温干燥工艺,干燥后稻谷爆腰指数分别降低了20和10,整精米率提高12.6、7.7个百分点,干燥时间缩短30 min和60 min。研究表明,基于玻璃化转变的稻谷变温热风干燥工艺明显改善了稻谷干燥后品质,提高了干燥效率。     

Unravelling the relationship between a seasonal environment and the dynamics of forage growth in grazed swards

It is well reported in the scientific literature that pastures can have similar net forage accumulation when managed with contrasting structures. However, we hypothesized that the dynamics of forage accumulation in grazed swards is linked to seasonal-environmental conditions. Marandu palisadegrass (Brachiaria brizantha [Hochst. ex A. Rich.] was used as the forage species model. The experimental treatments were four grazing heights (10, 20, 30 and 40 cm) allocated to experimental units according to a randomized complete block design with four replicates and evaluated throughout four contrasting environmental seasons (summer, autumn, winter–early spring and late spring). Under rainy and warm periods, greater net forage accumulation was observed in pastures maintained taller; on the contrary, during the mild and dry periods, net forage accumulation rate reduced as grazing height increased. Such patterns of responses were related to compensations between tiller population density and tissues flows during summer and late spring and the reduced capacity of taller canopies to compensate lower population with greater growth rates during autumn and winter–early spring. Grazed swards changed their patterns of forage growth as they transitioned from favourable to more abiotic stressful conditions, suggesting that seasonal adjustments in grazing intensities are necessary in order to maximize forage production.     

虚拟实验在水产动物生理学中的应用

水产动物生理学虚拟实验采取人机交互方式实施实验,已用于课堂实验教学,在提高动物生理学实验教学效果、增强学生学习兴趣、培养学生理论联系实际的能力等方面取得了显著效果。     

层状粘性土壤水分动态新模型的应用

根据Ｍｏｌｄｒｕｐ等提出的运动平均斜率模型,对重粘土,轻粘土,粉质粘土和壤土及前３种粘性土壤所松成的层状介质中的水分,在入渗条件下的运动进行了数值模拟。     

Cervical thymoma originating in ectopic thymic tissue in a cat

Abstract: An 11‐year‐old female spayed domestic shorthair cat was referred to The Ohio State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital (OSU‐VTH) for evaluation of a 6 × 4 × 3.5 cm mass in the left midcervical region causing increased respiratory sounds and lateral deviation of the trachea. A fine needle aspirate of the mass was obtained before referral and the cytology results were compatible with a reactive lymph node. Immunocytochemistry showed increased numbers of CD3+ T lymphocytes and small numbers of CD20+ and CD79a+ medium to large lymphocytes. Differential diagnoses from the referral pathologist were T‐cell‐rich B‐cell lymphoma and feline Hodgkin's‐like lymphoma. A subsequent fine needle aspirate performed at the OSU‐VTH showed similar results. On flow cytometry the majority of cells were CD3+ T lymphocytes that were double positive for CD4 and CD8 (73%), compatible with either a double‐positive (CD4+CD8+) T‐cell lymphoma or lymphocytes from ectopic thymic tissue. The mass was surgically removed. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry of the mass revealed a predominant population of CD3+ small lymphocytes and small numbers of medium to large lymphocytes with moderate anisocytosis and anysokaryosis. A population of cytokeratin‐positive epithelial cells surrounded small microcystic structures filled with eosinophilic material and structures interpreted as Hassall's corpuscles. These findings were consistent with thymic tissue and a diagnosis of ectopic thymoma was made. PCR results for lymphocyte antigen receptor rearrangement (PARR) were negative. The cat had no evidence of disease 16 months after removal of the mass. To our knowledge this is the first report of an ectopic cervical thymoma in a cat. The clinical and diagnostic features of this unusual case will be useful in helping veterinarians and pathologists obtain a presurgical diagnosis and establish a prognosis for similar lesions.     

蜗壳断面形状及叶轮位置对蜗壳式轴流泵性能的影响

根据速度系数法设计了1种对称的“马蹄形”断面蜗壳和2种非对称的 “圆形”断面蜗壳与相同的轴流泵叶轮组合,并基于标准k-ε模型封闭的雷诺平均方程,应用 ANSYS CFX 14.5 软件,对设计的3个蜗壳式轴流泵内部的三维流动开展数值模拟.当采用“马蹄形”蜗壳时,设计流量点的扬程和效率最低,蜗壳内部压力分布不如非对称的圆形断面蜗壳均匀.选择水力效率相对较高的蜗壳,将4种轴向位置不同的叶轮与该蜗壳组合,并进行三维流动数值模拟,结果表明:叶轮出口与蜗壳进口中间平面距离40 mm时,轴流泵效率最高,叶轮出口与蜗壳进口中间平面距离80 mm时,轴流泵效率最低.此时,过流段和蜗壳内有明显回流和旋涡.轴流式叶轮与蜗壳的相对位置对蜗壳轴流泵的扬程-流量曲线和效率-流量曲线都有明显的影响.     

甘蔗切割器螺旋提升机构输送性能分析与改进

为改善甘蔗收割机物流系统的堵塞问题,以切割器螺旋提升机构为主要研究对象,通过仿真模拟分析与试验研究手段,探讨了摩擦系数等因素对甘蔗物流堵塞的影响,通过UG和ADAMS建立虚拟样机仿真模型,仿真结果表明,增大螺旋的摩擦系数可以提高甘蔗的输送速度,减少甘蔗平均滞留时间。高速摄影试验表明,螺旋选用摩擦系数大的轮胎胶作为覆盖层时、当切割器转速在750 r/min左右时,甘蔗的滞留时间较原钢筋螺旋缩短了17%左右,可以改进切割器物流系统堵塞问题。基于上述机理,设计了平面螺旋结构,其与甘蔗的接触方式由原来的点接触变为线接触,仿真分析表明,面宽为20 mm的螺旋与原圆柱型螺旋相比,甘蔗滞留时间缩短了32%,说明平面螺旋可以有效地抑制前端输送系统的堵塞现象;适当加宽螺旋提升机构的面宽有利于减少甘蔗滞留时间,单位时间内甘蔗输送更快、更稳定。该研究为后续试验研究及物理样机的改进设计提供了参考。     

水泵水轮机不同导叶开口的驼峰特性

为研究水泵水轮机在不同导叶开口下的驼峰特性,对某一电站水泵水轮机模型水泵工况进行试验,得到不同导叶开口下的驼峰特性曲线,结果表明随着活动导叶开口减小,在低负荷区水泵工况扬程越高,扬程趋势越陡,同时驼峰现象更明显,但是驼峰区域变小.在试验研究的基础上,对该模型进行三维实体建模,并进行网格划分,采用SST k-ω模型、标准k-ω模型、RNG k-ε 模型和标准k-ε模型分别对19 mm活动导叶开口下各个工况点进行数值模拟,最终确定SST k-ω湍流模型能够较好地符合试验结果.分别选取13,19,25 mm活动导叶开口进行数值模拟,得到水泵工况的扬程、力矩和效率与流量的关系曲线,与试验结果对比,其变化趋势一致.针对19 mm活动导叶开口低负荷工况点、驼峰区工况点、最优工况点和超负荷工况点进行流动特性对比分析,表明驼峰特性与转轮流道内和固定导叶部分流道内的流动分离及旋涡有关.     

基于相态图像在线检测的RCP轴封内流场试验研究

为了研究反应堆冷却剂主泵动压轴封异常工作状态、验证第三级副密封所处工况条件,开展了轴系温度分布仿真分析.采用微型内窥装置在线获取三级低压泄漏流相态图像,对所得图像进行数值化处理;采用Sobel边沿检测算法求取图像边沿化后的均方差,实现了基于内窥图像的主泵轴封低压泄漏流相态的在线监测.通过提高密封第三级泄漏背压,改善浮动...