珍稀植物楠木的地理分布及潜在分布区的预测

以植物地理分布与气候变化间的关系为研究基础,通过MaxEnt模型,应用贡献率、置换重要值以及Jackknife检验、主成分分析,模拟研究影响楠木Phoebe zhennan地理分布的主要因子,分析楠木在当前的地理分布格局,并预测未来楠木在中国的潜在分布格局.结果表明,采用MaxEnt模型预测其潜在适宜分布区准确度极高,...     

华北南部低丘山地刺槐林土壤温度与冠层气温关系的研究

土壤温度是大气与陆地表面水热循环共同作用的结果,受实际气象条件、地形、土壤质地、地表植被类型及冠幅、土壤水分等诸多因素的共同影响,因此,相对于气温,土壤温度的观测和资料获取更加复杂和繁琐.目前,土壤温度资料的获取手段主要为野外实测,包括气象台站的日常观测及基于特定科研需要的试验观测,但目前气象台站的观测数据通常是离散的,在空间上不连续,难以满足生产和研究工作的需求[1].     

异龄林的生长动态研究

以线性为基础的矩阵模型和非线性模型,一直都被相互独立地用来模拟林分的生长动态。本文在矩阵模型的基础上,提出了异龄林的三单元非线性生长模型,并分别以线性矩阵模型和非线性矩阵模型对林分的生长动态进行了预测。结果表明,非线性模型与矩阵模型的联合使用,具有结构严谨和精度高的优点,不失为一种预测林分生长动态的有效方法。文中所用材料来自长白山林区的红松(Pinus koraiensis)针阔混交林。     

森林资源动态变化预测模型

本文给出了不等间隔时序数列的CM(1,1)模型,并对广西融水县森林资源动态变化进行了预测。预测结果比较理想,模型精度97.2％,从而为森林资源部分数据更新提供了一个新方法。     

马尔可夫链模型在森林资源预测中的应用

应用马尔可夫链建立了鄂西三峡库区森林资源时空变化预测模型。预测结果表明：库区到2010年时林地面积达到830165hm^2,比目前增加4022hm^2,到2030年前后达到相对稳定状态,林地面积达到834638hm^2,比目前约增加10495hm^2,比现有林地增加12．7％。达到稳定状态时,森林资源总体结构与目前相比不会发生根本性改变,林地覆盖率由目前的46．8％增加到62．4％,林地质量和生产潜力都有所提高。     

基于灰色马尔可夫模型的黑龙江省对日贸易额预测

为了提高黑龙江省对日贸易的预测精度,对灰色系统和马尔科夫理论进行研究分析,建立黑龙江省对日贸易额灰色马尔可夫预测模型。该模型融合灰色系统与马尔科夫理论的特点,可以大大提高预测精度。在实例应用中,建立贸易额GM（1,1）灰色预测模型,在获得预测值和残差检验的基础上,将原始数据划分为3个状态,计算状态转移概率,利用灰区间中位数建立贸易额灰色马尔可夫预测模型,对黑龙江省对日贸易额进行预测,将预测的结果与GM（1,1）的进行比较,结果表明,灰色马尔可夫预测模型不仅可以预测贸易额,而且其预测精度明显高于GM（1,1）预测。     

用随机发育模型预测马尾松毛虫的发生期

用马尾松毛虫各龄虫口密度的定期调查资料和积温资料,拟合Logistic随机发育模型,结果表明,该模型能精确地描述马尾松毛虫第1代1～6龄幼虫的发育进程。对各龄虫口的时间分布,模型预测值和观察值的吻合程度达90%。对模型参数进行比较表明,除了温度(积温)以外,还有另外一些因素影响着马尾松毛虫的发育进程。     

A jack pine survival model for spring-lifting and planting delays in Ontario

The general problem of developing a model capable of exploring the survival response of seedlings to tradeoffs in the timing of spring lifting, planting and cold storage was investigated. After the construction of an overall model framework, one general and three specific functions to predict first-year survival for batches of 2 + 0 jack pine seelings were developed. The independent variables required by the functions include: cold storage duration (days), average air and soil temperature during planting (°C), cumulative degree days at time of planting (°C), ratio of terminal-to-top length at time of lifting, and cumulative degree days at time of lifting (°C). A brief example of the type of use to which such functions could be put, and an indication of the expected level of confidence that may be placed in such a prediction, is presented. The survival functions developed in this study were not designed for widespread use throughout the Province of Ontario. At most they should be limited to 2 + 0 jack pine planting stock originating from Swastika Nursery, and planted nearby.Approved for publication as Journal Article No. J-7315 of the Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station, Mississippi State University.     

Promotion of the population growth of pinewood nematode in 4-month-old Japanese black pine seedlings by pretreatment with simulated acid rain

Simulated acid rain (SAR) at three pH levels (pH 4, 3, 2) was applied to only the top or both the top and roots of 4-month-old Japanese black pine seedlings repeatedly for two months. Then the seedlings were inoculated with a virulent isolate (S10) of pinewood nematode,Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. The exposure to SAR at any level did not kill the seedlings. When inoculated with nematodes, however, the nematode population build-up was significantly higher in the seedlings pretreated with SAR at any level than in the control at the 7th and 17th day after inoculation, and subsequent disease symptom development was also significantly accelerated by the exposure to SAR at pH 2 and 3. This result indicates that even acid rain at pH 4 has the potential for promoting population growth of pinewood nematodes in 4-month-old Japanese black pine seedlings.     

应用积分GM(1,1)模型进行杉木炭疽病预测预报的研究

以积分生成代替传统的累加生成方法 ,并用双向差分建立积分GM (1,1)灰色预测模型进行杉木炭疽病预测预报的研究 ,结果表明积分GM (1,1)模型能较好地预测杉木炭疽病在三明市的发生