Experimental oral transmission of largemouth bass virus

Largemouth bass virus (LMBV) is a recently discovered iridovirus that causes a fatal disease of largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides (Lacepède). Fish can become infected by waterborne LMBV, but oral transmission of this virus has not been demonstrated previously. Largemouth bass were gavaged with guppies, Poecilia reticulata Peters, which had been injected with LMBV, and then sampled periodically during a 7‐week observation period. The dose of LMBV averaged 10^5.6 tissue culture infectious doses – 50% cytopathic endpoint (TCID₅₀) per largemouth bass. Five of 24 largemouth bass exposed to LMBV became infected with the virus, but none of the fish had clinical signs typical of LMBV disease. Virus titres in largemouth bass were highest in swim bladder (10^5.5–9.5 TCID₅₀ g^?1) and were 10^5.2 TCID₅₀ g^?1 or lower in cutaneous mucus, head kidney, trunk kidney, spleen, gonad and intestine. These results indicate that LMBV can be transmitted orally to largemouth bass, but further study is needed to determine the factors affecting pathogenicity of the virus.     

不同植物对煤矿废弃地土壤重金属富集转化规律

于2008~2009年采取吉林省九台营城煤矿废弃地的复垦土和矸石土作为种植土壤,分别于试验小区内种植黄花草木樨(Melilotus officinalis Lam.)和紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.),研究植物不同营养器官对煤矿废弃地土壤重金属的富集转化规律。结果表明,两种植物对不同土壤重金属的富集能力不同。复垦土种植条件下,黄花草木樨的叶和茎、紫花苜蓿的根和叶对Zn、Cd、Ni和Cu富集能力较强;矸石土种植条件下,黄花草木樨的叶对Ni、Cd及Cu的富集能力较强,根对Zn的富集能力较强,紫花苜蓿的叶对4种重金属的富集能力均较强,且茎对Cu和Ni、根对Zn也存在一定的富集能力。     

串珠镰刀菌素的培养提取及对鸡的免疫病理损伤

从广东某饲料厂所用玉米上分离到串珠镰刀菌,并将该菌株接种玉米面,在25℃培养10d,转4℃培养7d,再转25℃培养10d的条件下,进行产毒培养。培养物灭菌干燥后采用乙腈-水(95∶5)提取串珠镰刀菌素(MON),并用薄层色谱验证和高效液相色谱测定提取物MON含量;将提取的MON按照23mg/kg加入试验组雏鸡饲料中,进行毒性试验,测定试验鸡免疫器官胸腺、法氏囊、脾脏指数及血清中一氧化氮的含量。结果表明:试验组比对照组鸡的胸腺、法氏囊及胸腺指数显著降低(P<0.05),血清中NO含量极显著升高(P<0.01)。     

The consensus oligonucleotide competitive binding with NF-κB inhibits TNF production

AIM:To investigate whether a consensus oligonucleotide, which contains nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κB) binding site, decreases TNF production stimulated by lipopolysaccharide(LPS).METHODS:The thiophosphoric acid modified oligonucleotides were transferred into rat peritoneal macrophages directly, TNF content in LPS-stimulated cell culture supernatant was determined by ELISA.RESULTS:Adding the consensus oligonucleotides with NF-κB binding site into macrophages markedly decreased TNF production following LPS stimulation.CONCLUSION:These results show that use of the consensus oligonucleotides with NF-κB binding site, which can combine with NF-κB, can block or decrease TNF production induced by LPS in macrophages.     

Characterization of the digestive tract of wild ayu

ABSTRACT: The gut and gut contents of ayu Plecoglossus altivelis caught in the Ohta River in Hiroshima prefecture, Japan were examined. Relative intestine length (intestine length/body length) was almost constant. Except for relative intestine length, characteristics of the gut of wild ayu were not significantly different from those of cultured ayu. The height of intestinal folds increased and their width declined from stomach to anus. Cyanobacteria ( Homoeathrix sp. and Calothrix sp.) and diatoms ( Cymbella sp., Gomphonema sp., Melosira sp., Navicula sp., and Synedra sp.) were well digested during passage through the gut despite a lack of apparent destruction. In contrast, green algae ( Dictyosphearium sp., Coelastrum sp., and Pediastrum sp.) exhibited little degradation. The pH of stomach contents ranged from 2.8 to 7.4 (mean ± SD = 4.1 ± 1.0), whereas that of the posterior intestine was 7.0–8.5 (7.9 ± 0.4). Gut contents of wild ayu increased with bodyweight, and were more than threefold greater than those of cultured ayu, suggesting that wild ayu compensate for low nutrient content of algae through the continuous ingestion of large quantities of feed organisms.     

外来植物“丝克高粱”营养器官的解剖学特征

对"丝克高粱"外部形态和营养器官根、叶进行解剖研究及子实的颖片和叶表皮进行扫描电镜观察。结果表明:丝克高粱与"假高粱"营养器官的内部结构非常相似。在理论上丝克高粱有成为危险性有害生物的倾向。研究结果还进一步为正确鉴别假高粱和丝克高粱提供了重要依据。     

犬空肠替代尿道术的研究

采用自体器官移植的思路，探索用自体部分带蒂空肠代替尿道的手术方法，以解决实际中动物因尿道结石、尿道损伤等所致的自身尿道无法正常排泄尿液的情况。经过术后观察，犬的各项生理指标均趋于正常。结果表明，此段带蒂空肠可存活，并可代替尿道，保证机体正常的尿液排泄，为犬的尿道再造术提供了一种新的方法。     

采用Extracellular Flux Analyzer方法测定植物线粒体能量代谢

线粒体是植物进行呼吸和能量代谢的主要场所,但目前关于线粒体能量代谢的测定方法较为繁琐,亟需一种快速有效测定线粒体能量代谢的手段。本研究采用Extracellular Flux Analyzer(Seahorse Bioscience,America)方法对玉兰(Magnolia denudata)花部器官线粒体代谢情况进行测定,并对测试技术进行改进。通过直接测定氧气消耗速率,进而检测组织细胞内的线粒体呼吸速率和能量代谢。采用该方法对同一组织样品进行多次测量,测量结果稳定,表明该方法是一种可靠的测定线粒体呼吸和能量代谢的方法。并且,通过加入不同的呼吸抑制剂来鉴定细胞的呼吸途径,可快速获取有效数据。此外,还可直接对组织内线粒体的呼吸代谢进行测定,简便性、实时性均优于其他线粒体代谢测定方法,是一种快速有效,且可以进行实时动态观测的试验方法。     

硼对小麦生殖器官形态及解剖结构的影响

用溶液培养方法研究硼对小麦生殖器官形态及解剖结构的影响. 结果表明: (1)缺硼严重影响小麦穗的分化, 在一定施硼范围内, 总小穗数和有效小穗数随硼施用量增加而增多; (2)缺硼严重影响小麦雄蕊发育. 无硼(B0处理)条件下, 少数雄蕊不发育, 多数虽发育, 但体积极小, 造孢细胞有丝分裂阶段出现异常, 细胞内有多核现象, 减数分裂     

Can the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices actively mobilize P from rock phosphates?

Plants colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi have been shown to respond positively to the application of insoluble forms of inorganic phosphorus (P) such as rock phosphates (RPs). The mechanism(s) underlying such responses remain(s) unknown and although it has been hypothesized, there is no experimental support for the production of chelating agents by AM fungal hyphae. Here we investigate whether AM fungi can solubilize P from RPs and transfer it to plant roots. Using root-organ cultures of Daucus carrota L. inoculated or not with Glomus intraradices Schenk & Smith and containing P from different RP sources, we predicted that: (1) roots inoculated with G. intraradices would take up more P than those uninoculated; that (2) the amount of P taken up by roots through G. intraradices would be positively correlated with the RP reactivity; and that (3) G. intraradices would have access to RP through localized alterations of pH and/or by the production of organic acid anions that may act as chelating agents. The RP reactivity was positively correlated with P uptake. However, mycorrhizal roots grew initially slower and did not respond differently to any P treatment than those uninoculated. There was no evidence of localized changes in pH in proximity of G. intraradices hyphae, indicating that responses to RP by mycorrhizal plants observed in previous studies do not appear to result from the release of H⁺ ions alone or in combination with organic acid anions.