黔西北山区旱作农业优质高效耕作技术的实践探索

毕节地区地处黔西北,全区耕地面积101.2万hm^2,其中旱地耕地92.36万hm^2,占全区耕地面积的91.26%,是典型的雨养旱作农业山区.结合毕节地区实际,从旱地耕作模式和耕作技术等方面对旱作农业优质高效耕作技术进行了探索和研究.     

论有机农业目标体系的整体性

本文从农业生产中人与人之间的关系、人与自然的关系,以及人与自身的关系角度,对农业效益的目标体系进行了全新的诠释,同时,建立起农业中不同利益主体目标的关联.有机农业通过政府粮食安全目标、生产者生计安全目标和消费者食品安全目标的有机整合,最大限度地实现农业经济效益、生态效益和社会效益相互间的均衡,是农业可持续发展的必然选择.     

农耕文化资源价值评估模型与应用研究——基于产业开发的视角

农耕文化资源价值评估是农耕文化资源产业化运作的关键。在分析农耕文化资源价值影响因素的基础上,建立农耕文化资源价值评估指标体系,运用层次分析法获得各层次指标的权重,结合终极指标的得分方法构建我国农耕文化资源价值评估模型,并从农耕文化资源产业开发的可行性及其产业开发模式两方面对该模型进行应用分析,提出3种产业开发模式:政府驱动开发模式、企业驱动开发模式和政府与企业双驱动开发模式。     

2BYML-4型玉米垄作免耕播种机的设计与试验

研制一种可一次性完成玉米根茬粉碎还田、起垄、施肥、精密播种联合作业的2BYML-4型玉米垄作免耕播种机,对其整机结构和工作原理进行了分析,通过理论计算确定了仿形机构、灭茬刀转速和控制系统的相关参数。田间试验结果显示:垄高、垄顶宽、垄间距合格率分别达到94.73%、90.64%和90.13%;粒距合格指数92.0%,标准差11.99,变异系数5.24%;漏播指数4%,重播指数 4%;种子覆土深度合格率为88.3%,种下施肥合格率为89.7%,变异系数分别为9.71%和10.32%。该机田间作业垄形规则,种、肥田间分布均匀合理,其结构参数和工作参数组合,更好地满足了旱地农业保护性耕作要求并有效改善生态环境。     

不同施氮水平下旱作玉米田土壤呼吸速率与土壤水热关系

为探讨不同施氮量对旱作玉米田土壤呼吸速率的影响,设置0(CK)、80、160、240、320kg·hm-25个氮肥水平,分析不同施氮水平下土壤呼吸速率动态变化及其与土壤温度和土壤含水量间的关系。结果表明:夏玉米生长季土壤呼吸速率呈单峰变化曲线,于播种后52d左右达到最大值,成熟收获时降至最低;土壤呼吸总量(Sr)与施氮量(n)满足关系式Sr=1204.09(/1+e-1.69-0.02n)。土壤温度和土壤水分是影响土壤呼吸速率的主要因素,5cm土壤温度与土壤呼吸速率呈显著正相关,土壤呼吸速率随土壤温度升高呈指数增加,土壤温度可以解释旱作农田土壤呼吸速率季节变化的62.31%～78.66%;土壤水分和温度相互协调共同调控土壤呼吸,两者可以解释旱作玉米田土壤呼吸季节变化的79.63%～85.87%。     

要正确对待西部种草

西部种草需要正确对待几个问题：良种不是绝对的，与环境协调发展的就是好草种；种草的效益不是单方面的，不是追求单方面的效益；人工草地是现代农业的必要组分，同时不要忽视天然草原；种草不要忽视灌木，清除灌木要慎重；种草要有必要农业投入，应该用好地种草；要以发展动物生产和饲料工业为重点，完善草地农业系统；管理是草业的命脉，应尽早达到草业生产数字化。     

Effects of Photoperiod on Stem Cells Activation in Cashmere Goat Hair Follicles

In order to extend the anagen of cashmere goat hair follicles and increase the production of cashmere,this study was performed with artificially shorten the daylight time among Arbas White cashmere goats. Skin tissue sections from cashmere goats were collected to compare the morphologic changes between artificial daylight and natural daylight,and immunohistochemical method was used to study the hair follicle cell proliferation and important protein expression in related signaling pathways. The results showed that strong cell proliferation occurred in cashmere goat hair follicle cells during artificial daylight,plenty of cytokeratin 15 (K15) positive signals were distributed in the outer root sheath,β-catenin protein was actively expressed in hair matrix and root sheath, indicating that the hair follicles were in the anagen growth phase;Meanwhile,cashmere goat hair follicles under natural daylight were in telogen with weak signals. Above all prove that short photoperiod played an important role in promoting hair follicle growth,the artificial short photoperiod could change hair follicle growth cycle and make hair follicles earlier enter to the anagen growth phase,causing a variety of typical gene expressions during hair follicle growth.     

中国黑熊及其养殖业的发展现状

如何认识、正确处理野生动物的保护与利用之间的关系是极为重要的。与中国传统医药发展息息相关的黑熊养殖业,在中国已经存在20多年了。目前已完成了自野外捕获向自我繁殖以维持种群发展的关键转折,实现了养殖技术的升级、取胆技术的革新、养殖规模呈现集约化发展趋势。本文概述了中国野生黑熊分布和种群数量,为保护黑熊所采取的各种措施和成效,以及黑熊养殖业的历史和发展现状。介绍了国内与黑熊保护和驯养有关的法律和政策,在此基础上,详细分析了野生黑熊保护与黑熊养殖业的关系,揭示二者间即保护与可持续利用的内在关联,并对黑熊养殖业涉及的问题进行了解析。以化解黑熊保护与利用之间的矛盾,引导黑熊养殖业迈向健康发展之路。     

湟源县草地资源基本特点及开发利用

湟源县草地面积有 85 1 85 .1 3hm2 ,占全县土地总面积的 5 6.45 % ,草地资源丰富 ,牧草种类较多 ,农业生产秸秆来源广泛 ,但由于利用不当 ,造成了草地严重破坏和秸秆的浪费 ,如何合理利用草地和秸秆资源 ,扼制草地退化 ,是促进该县畜牧业发展的重要因素     

The production of short chain fatty acid and colonic development in weaning piglets

Weaning process widely affects the small intestinal structure and function in piglets, while the responses of large intestine to weaning stress are still obscure. The purpose of this study was to determine the developmental changes (i.e., short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) concentrations, growth parameters, crypt‐related indices and antioxidant capacity) in colon of piglet during weaning. Forty piglets were weaned at day 21 and euthanized to collect colonic tissues and digesta samples on day 0, 1, 3, 7 and 14 post‐weaning (n = 8). Piglet growth performance was improved (p < .001) on day 7 and 14 post‐weaning. The concentrations of acetate, propionate, butyrate, valerate, isobutyrate, isovalerate and total SCFAs were higher (p < .001) during the late post‐weaning period. The mRNA abundances of SCFAs transporters were greater (p < .001) on day 7 and 14. The absolute and relative weights, absolute length and perimeter of colon were greater (p < .001) on day 7 and 14. Similarly, post‐weaning increases (p < .001) in colonic crypt depth and Ki67 positive cells numbers per crypt were observed during the same period. Colonic crypt fission indices decreased (p < .01), while total crypt numbers increased (p < .001) on day 14 after weaning. Moreover, total SCFAs concentration was significantly associated with colonic growth parameters and Ki67 cells/crypt (p < .001). In addition, catalase content was decreased on day 3, 7, and 14, whereas, the concentrations of total superoxide dismutase (T‐SOD) and manganese‐containing superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) were higher (p < .05) on day 1 and 3 post‐weaning. These results showed that weaning process has a significant effect on colonic growth and development, which might be associated with the change of SCFAs concentrations in colon.