锦屏拱坝基础变形模量多目标非线

基础变形模量对坝体的安全运行和受力有着十分重要的意义，特别是高拱坝，需要良好的基础变形模量，但是在一定的荷载运行工况下，并不是意味着基础变形模量越高坝体应力、稳定、变形状况就越好。基于上述观点，利用多目标非线性规划方法对锦屏拱坝最优基础变形模量进行了研究，给出了拱坝在最优基础变形模量条件下坝体应力、稳定、变形及基础处理费用等特征值。研究表明：经过基础变形模量的优化，能有效改善坝体应力、位移、稳定等多项指标。     

灌溉兼防洪水库的优化调度

我国干旱半干旱地区，天然降水量少且时程及地域相差大，并有很大的随机性。对有水库调节的地区，如何处理天然降水的随机性，合理利用有限的水资源，解决人畜饮水、工业用水、林业及农业灌溉耗水，使其在各种情况下都能达到最佳的社会效益和经济效益，该文选用动态规划法，编制的电算程序，很好地解决了这一问题。     

Resource allocation tradeoffs in Manila’s peri-urban vegetable production systems: An application of multiple objective programming

This paper designed and developed a multi-objective programming (MOP) model to illustrate the dynamic relationship among technologies, productive activities, constraints and farmers’ objectives in the peri-urban vegetable production system and use the model as an economic tool in analysing probable consequences of a given action or innovation on the farm. The best compromise solution was generated using four analytical steps, as follows: single-objective optimization (to determine the ideal and anti-ideal values of the objective functions); constrained optimization (to generate the set of Pareto non-dominated solutions); cluster analysis (to trim down efficient set into smaller homogeneous groups); and compromise programming (to determine where the best compromise solution lies).     

组合预测方法及其在粮食产量预测中的应用

提出了一种组合预测方法，以“预测偏差绝对值的和最小”为标准，用线性规划确定组合权系数的最优加权算法，对青海省的粮食总产量进行了预测分析。结果表明，此模型具有较高的精度。     

Conversion to organic arable farming in The Netherlands: A dynamic linear programming analysis

Several studies show that organic farming is more profitable than conventional farming. However, in reality not many farmers convert to organic farming. Policy makers and farmers do not have clear insight into factors which hamper or stimulate the conversion to organic farming. The objective of this paper is to develop a dynamic linear programming model to analyse the effects of different limiting factors on the conversion process of farms over time. The model is developed for a typical arable farm in The Netherlands central clay region, and is based on two static liner programming models (conventional and organic). The objective of the model is to maximise the net present value over a 10-year planning horizon. The results of the analysis of a basic scenario show that conversion to organic farming is more profitable than staying conventional. In order to arrive at the actual profitable phase of organic farming, the farmer has to pass through the economically difficult 2-year conversion period. Sensitivity analysis shows that if depreciation is 25% higher than conventional fixed costs due to machinery made superfluous by conversion, conversion is less profitable than staying conventional. Also the availability of hired labour, which can be constrained in peak periods, has a strong effect on the cropping plan and the amount of area converted. Further analysis shows that a slight drop (2%) in organic prices lowers the labour income of the farmer and makes conversion less profitable than conventional farming. For farmers, a minimum labour income can be required to ‘survive’. The analysis shows that constraint on minimum labour income makes stepwise conversion the best way for farmers to overcome economic difficulties during conversion.     

电力系统日有功优化调度的工程化软件与应用

随着电力市场的逐步建立和电力供需形势的变化，电力系统的优化调度具备了可行条件；同时，由于电力部门运作带有的计划性，需要开发出实用有效的、涉及多种人为调控约束的工程化方法用于实际生产。针对上述需要，建立了考虑若干为调控约束的日有功优化调度工程化模型，提出了基于专家规则、优先顺序和动态规划法的工程化算法，并开发了相应的工程化软件。该软件已在陕西电网成功运行一年，取得了显著的效益。     

农场作物及机器设备选择系统的研究

将数据库，模拟及线性规划结合在一起，建立了一个同时选择农作物，作业方式及机器设备的软件系统。此系统可求得农场资源的最佳配置，并有较好的可移植性，同时在很大程度上克服了线性规划的非整数解与机器，劳力整数要求的矛盾以及模拟技术在优化系统方面的局限。     

用Delphi实现温度传感器的数据采集和误差分析

利用Delphi嵌入式汇编的扩展功能实现基于I／O的热敏电阻温度传感器数据采集，并用二次样条插值法研究电压和温度特性非线性化的S曲线，减少非线性误差。     

机耕道自动驾驶农机局部路径规划

针对机耕道场景下自动驾驶农机行驶的安全性、平稳性与规划实时性的实际需求,该研究提出了一种基于二次规划的局部路径规划方法。首先基于有限状态机构建农机机耕道行驶模式,其次采用横纵向解耦的方法,通过改进状态栅格法分别对农机速度行为和轨迹行为进行决策,随后利用二次规划方法生成满足多目标、多约束条件的农机轨迹和速度,得到最优路径,最后在多种行驶环境中进行仿真和实车试验,行驶参考速度为2 m/s。实车试验结果表明,在绕行静态障碍物场景中,规划轨迹的平均绝对曲率为0.021 m^-1,最大绝对曲率为0.056 m^-1,平均绝对横向误差为3.23 cm,最大绝对横向误差为8.69 cm,农机与障碍物外轮廓的距离大于0.76 m;在规避相向行驶、同向行驶和横穿机耕道的动态障碍物场景中,规划速度的平均绝对速度误差为0.08～0.12 m/s,绝对速度误差小于0.38 m/s,加速度变化范围为-0.38～0.44 m/s²。在规划周期为200 ms的仿真试验中,本文算法平均耗时48 ms,最大耗时75 ms,相比采用静态状态栅格法平均耗时减少38 ms,算法效率提升44%。研究结果可为机耕道场景下的农机局部路径规划提供技术支持。     

Copper,Zinc, and Lead Fractions in Soils Long-Term Irrigated with Municipal Wastewater

Long-term irrigation with municipal wastewater may lead, even in spite of intense farming, to an accumulation of organic matter, nutrient elements, and trace metals in soils. Excessive increases of heavy metals may pose a potential risk to the food chain and provoke restrictions for the further cultivation of sensitive crops. Copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and lead (Pb) forms in soils under long-term irrigation (for 100–120 years) with treated wastewater of Wroclaw were investigated by using selective seven-step sequential extraction (procedure of Zeien-Bruemmer) for partitioning the metals into operationally defined fractions, likely to be released in solution under various environmental conditions. The largest fraction of Cu, Pb, and particularly Zn in nonirrigated (control) soils was strongly bound in a residual form, while the percentage of exchangeable and the most labile fractions were negligible. Total concentration of metals in irrigated soils was elevated, and significant redistribution of metals among phases was observed. Percentages of residual fraction of Cu and Pb were no more than 25% (Zn < 40%), while significantly increased contribution of fractions occluded on iron (Fe) oxides and organically bound Cu. Exchangeable and readily mobile forms of Zn are predominant zinc fractions in soils irrigated with wastewater.