草原工程侵蚀区植被恢复模式的水土保持效应

以内蒙古草原大型露天煤矿开采形成的人工再塑地貌为研究对象,针对水土流失特点,结合自然气候、立地条件等因素,以快速恢复工程侵蚀区受损植被、减少水土流失为目的,通过水土保持措施组合配置试验,研究草原工程侵蚀区人工再塑地貌不同植被恢复模式的水土保持效应。结果表明:人工再塑地貌平台植被恢复采用“栽植灌木+种草”的措施配置灌木保存率为85.4%,草本植物盖度76%,土壤风蚀量比其他样区减少30%~85%;边坡植被恢复采用“栽植灌木+种草”模式和“生物笆+灌木”模式植物盖度达60%以上,抗蚀保土能力较强;通过秩和比法进行综合效益评价,“生态袋+种草”和“栽植灌木+种草”两种模式在治理投资成本与水土保持效益方面结合较好,水土流失防控效果明显,可在草原工程侵蚀区人工再塑地貌边坡水土流失治理中优先应用。     

基于PSR-CPM模型的市域土地生态安全评价

以PSR模型为基础,构建目标层、准则、因素层和指标层4级评价体系,运用突变级数法（CPM）对2005—2014年晋城市土地生态安全水平进行了评价。结果表明:2005—2008年,晋城市土地生态安全水平呈上升趋势,达到临界安全状态;2008—2009年,土地生态安全呈下降趋势,降低到较不安全水平;2009—2013年,土地生态安全水平呈上升趋势,并稳定在较安全水平;2013—2014年土地生态安全水平略有下降趋势,再次降低到较不安全状态。2005—2008年的变化主要是晋城市开展造林工程和产业结构改革的结果;2008—2009年的变化主要是受经济危机和旱灾的影响;2009—2013年的变化主要是由于经济、粮食产量的恢复和工业污染得到有效控制;2013—2014年的变化主要是经济发展减缓和人口增长所造成的。针对主要限制因素,晋城市今后应更加注重产业结构转型,控制工业污染排放和增加农业灌溉设施这三个方面的工作。     

生产建设项目边坡及弃土侵蚀影响机制研究进展

生产建设项目的土壤侵蚀是土壤侵蚀学科研究的热点话题.生产建设项目边坡及弃土侵蚀是一种典型的人为加速侵蚀,严重制约着生态文明建设和经济的发展.本文对边坡和弃土侵蚀影响机制,从降雨径流条件、土壤特性、地形及微地貌因子、水土保持防护措施等方面,将国内外研究成果进行了系统阐述.首先,总结了国内外边坡和弃土坡面侵蚀在降雨径流条件下,其坡面泥沙剥蚀、运移、沉积过程和坡面水流条件的时空变化;指出在土壤自身特性(包括外来物石砾、土壤物理性质、土壤添加物等)条件下,土壤中石砾质量分数是边坡和弃土坡面侵蚀水沙变化的重要因子,土壤物理性质决定坡面径流发生与否,土壤添加物促进土壤团聚过程,增加入渗为主;其次,揭示了坡面地形及其微地貌条件下,影响径流再分配和侵蚀分异特征;最后,对边坡及弃土坡面侵蚀在水土保持防治措施下,调控径流、削减泥沙的效果进行分析,并为今后生产建设项目边坡及弃土侵蚀研究的内容和方向作出展望,为边坡和弃土水土流失防治提供理论依据.     

Nutrients management strategies to improve yield and quality of sugar beet in semi-arid regions

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the yield and quality of sugar beet genotypes (Beta vulgaris L.). Therefore, a field trial was carried out in Peshawar, Pakistan, during the winters in 2012–2013. The field experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with split plots, having three replications. Fertilizer treatments (control, composted manure Higo Organic Plus at 5 t ha^?1, Maxicrop Sea Gold seaweed extract at 5 L ha^?1, farm yard manure at 10 t ha^?1, inorganic nitrogen–phosphorus (NP) at 90:60 kg ha^?1, NP at 120:90 kg ha^?1 and NP at 150:120 kg ha^?1) were allotted to main plots, while genotypes (Sandrina, Serenada and Kawe Terma) were allotted to the sub-plots. Plots treated with the application of NP at 120:90 kg ha^?1 produced the highest beet yield (76.4 t ha^?1) and sugar yield (11.1 t ha^?1), and had the second highest polarizable sugar content (14.52%) and more economic return (Rs. 553,000 per hectare) as compared to control plots. Sugar beet genotype Serenada had significantly higher beet yield (55.5 t ha^?1) and sugar yield (7.9 t ha^?1) and a higher economic return (Rs. 380,000 per hectare) than the other genotypes. Sugar beet genotype Serenada supplied with NP at 120:90 kg ha^?1is recommended for the general cultivation in the agro-climatic conditions of Peshawar valley.     

中国丹霞赤水世界自然遗产景观格局时空演变及驱动因素分析

为了研究中国丹霞赤水世界自然遗产的景观格局,利用GIS,ENVI和景观格局分析软件FRAGSTATS,分析了遗产地及缓冲区2001年、2010年、2016年3个关键时期的景观格局及其演变规律,揭示了中国丹霞赤水世界自然遗产不同发展阶段景观格局变化特征,进一步探讨了景观格局变化的影响因素。研究结果表明:（1）研究区自2001年以来,各类景观均处于动态变迁过程,林地景观为研究区的优势景观,一直占研究区整体面积的80%以上,16年间,林地、灌丛、建筑用地、裸地和水体的面积净增加,耕地面积净减少;（2）景观动态变化度在2001—2010年较大,林地景观面积比例增加了6.98%,耕地面积比例减少了8.4%,面积减少了近一半,有44%的耕地面积和64.35%灌丛面积转入林地景观,景观格局破碎化程度大幅下降;（3）2010—2016年景观动态变化度相对较小,林地面积比例下降了1.22%,耕地面积比例增加了1%,建筑面积持续增加;建设用地转出率最高,其次是裸地,景观类型的丰富度有所上升,景观格局破碎化程度稍有加深;（4）除了生态系统的自然演化外,退耕还林政策、城镇一体化建设、高速交通建设是研究区景观格局变化的主要驱动因素,旅游增长和开发对研究区的景观格局影响相对较小。     

Transformation of Phosphorus in Forest and Savannah Agro-Ecological Alfisols incubated with Different Phosphorus Fertilizers,in Ekiti state,Southwestern Nigeria

Experiments on incubation with phosphorus (P) changes in two Nigerian Alfisols, were evaluated on the effectiveness of P sources (ground phosphate rock, GRP-9% P, Pace-setter Organo-Mineral Fertilizer (PR-fortified P-S-OM, 11% P and single superphosphate, SSP-7.7% P, for reference). All samples were adjusted to water tension measured at M Ψ w = 0.03 MPa. Changes in applied P were evaluated at 2, 6, 12 and 24 weeks after which data were analyzed using analysis of variance and correlations. Over 24 weeks of incubation, SSP transformed mostly into iron (Fe)-bound P and GPR produced the highest inorganic phosphate ions and transformed largely into the soluble and more chemically stable residual P, in both soils. This fraction, had high and positive correlations (r = 0.69, p < 0.05) with soil properties and constituted a major source and sinks of plant available P. Thus, GPR contributing beneficial effects of residual phosphates.     

Is PLOS ONE Attracting Highly Cited Papers in the Food Sciences? Comparing Authors' Most Cited Work to Their PLOS ONE Articles Published 2006–2016

Since 2007, the Open Access journal PLOS ONE has published 194,622 expert-reviewed scientific papers, including 85 related to the human food sciences such as food safety, general food science, and nutrition. Seventy-five of their corresponding authors had previously published. Their most cited articles in other journals were identified and citation counts compared against those earned by their PLOS ONE papers. No PLOS ONE food sciences paper has yet been cited more than an author's best effort in the field in other journals. More than half (38) of the 75 PLOS ONE papers studied remain uncited even by their own authors.     

基于IPCC排放因子法估算碳足迹的京津冀生态补偿量化

构建合理的生态补偿量化标准关系着京津冀区域的健康发展。采用IPCC排放因子法计算京津冀地区2006-2015年的碳足迹,结果表明:10 a间京津冀地区碳足迹变化趋势分为2个阶段,2006到2013呈现快速增长趋势,年增长率约为8.5%,2013年之后基本保持不变;考虑森林、草地、农用地的固碳能力的前提下,测算了京津冀地区2006-2015年的碳承载力,结果表明:2009年京津冀地区的碳承载力有明显增高,之后基本保持平稳,略有提升;为了对比不同区域内(人口和区域面积)碳赤字对生态的影响,提出了碳赤字敏感度,进而利用碳赤字敏感度构建了生态补偿因子的概念,并据此确定京津冀三区生态补偿的量化标准,结果表明:河北和北京每年都应得到天津支付的一定额度的生态补偿,其中河北2012年应获得补偿最多(161亿元),北京2013年最多(61.5亿元)。研究结果对加快建立完善的京津冀横向生态补偿机制有参考意义。     

Effect of nutrient solution salinity and ionic concentration on parsley (Petroselinum crispum Mill.) essential oil yield and content

The growth and essential oil (EO) production of parsley were evaluated in response to salinity and nutrient solution concentrations in a soilless culture. Parsley plants that were 60 days old were potted in a coconut fiber and peat moss medium and were treated with four different nutrient solutions, including T1, T2, T3 and T4. The T1 nutrient solution was the standard, the T2 and T3 solutions contained incremental macronutrient concentrations with an electrical conductivity (EC) of up to 2.2 and 3.2 dS m^?1, respectively, and the T4 solution was the same as T2 but with sodium chloride (NaCl) and an incremental macronutrient concentration with an EC of 3.2 dS m^?1. Next, these plants were grown for 90 days in a greenhouse with natural daylight in Nador, Morocco. Shoot and root growth significant decreased with increasing EC. However, the salinity that resulted from the addition of NaCl did not affect plant growth in the nutrient solutions. The optimum obtained growth and EO production were 1.2 and 2.2 dS m^?1, respectively. Consequently, the optimum EC value (based on the EO production) of parsley in the soilless culture was 1.2–2.2 dS m^?1.     

陕西省经济实力与环境承载力协调度的时空演变格局

[目的]研究陕西省10个地级市的经济实力与环境承载力的协调度,为未来城市经济发展提供一定的理论参考。[方法]运用熵值法构建经济实力和环境承载力的指标体系,结合耦合协调度模型对经济和环境之间协调度的发展趋势进行研究,并借助ArcGIS工具对二者的空间格局进行探讨。[结果](1)陕西省10个地市的经济发展和环境承载力发展趋势呈现总体上升且稳定发展的态势,各个城市的环境承载力水平较高,发展速度差别不大且波动幅度小。(2)2005—2014年10个城市经济实力与环境承载力的耦合度和耦合协调度变化趋势基本相同,呈缓慢上升趋势;耦合协调度的空间组合不同,陕西省北部和中部城市经济发展和环境承载力的耦合协调度较高,南部城市耦合协调度水平低。[结论]陕西省10个地市经济实力与环境承载力协调度总体差异大,省会西安市所处的关中地区发展好,陕北地区次之,陕南地区的安康市和商洛市经济实力较弱。