基于无线传感器网络的丘陵果园灌溉控制系统

为解决目前丘陵地区果树灌溉技术中存在的过度灌溉、浪费水资源等问题,以实现丘陵果园节水灌溉,结合无线传感器网络技术,设计开发了一种基于无线传感器网络的丘陵果园灌溉控制系统.系统以ATmega128L单片机为控制核心,由上位机、汇聚节点、无线传感器节点、土壤水分传感器和电磁阀等组成,其中土壤水分传感器和电磁阀连接到无线传感器节点上,汇聚节点与传感器节点之间数据采用无线方式进行传输,汇聚节点通过RS-232串口线与上位机相连.系统能实时监测葡萄土壤含水率的变化,根据土壤含水率来判断葡萄是否缺水,并发出灌溉指令实施对葡萄精确灌溉,系统实现了葡萄园灌溉的自动化控制.通过试验,选定25 cm深度的土壤含水率为灌溉启动监测量,启动灌溉的监测阈值设定为26.8%;选定50 cm深度的土壤含水率为灌溉停止监测量,系统停止灌溉的监测阈值为45.5%.试验表明：系统可以达到精确灌溉要求,结合葡萄的生存阈值可以实现节水灌溉.     

ENVI FLAASH和ERDAS ATCOR2的大气校正对比研究

研究分别用ENVI FLAASH模块和ERDAS ATCOR2模块对LANDSAT5-TM图像进行大气校正,进而对校正效果进行评价。结果表明,ENVI FLAASH和ERDAS ATCOR2均能很好地消除大部分大气的影响,满足试验要求。但从精度方面考虑,ENVI FLAASH要略胜于ERDAS ATCOR2。     

基于51单片机的会场人数监控仪

以单片机STC89C51为控制核心的检测装置,利用两对红外发送接收传感器分别检测进入会场和离开会场的人数,单片机通过外部中断实时检测红外传感器输入的电平信号,经过数据处理记录会场当前人数并显示在数码管上,同时可通过语音播放电路播放会场当前人数,通过串口通信将单片机中记录的人数信号传送给计算机并显示.此系统利用单片机控制,能实时检测并播报会场当前人数,具有实用价值,同时具有计算机上显示和语音播放人数等创新.     

基于AT89S51的蔬菜大棚温控系统设计

以AT89S51单片机为控制核心,以数字温度传感器DS18B20为测温元件,采集温室内的温度信息。通过对当前温室环境的现状进行分析,对温室温度参数进行调节,以达到栽培作物生长发育的需要,为作物的生长提供最适宜的温度环境,大幅提高作物的产量和质量。     

基于Kalman滤波的田间导航车辆定位校正方法研究

以装载了RTK-DGPS导航系统的KUBOTASPU-68水田插秧机为试验平台,以姿态测量系统提供载体姿态信息,研究农业机械导航的姿态校正方法。在分析车载GPS倾斜误差产生原因基础上,提出了采用多传感器联合测量载体姿态角以提供校正信息。采用MEMS传感器集成模块ADIS16355作为惯性测量单元,卡尔曼滤波实现传感器信息融合以计算姿态角,设计了姿态测量系统。阐述了两种传感器融合测量实时姿态角的算法,基于ARM7Cotex-M3微处理器设计了姿态测量系统硬件。     

Modelled and measured ratio of PAR to global radiation under cloudless skies

The ratio between photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) and solar broadband irradiance depends on the spectral structure of radiation. Therefore, at the Earth surface, this ratio depends on atmospheric conditions and solar height. Specifically, for cloudless skies, and based on results from a spectral radiative transfer model, a parameterised model is presented here in order to obtain the ratio between PPFD and global irradiance from meteorological routine measurements. The two main input variables of the model are air mass and an estimation of precipitable water column. Modelled values are compared to measurements taken at Girona (NE Iberian Peninsula). A correction to measurements is developed to take into account the non-cosine response of the instruments. Agreement between measurements and model is significantly better than merely considering a constant value of the ratio between PPFD and global broadband irradiance.     

多路径下桃园射频信号传输特性

为解决无线传感器网络在桃园中的快速部署问题,该文研究了2.4 GHz无线射频信号在桃园中的传播特性。依据角度选取4条传输路径,在3种(0.5、1.5、2.5 m)典型的天线高度,同时测量丢包率和路径损耗情况,分析表明两者具有明显的相关性,天线高度和通信距离是路径损耗的主要影响因素。在天线高度为0.5和1.5 m时,可靠传输距离为6个行距(27 m);在天线高度为2.5 m时,可靠传输距离大于14个行距(63 m),因此冠层顶部为布设天线的最佳位置。对路径损耗数据进行回归分析,发现其在每种天线高度,每条传输路径下对数模型最适合作为路径损耗模型,模型的R2最大为0.945,最小为0.732。为研究节点部署于桃园任意位置时的路径损耗情况,便于节点快速灵活地部署,在3种天线高度下对路径损耗数据进行对数回归分析,R2最大为0.976,最小为0.939。最后对2组模型进行了验证,表明模型可以预测射频信号在桃园中的路径损耗情况,该文研究结果为无线传感器网络在桃园中的部署提供了参考。     

Soil salinity and its distribution determined by soil sampling and electromagnetic techniques

Abstract. Diagnosis of soil salinity and its spatial variability is required to establish control measures in irrigated agriculture. This article shows the usefulness of electromagnetic (EM) and soil sampling techniques to map salinity. We analysed the salinity of a 1‐ha plot of surface‐irrigated olive plantation in Aragon, NE Spain, by measuring the electrical conductivity of the saturation extract (EC_e) of soil samples taken at 22 points, and by reading the Geonics EM38 sensor at 141 points in the horizontal (EM_H) and vertical (EM_V) dipole positions. EM_H and EM_V values had asymmetrical bimodal distributions, with most readings in the non‐saline range and a sharp transition to relatively high readings. Most salinity profiles were uniform (i.e. EM_H=EM_V), except in areas with high salinity and concurrent shallow water tables, where the profiles were inverted as shown by EM_H > EM_V, and by EC_e being greater in shallow than in deeper layers. The regressions of EC_e on EM readings predicted EC_e with R² > 84% for the 0–100 to 0–150 cm soil depths. We then produced salinity contour maps from the 141 EC_e values estimated from the electromagnetic readings and the 22 measured values of EC_e. Owing to the high soil sampling density, the maps were similar (i.e. mean surface‐weighted EC_e values between 3.9 dS m^?1 and 4.2 dS m^?1), although the electromagnetically estimated EC_e improved the mapping of details. Whereas soil sampling is preferred for analysing the vertical distribution of soil salinity, the electromagnetic sensor is ideal for mapping the lateral variability of soil salinity.     

用传感器阵列和遗传基因块区分两种食醋

近年来,对将传感器阵列技术和模式识别技术用于识别食品挥发气味的研究方兴未艾。模式识别技术的实施主要依赖于对传感器阵列输出信号的参数表达,迄今为止,不论是单个传感器还是传感器阵列均没有通用的参数选择的方法。该文从8个氧化锡气敏传感器与食醋气味反应中提出初始特征值,采用一种基于公式表达树的遗传基因块代码的编码算法的组织特征参数法(OFP)对所提取的特征参数进行融合,从而得到最优的组织特征参数很容易区分不同的气味。它不但解决了怎样得到最优特征参数的问题,而且用这种算法进行遗传运算更直观、更方便。并详细讨论了怎样进行基因编码来融合不同特征参数,同时对这种遗传算法怎样进行选择、交叉、变异进行了研究。将其用于气敏传感器阵列对不同食醋识别的应用实例证明,该方法是一种非常有效的模式识别方法     

氨气敏电极-标准加入法测定土壤脲酶活性

本文研究了用氨气敏电极－标准加入法测定土壤脲酶活性的新方法。该法使样品液和标准溶液均处于同一条件下测定，消除了土壤中基体对测定的影响，提高了方法的准确性。方法简便、快速，结果可靠，应用于不同土壤样品中脲酶活性的测定，相对标准偏差为1.78%-3.94%，回收率在98.3%-101.8%之间。