油菜脱出物在气流中的运动分析

测定了油菜脱出物的空气动力特性，基于ADAMS研究了气流参数的变化对脱出物运动状态的影响，并对油菜脱出物在流场中的运动进行了仿真分析，选择了适合于油菜脱出物分离的气流参数，同时指出了气流清选油菜脱出物时存在的局限性。     

不同培养条件对火龙果种子萌芽的影响

通过采用MS培养基、MS 2.0mg/LGA3培养基、纸床（双层无菌滤纸）对红肉火龙果种子进行萌芽试验。试验发现,接种后5d,纸床培养的火龙果种子的萌发率最高,为95%;其次是MS 2.0mg/LGA3培养基,为89%;萌发率最低的是MS培养基上的火龙果种子,为81%。15d后,MS 2.0mg/LGA3培养基上火龙果幼苗的生长势高于其他两种培养方式,幼苗平均高度为1.5cm,子叶较厚,浅绿色。结果表明,MS 2.0mg/LGA3培养基为较为理想的火龙果种子萌芽培养基。     

套筒式橡胶减振器的疲劳工况试验研究

为了准确掌握金穗4SW系列马铃薯挖掘机摆动分离筛新型套筒式橡胶减振器的疲劳工况，进行了田间试验和实验室试验。试验表明，该橡胶减振器能够满足生产实际要求和对橡胶减振器的设计寿命要求。给出了符合橡胶减振器疲劳损失衡量标准的静刚度损失值，经生产实践证明，此值具有指导生产的实际意义。     

基于改进UNet模型的油茶果振动采摘点定位方法

针对非花果同期油茶果采收效率低这一问题,提出一种侧枝振动采摘点定位方法,通过振动侧枝降低树木损伤并实现高效采收。首先构建数据集,对侧枝分段标注,向UNet中添加CloFormer注意力机制并命名为Clo-UNet,实现侧枝的二维重构。其次,在Clo-UNet基础上进一步设计采摘点定位方法并命名为Clo-UNet-Point,该方法优先选择采收离果实最远且最粗的枝条。试验表明,Clo-UNet在验证集上表现优异,其中br_con（连果枝）、danger（危险区）和br_pro（优先采收区域）的平均交并比mIoU分别达到85.36%、86.37%和81.29%,平均像素精度mPA分别达到94.97%、96.17%和89.48%,Clo-UNet在整个数据集上的mIoU和mPA分别比UNet高5.14、6.85个百分点。通过观察验证集647幅图像,Clo-UNet-Point算法在不同光照条件下均能定位到采摘点,平均检测一张图像用时0.15 s。该研究可为未来非花果同期类油茶果的自动化振动采收奠定理论基础。     

马铃薯杂交实生种子发芽特性的研究

为探讨马铃薯杂交实生种子的萌发特性,以昆明市农业科学研究所提供的2003年收获的马铃薯杂交实生种子B9,B12,B16,B18,B20为材料,对其发芽势、发芽率、生活力和活力等指标进行了研究,从中选出了最适发芽条件,确定了初次和末次记数时间。结果表明:马铃薯杂交实生种子最适的发芽条件为恒温20℃,发芽床为纸上或沙中;在第10天进行初次计数,在第21天进行末次计数;生活力>68.0%;在田间生长有68%以上的幼苗高达1 cm以上。     

Influence of percentage of concentrate in combination with rolled canola seeds on performance, rumen fermentation and milk fatty acid composition in dairy goats

The effect of rolled canola seeds (RCS, 0% or 20% of the dry matter (DM) of the concentrate) combined with percentage of concentrate (45% (L) vs. 65% (H) of the diet DM) on rumen fermentation characteristics, production parameters and fatty acid (FA) profile of milk fat was studied in 20 entire goats and 12 goats fitted with ruminal and duodenal cannula. Goats were fed TMR ad libitum for 15 weeks with the final 12 weeks as the test period. Individual milk samples were taken in weeks 5 and 11 to determine the FA profile of milk fat. Feeding the H diets increased NE_L intake, raw milk yield and yield of fat, protein and lactose. Feeding RCS increased fat corrected milk, milk fat content and fat yield. Combination of RCS and high percentage of concentrate increased fat corrected milk and fat yield. Milk protein content was not affected by dietary factors. Feeding the H diets increased the proportion of short-chain FA (C4:0–C8:0), each isomer of trans-C18:1 and c9,t11-C18:2 in milk at the expense of medium-chain FA with 11 to 17 C units. Feeding RCS decreased the proportion of medium-chain FA with 10 to 17 C units in milk and it increased that of C18:0, all isomers of trans-C18:1, c9-C18:1 and c9,t11-C18:2. Goats fed the H diets, and those fed the RCS had lower c9-C18:1/C18:0 and c9,t11-C18:2/t11-C18:1 ratios. Combination of RCS and high percentage of concentrate produced the highest proportion of all isomers of trans-C18:1 and c9,t11-C18:2 in milk, with the highest variability among the four diets for these FA. This was possibly related to between-goats differences in ruminal fermentation and to individual difference in desaturase activity in the mammary gland. It is concluded that feeding a high-concentrate diet combined with rolled canola seeds had a synergistic effect on the milk production and fat yield without alteration in milk protein content in dairy goats. This combination also resulted in changes in FA profile that may differently affect the nutritional value of goat milk for human health.     

种植密度和施肥量对白瓜籽产量的影响

采用裂区试验设计,研究白瓜不同种植密度和施肥量对白瓜籽产量的影响。结果表明:处理3的产量较高,即667 m2施肥量18 kg,其中尿素4.5 kg,磷酸二铵4 kg,硫酸钾9.5 kg,密度为1 300株,白瓜籽产量可达67.03 kg。     

不同白三叶品种在江西低丘红壤地上的适应性研究

本研究通过对６个白三叶品种的适应性观察，认为在江西低丘红壤地上以克利卡诺瓦白三叶表现最好，越夏抗旱力强，青草产量高。种子生产性能以拉丁鲁白三叶最好。海弗白王叶和新西兰白三叶适应性较差，表现不良。     

Effects of insect infestation on rodent‐mediated dispersal of Quercus aliena: results from field and enclosure experiments

Rodents influence plant establishment and regeneration by functioning as both seed predators and dispersers. However, these rodent–plant interactions can vary significantly due to various environmental conditions and the activity of other insect seed predators. Here, we use a combination of both field and enclosure (i.e. individual cage and semi‐natural enclosure) experiments, to determine whether rodents can distinguish sound seeds from those infested with insects. We also demonstrate how such responses to insects are influenced by food abundance and other environmental factors. We presented rodents with 2 kinds of Quercus aliena seeds (sound and insect‐infested seeds) in a subtropical forest in the Qinling Mountains, central China, from September to November of 2011 to 2013. The results showed that rodents preferred to hoard and eat sound seeds than infested seeds in the field and semi‐natural enclosure, while they preferred to eat infested seeds over sound seeds in the individual cages. In addition, both hoarding and eating decisions were influenced by food abundance. Rodents hoarded more sound seeds in years of high food abundance while they consumed more acorns in years of food shortage. Compared with field results, rodents reduced scatter‐hoarding behavior in semi‐natural enclosures and ate more insect‐infested seeds in smaller individual cages. These results further confirm that rodents distinguish infested seeds from non‐infested seeds but demonstrate that this behavior varies with conditions (i.e. environment and food abundance). We suggest that such interactions will influence the dispersal and natural regeneration of seeds as well as predation rates on insect larvae.     

Pod, Seed and Germination Characteristics of Selected Cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum (Linn.) Maton) Varieties

Cardamom is a popular and important tropical spice, traditionally propagated by rhizomes, although seeds which are considered recalcitrant are being increasingly used in planting programmes. Thus a study evaluated the effects of pod maturity on pod, seed and germination characteristics of three popular varieties, along with the influence of drying on seed germinability.
Green and yellow mature pods and seeds of all varieties had a high moisture content. The variety Mysore, which is considered high yielding, had larger pods with a greater number of heavy seeds. Although the pods of Vazukka were heavier than the Malabar variety due to greater seed weights, seed numbers were similar in both varieties. Seed moisture contents declined with increasing pod maturity, while seed weights and germinability increased.
The germinability of Mysore seeds were greater, while that of the other varieties were lower. The larger seeds of all varieties germinated 15–20 days earlier, giving rise to a greater percentage (20–25 %) of seedlings. Desiccation at 20 °C maintained germinability for a longer period (5–9 days) in all varieties, than when dried at 30 °C. The seeds of the variety Mysore was more tolerant to desiccation than other varieties. The study illustrated the importance of selecting large seeds from yellow mature pods of cardamom for propagation and the value of establishment immediately after harvest to obtain a greater number of seedlings.