Water Requirements of Safflower Entries in Middle Egypt

Two promising selected land races of safflower ( Carthamns tinctorious L.) designated as line 11 and line 13, together with the local variety Giza 1 , were examined under three levels of moisture depletions, i.e. 40, 60 and 80 % ASMD at Fayoum, Middle Egypt during 1986/87 and 1987/88 seasons. In both growing seasons, the second irrigation treatment i.e. 60 % ASMD gave the highest means for growth characters as well as seed yield and most of its components. Seed oil content per cent exhibited an increased as soil moisture depletion increased with no significant difference between entries. Safflower entries showed clear differences in some yield components which compensate each other and resulted in no significant difference in seed yield per hectar.
Consumptive use of water by safflower plants increased as the available soil moisture around the root zone increased. No significant differences were found in water consumed by safflower entries used in all experiments.
In the two experimental seasons, the best water use efficiency (WUE) for seed production was obtained also from the second treatment (60 % ASMD). The line 11 gave the best WUE.     

Pod, Seed and Germination Characteristics of Selected Cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum (Linn.) Maton) Varieties

Cardamom is a popular and important tropical spice, traditionally propagated by rhizomes, although seeds which are considered recalcitrant are being increasingly used in planting programmes. Thus a study evaluated the effects of pod maturity on pod, seed and germination characteristics of three popular varieties, along with the influence of drying on seed germinability.
Green and yellow mature pods and seeds of all varieties had a high moisture content. The variety Mysore, which is considered high yielding, had larger pods with a greater number of heavy seeds. Although the pods of Vazukka were heavier than the Malabar variety due to greater seed weights, seed numbers were similar in both varieties. Seed moisture contents declined with increasing pod maturity, while seed weights and germinability increased.
The germinability of Mysore seeds were greater, while that of the other varieties were lower. The larger seeds of all varieties germinated 15–20 days earlier, giving rise to a greater percentage (20–25 %) of seedlings. Desiccation at 20 °C maintained germinability for a longer period (5–9 days) in all varieties, than when dried at 30 °C. The seeds of the variety Mysore was more tolerant to desiccation than other varieties. The study illustrated the importance of selecting large seeds from yellow mature pods of cardamom for propagation and the value of establishment immediately after harvest to obtain a greater number of seedlings.     

不同增稠剂对农药可分散油悬浮剂稳定性的影响

为明确不同增稠剂对以矿物油为分散介质的油悬浮体系稳定性的影响,以12.5%丙炔·吡嘧(丙炔噁草酮·吡嘧磺隆)可分散油悬浮剂为对象,通过流变学和多重光散射方法,研究了有机膨润土、有机高分子和气相二氧化硅3类增稠剂单独使用及有机膨润土和其他两类增稠剂分别搭配使用对可分散油悬浮剂物理稳定性的影响。结果表明:所有样品的流动特性指数(n)均小于1,为假塑性流体,具有触变性。除有机膨润土和高分子增稠剂Atlox Rheostrux100组合使用时体系更符合Casson方程外,其余样品均更符合Herschel-Bulkley方程。单独使用时,有机膨润土对保证体系稳定的效果相对较好;Atlox Rheostrux 100和Atlox Rheostrux200两种高分子增稠剂的效果差别较大,其中Atlox Rheostrux 100效果更好,这可能是由分子结构差异造成;两种气相二氧化硅类增稠剂由于不能有效形成氢键,效果较差。将有机膨润土和有机高分子增稠剂组合使用时,体系的稳定性有所提升,其中有机膨润土869和Atlox Rheostrux 100组合使用效果更好,体系具有较高的黏度,且具有良好的触变性,物理稳定性优异;有机膨润土869和疏水气相二氧化硅R974组合使用时则效果没有明显的提升。研究表明,流变学和多重光散射两种方法均能较好地表征可分散油悬浮剂的物理稳定性;新型高分子增稠剂和有机膨润土具有协同作用,将二者合理组合添加能大幅提升可分散油悬浮剂的稳定性。     

不同转群时间及喷洒精油对仔猪断奶应激的影响

为探讨不同的转群时间及转群前后喷洒精油对仔猪断奶应激的影响,优化仔猪断奶转群模式,试验选择28日龄、断奶体重（7.00±0.50）kg的杜×长×大三元杂交断奶仔猪192头,随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复16头。采用2×2两因素试验设计,分别探讨不同转群时间（08：00、20：00）及是否喷洒精油（喷洒、不喷洒）对断奶仔猪腹泻率、死亡率、血液生化指标、氧化指标及免疫指标的影响。结果表明：转群后1、8、24 h,各试验组仔猪血清总蛋白（TP）和白蛋白（ALB）含量差异均不显著（P>0.05）;转群后1和8 h,晚上转群组仔猪血糖（GLU）含量低于早上转群理组,喷洒精油后GLU进一步降低;仔猪转群后1、8、24 h,各试验组仔猪血清中皮质醇（COR）和丙二醛（MDA）水平随转群后时间的增加而降低。转群后1和8 h,喷洒精油的两组仔猪血清MDA水平显著低于不喷组（P<0.05）,24 h后血清COR水平显著下降（P<0.05）;转群后1、8、24 h,各处理组仔猪血清中免疫球蛋白A（IgA）、免疫球蛋白M（IgM）、免疫球蛋白G（IgG）含量无显著差异（P>0.05）,转群后1和24 h,早上转群但不喷洒精油组仔猪血清白细胞介素-10（IL-10）与晚上转群且不喷洒精油组无显著差异（P>0.05）,而喷洒精油后,IL-10水平均显著下降（P<0.05）,以晚上转群且喷洒精油组仔猪血清IL-10水平最低。综上所述,晚上转群对断奶仔猪的应激程度小于早上转群,喷洒精油能进一步缓解应激,晚上转群并喷洒精油是减少仔猪断奶转群的理想模式。     

固相微萃取技术在食用植物油分析中的应用

介绍了固相微萃取(SPME)技术的装置device、原理、萃取模式、影响因素、技术特点和应用范围;概述了SPME技术在植物油溶剂残留、香气组分分析、污染物的测定以及评估植物油氧化程度或氧化稳定性中的应用.     

水氮耦合对滴灌复播油葵生长及产量的影响

为了解水氮耦合对新疆北部石河子地区滴灌复播油葵生长和产量的影响,以大田试验为基础,结合室内试验,以当地油葵主栽早熟品种"新葵杂五号"为供试材料,在滴灌条件下进行水氮两因素三水平完全处理小区试验。结果表明:在灌水3 000 m3·hm~(~(-2))、纯施氮232 kg·hm~(~(-2))水氮组合下,滴灌复播油葵的叶面积最大,株高在营养生长阶段最高,盘径、茎粗及干物质量均最大;结实率水平、单盘粒重、千粒重和产量均最高,分别为96.97%、112.96g、73.89 g和3 597 kg·hm~(~(-2))。以滴灌复播油葵产量为追求目标,综合考虑水氮耦合对其生长的影响,试验所在地区复播油葵建议的适宜灌溉定额及氮肥追施量分别为3 000 m3·hm~(~(-2))、232 kg·hm~(~(-2))。     

蔷薇种子催芽方法初探

采用9种处理方法,对4个品种的蔷薇种子进行处理,分析其种子发芽率.结果表明:种子发芽率处理方法间达到显著差异而品种间达到极显著差异.其中,低温沙藏层积+萘乙酸(NAA)和低温沙藏层积+高锰酸钾(KMnO₄)处理的种子发芽率显著高于其他.     

99%矿物油乳油(绿颖)防治茶橙瘿螨药效试验研究

1地连续2年的药效试验表明，99％矿物油乳油施药后3d对茶橙瘿螨效果较明显，50、150倍液防效均超过80％，250倍液防效为73．6％，施药后7、14、21d，2种较高剂量的99％矿物油乳油防效均超过80％．最高达97％以上。在推荐施用浓度范围内，药效高，持效性好．对茶树和天敌生物无不良影响。     

Acaricidal effects of the essential oil of Origanum minutiflorum (Lamiaceae) against Rhipicephalus turanicus (Acari: Ixodidae)

The acaricidal effects of the volatile essential oil Origanum minutiflorum O. Schwarz & P.H. Davis (Lamiaceae) against adult Rhipicephalus turanicus was evaluated at a variety of concentrations and exposure times. Generally tick mortality increased with concentration and exposure. Ticks exposed to vapors from cotton wicks containing at least 10 μl/L resulted in complete (100%) mortality at 120 min. The major constituent of essential oil obtained from the plant material of O. minutiflorum was carvacrol.     

克乌输油复线油改气工程实践

在对乌克输油管道检测和评价的基础上,从线路改造,站场改造,管道防腐等方面对该复线油改气工程进行了风险性评估,设计和施工,系统介绍了该改造工程的调研,设计,施工和投运等工作。与新建输气管道相比,该工程节约投资两亿多元,经济效益显。