硬壳蛤的生物学及养殖

硬壳蛤广泛分布于北美洲东海岸，是美国大西洋沿岸各州的重要经济双壳数。该种对温度和盐度适应性较广，适应多种底质生活。2000年，由美国引入大连，本文结合引入后对其人工育苗和养殖的初步研究，综述了硬壳蛤的生长、繁殖、幼体发育和生态习性等养殖生物学特性和硬壳蛤浮游幼体培养、中间育成及养殖技术等，为硬壳蛤在我国开展增养殖提供参考。     

Effects of mechanical and chemical methods on weed control,weed seed rain and crop yield in maize,sunflower and soyabean

Eight field experiments with maize (Zea mays L.), sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) and soyabean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) were carried out in central Italy in order to evaluate the effects of mechanical and chemical methods (spring-tine harrowing, hoeing, hoeing-ridging, split-hoeing, finger-weeding, herbicides in the row + inter-row hoeing, herbicides broadcast) on weed control, weed seed rain and crop yield. The choice of chemical and mechanical treatments in maize and soyabean compared to sunflower, required to be managed more carefully in order to maximize the weed control reducing yield losses. A global rating of weed control methods, based on their weed control efficacy, was obtained as useful means to assist farmers and technicians to choose the more appropriate weed control method. The combination of herbicides intra-row and hoeing inter-row gave best efficacy (on average 99% of weed control), with a 50% reduction in the chemical load in the environment. Hoeing-ridging gave good results, both inter- and intra-row (on average 93% of weed control); this method was also effective in reducing competitive ability and seed production of uncontrolled weeds. Split-hoeing or finger-weeding showed some limitations giving satisfactory results only when combined. Harrowing gave lowest weed control, although when combined to other mechanical methods, can help achieve a better efficacy.     

四川省水稻种业知识产权保护现状及发展对策研究

以四川省2000-2012年水稻种业核心知识产权(水稻品种权和水稻发明专利)保护与管理状况为研究对象,重点对水稻核心知识产权的申请量、授权量、申请机构及技术领域分布等信息进行分析。在此基础上,探讨了四川水稻种业知识产权保护管理中存在的问题,并提出促进四川水稻种业知识产权保护的对策与建议。     

Spatial variability of surface peat properties and carbon emissions in a tropical peatland oil palm monoculture during a dry season

The expansion of oil palm monocultures into globally important Southeast Asian tropical peatlands has caused severe environmental damage. Despite much of the current focus of environmental impacts being directed at industrial scale plantations, over half of oil palm land-use cover in Southeast Asia is from smallholder plantations. We differentiated a first generation smallholder oil palm monoculture into 8 different sampling zones, and further divided the 8 sampling zones into oil palm root influenced (Proximal) and reduced root influence (Distal) areas, to assess how peat properties regulate in situ carbon dioxide (CO₂) and methane (CH₄) fluxes. We found that all the physico-chemical properties and nutrient concentrations except sulphur varied significantly among sampling zones. All physico-chemical properties except electrical conductivity, and all nutrient content except nitrogen and potassium varied significantly between Proximal and Distal areas. Mean CO₂ fluxes (ranged between 382 and 1191 mg m⁻² h⁻¹) varied significantly among sampling zones, and between Proximal and Distal areas, with notably high emissions in Dead Wood and Path zones, and consistently higher emissions in Proximal areas compared to Distal areas within almost all the zones. CH₄ fluxes (ranged between −32 and 243 µg m⁻² h⁻¹) did not significantly vary between Proximal and Distal areas, however significantly varied amongst sampling zones. CH₄ flux was notably high in Canal Edge and Understorey Ferns zones, and negative in Dead Wood zone. The results demonstrate the high heterogeneity of peat properties within oil palm monoculture, strengthening the need for intensive sampling to characterize a land use in the tropical peatlands.     

山西各类沙棘叶总黄酮的含量测定

目的：研究山西不同产地及不同采收期各类沙棘叶中总黄酮的含量,为评价与开发利用沙棘叶资源提供依据。方法：采用紫外分光光度法测定沙棘叶中的总黄酮含量。结果：5月-7月份沙棘叶中总黄酮含量相对较高;沁源和方山产区的沙棘叶中总黄酮含量较高。同时看到,普遍沙棘桔红果叶总黄酮含量高于橙黄果叶;沙棘雌株叶总黄酮含量高于雄株叶。结论：6月份沙棘叶中总黄酮含量最高,沁源和方山地区可能为山西沙棘叶的最佳产区。     

高油分优质油菜盛湘油9号在长江中游种植表现及栽培技术

[目的]为了加快盛湘油9号在长江中游的推广应用.[方法]重点介绍盛湘油9号在长江中游区的种植表现及主要性状特点和栽培技术.[结果]盛湘油9号在国家中游区油菜区域试验和生产试验中,表现出具有高油、丰产特点.两年区试平均产量和产油量分别达2 347.8和1 080.45 kg/hm^2,平均比对照（中油杂2号）分别减产0.82％和增产8.25％.两年平均含油率为46.02％、芥酸含量0.25％、硫苷含量18.45 μmol/（g·饼）.生产试验中平均产量达2 119.5 kg/hm2,平均比CK中油杂2号增产0.73％,于2009年12月通过国家品种审定委员会审定.[结论]该研究可用以指导油菜大面积生产,提高产量.     

地沟油燃烧热的测定

[目的]探索基于氧弹法测定液态样品的方法,并以此测定地沟油的燃烧热.[方法]将点火电热丝弯曲成U型或绕成螺旋状,浸没入盛有地沟油样品的坩埚中,充氧测定.[结果]测得的地沟油燃烧热值与已报道的油类物质燃烧热较接近.[结论]测定出的地沟油燃烧热数据可为地沟油的燃料化研究提供数据参考.     

超临界CO2萃取琉璃苣芳香油参数的优化

采用超临界CO2萃取技术,利用正交设计对琉璃苣(Borago officinlis)芳香油萃取参数进行了优化研究.结果表明,影响超临界CO2萃取量最重要因子为萃取压力,其次是萃取温度;最佳萃取工艺参数组合为萃取压力20 MPa、萃取温度35℃、萃取时间2.0 h、CO2流量3.0 L/h.采用该参数组合进行超临界CO2萃取,琉璃苣芳香油含量高达0.684％.     

甘蓝型油菜无花瓣黄子品系选育

为选育甘蓝型无花瓣黄子高油油菜(Brassica napus L.)品种,以显性黄子油菜品系06H440为母本,与自育黑子无花瓣品系AP1进行杂交、回交和连续多代自交,不同回交世代群体隔离种植,以无花瓣和黄子性状为选择标记,采用单株选择和混合选择相结合,品质筛选和抗病鉴定相结合,选育出一系列甘蓝型无花瓣黄子油菜品系.这些品系表现出完全无花瓣、黄色种皮、品质符合低芥酸和低硫甙指标、舍油量高、抗菌核病能力较强及可作为亲本配制高产高油杂交油菜品种等多项优良性状.     

改善打瓜籽脱壳化学方法的研究

试验以打瓜籽为原料,对改善打瓜籽脱壳化学方法的工艺进行研究。分别选取氢氧化钠、氢氧化钙、盐酸、柠檬酸四种浸泡液进行试验,并以外壳颜色、整仁率、仁颜色、酸碱存留度等指标进行综合评价,确定试验工艺参数为:5%HCl,60℃水浴加热0.5 h,120℃高温烘烤1 h,在此条件下,打瓜籽易脱壳且外形美观,酸残留量较少,感官评定91分。