New species of the giant deep‐sea isopod genus Bathynomus (Crustacea,Isopoda, Cirolanidae) from Hainan Island,South China Sea

Several specimens of the giant deep‐sea isopod genus Bathynomus were collected by a deep‐sea lander at a depth of 898 m near Hainan Island in the northern South China Sea. After careful examination, this material and the specimens collected from the Gulf of Aden, north‐western Indian Ocean, previously reported as Bathynomus sp., were identified to be the same as a new species to the genus. Bathynomus jamesi sp. nov. can be distinguished from the congeners by: the distal margin of pleotelson with 11 or 13 short straight spines and central spine not bifid; uropodal endopod and exopod with distolateral corner slightly pronounced; clypeus with lateral margins concave; and antennal flagellum extending when extended posteriorly reaches the pereonite 3. In addition, Bathynomus jamesi sp. nov. is also supported by molecular analyses based on mitochondrial COI and 16S rRNA gene sequences. The distribution range of the new species includes the western Pacific and north‐western Indian Ocean.     

Growth,immunity and ammonia excretion of albino and normal Apostichopus japonicus (Selenka) feeding with various experimental diets

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of six experimental diets on growth performance, ammonia excretion and immunity of albino and normal Apostichopus japonicus. A factorial design was used, the factors being type of diets (six levels) and colour of A. japonicus (two levels). A total of 30 randomly selected albino A. japonicus were housed in each (60 × 50 × 30 cm³) of 18 blue plastic aquaria to form six groups in triplicate, and the same set‐up was used for the normal A. japonicus. Each group of animals was fed with one of the six experimental diets. Apparent dry matter digestibility (ADMD) and apparent crude protein digestibility (ACPD) were analysed using acid‐insoluble ash (AIA) content method. At the end of the experiment, all A. japonicus were harvested and weighed to calculate growth parameters. After weighing, six individuals from each aquarium were randomly sampled for immune indices. Results indicated that all growth parameters of A. japonicus increased with decreasing nutrient content in their diets (p < .01), whereas an opposite result was observed in case of the ammonia‐nitrogen production by A. japonicus. Normal A. japonicus grew better (p < .01) and produced lower (p < .01) quantity of ammonia nitrogen compared to the albino A. japonicus. Immunity particularly superoxide dismutase and lysozyme activities was higher (p < .05) in normal compared to albino A. japonicus. Considering all measured variables, D1 (diet containing crude protein, crude lipid, carbohydrate and crude ash 51.8, 8.7, 231.3, 708.2 g/kg, respectively) was the best diet among all experimental diets. More research is still needed to optimize nutrients in the diet of A. japonicus, as this study does not provide information about critical threshold level of nutrients in diets. Until then, diet D1 can be recommended for A. japonicus aquaculture.     

海产品供应链与海水生态养殖的博弈分析

研究不同海产品供应链中各节点行为的选择和博弈关系,分析因此给生态养殖模式推广带来的影响。分析结果表明,在无中间商的供应链中,由于信息不对称,进行生态养殖的养殖户获得的收益比进行普通养殖方式要小,生态养殖无法得到推广。而在有中间商的供应链中,生态养殖模式得到了很好的推广,养殖户的收入也随之增加。可见有中间商的海产品供应链将是未来发展的趋势。     

海泥附着基的青蛤工厂化育苗试验

以海泥为附着基的青蛤工厂化育苗试验于2004年6月28日至10月12日在汀苏灌东盐场的育苗场进行。第一批试验的育苗水体为87.5 m3,平均单位育苗量为96.7 g·m-3(66.8×104ind·m-3);第二批试验的育苗水体为70.0 m3,平均单位育苗量为108.8 g·m-3(40.5×104ind·m-3);第3批试验的育苗水体为105.0 m3,平均单位育苗量为96.0 g·m-3(49.9×104ind·m-3)。在3批262.5 m3育苗总水体中,共培育出单水管期稚贝104 600 g(55 665.1×104ind),单位水体育苗量的总平均数为99.6 g·m-3(3批个体数53.0×104ind·m-3) 附苗率达到86%- 88%。     

Ecological damage assessment and compensation for reclaimed coastal pond aquaculture: A case study in Qingduizi Bay,China

Mariculture ponds, most of which are reclaimed from coastal wetlands, have increased dramatically worldwide. However, ecological damage and compensation of these reclaimed mariculture ponds have not been assessed. A framework was presented to assess ecological damages of reclaimed pond mariculture and applied to the Qingduizi Bay, a typical pond mariculture area in the northern Yellow Sea of China. The results show that ecosystem services affected by reclaimed pond mariculture include marine capture fishery, gene resource provision, climate regulation, erosion control, waste treatment, science and education value, nutrient cycle and storage, and nursery/habitat. Among the values obtained from all services, the average score of damage severity to habitat services (0.74) was the highest. The total value of ecological damage associated with reclaimed mariculture in Qingduizi Bay was approximately 86,858.48 yuan hm^?2 a^?1, which is 29 times higher than the sea usage fee standard (3,000 yuan hm^?2 a^?1) currently implemented. Results suggest that the government should update the sea area usage fee with ecological damage compensation for reclamation mariculture and collect enough money to restore damaged marine ecosystem. Moreover, the general framework could also be transferable to other reclamation pond mariculture areas and used to examine reclamation mariculture proposals at different scales.     

Effect of dietary microminerals in early weaning diets on growth,survival, mineral contents and gene expression in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata,L) larvae

In previous studies, combined inclusion of Zn, Mn and Se in early weaning diets improved larval growth, but suggested a potential toxicity by one of these elements. The present study aimed to determine the effect of the single inclusion of Zn, Mn, Se or Cu, their combination (Control+) or their absence (Control?) on larval diets. At the end of the trial, survival was significantly (p < .05) lowest in fish fed C+ diet (17.16 ± 7% mean ± SD), followed by that of larvae fed Mn diet (21.91 ± 7%). The highest survival was obtained by Cu diet (35.27 ± 15%), followed by C? diet (34.58 ± 9%). Cu and Se supplementation significantly improved total length and body weight, in comparison with the C? fish. On the contrary, fish fed Mn and C+ showed the lowest growth. Supplementation with Zn or Cu significantly increased CuZnsod, whereas gpx was significantly upregulated in fish fed Se and C+ diets. ARA/EPA level was significantly highest and DHA/EPA lowest in larvae fed the Cu diet in fish fed C+ diet. The results pointed out the importance of supplementation with Cu, as well as Se and Zn, on early weaning diets for gilthead sea bream, and the potential toxic effect of Mn.     

饥饿状态下真鲷仔鱼早期阶段的高温,低盐耐力和浮力

（１）真鲷初孵仔鱼的高温和低盐耐力分别为３０℃和３．８‰，随饥饿程度加剧，耐力逐渐下降至２７℃和６．５‰，投饵仔鱼随着发育推进，耐高温能力增强，耐低盐耐力出现波动。（２）真鲷早期仔鱼的低盐耐力和浮力变化与仔鱼体内水分含量有关。（３）开口后３日龄和ＰＮＲ是真鲷仔鱼对外界环境的敏感期，其对高温和低盐耐力很低。     

用计算机对沿岸海浪现场观测的统计特征研究

为了分析广西北海市沿岸的波浪特征,采用计算机对SZF型波浪浮标观测一个月（2008年6月份）的风浪过程资料,并对其进行了统计分析和谱分析,给出了波高和周期分布,以及特征波要素和波谱关系。结果表明,观测期间风向很稳定,以SW和S为主,风速主要在1~3级,2级风的出现频率为40%,1级风为25%,3级风的出现频率为24.2%;波高以3级为主,出现率达66%;主波向出现的频率主要在S向,占35.4%。从风向和浪向来看,S、SW向的波主要是风或外海海浪共同作用所致,但波向与风向一般都有一定的差别,综其原因是风速和风向的变化较快,而波浪的变化有一定的延迟所致,实测波高分布与瑞利分布基本相符。     

Effect of broodstock diets on total lipids and fatty acid composition of larvae of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.) during yolksac stage

Total lipid content and total lipid fatty acid compositions were studied in larvae at the yolksac stage of gilthead sea bream from two different broodstocks. The two broodstock diets had the same total lipid content but were different with respect to their fatty acid levels. There were differences in the fatty acid composition of total lipids in the two groups of larvae, reflecting the influence of fatty acid levels in the diets fed to the broodstock. The main fatty acids in both larvae lots during yolksac stage were 16:0, 18:1n-9 and 22:6n-3. The desaturation index Δx = [P + Σ (n − x) − Σ (n − x) diet]/P allowed the determination of the relative importance of the Δ9, Δ6, Δ5 and Δ4 desaturations during the egg and larval yolksac stages. The levels of total lipid fatty acids in eggs and larvae during yolksac period were almost constant and very low desaturation and elongation activities were apparent. A competitive inhibition was observed between the fatty acids of the n-6 series with respect to the ones of the n-3 series in those eggs and larvae from broodstock whose diet contained a high proportion of linoleic acid and its derivatives.     

智利外海茎柔鱼资源密度分布与渔场环境的关系

根据2006年4-6月我国鱿钓船对东南太平洋智利外海茎柔鱼探捕所获资料,采用效能比方法,对茎柔鱼资源密度指标CPUE值进行了估算.分析表明,整个探捕海域均有茎柔鱼分布,且资源密度较高,但不同区域资源密度有所差异.南部区域(78°30'～84°W,37°30'～41°S),CPUE范围为0.4～10.3尾/线·h,平均2.8尾/线·h,高CPUE(5.0尾/线·h以上)区域分布在79°～79°30'W、40°～40°30'S附近.北部区域(76°～78°W,28°～30°S),CPUE范围为1.0～5.6尾/线·h,平均3.1尾/线·h,高CPUE(5.0尾/线·h以上)区域分布在28°30'S、77°W附近.南部和北部区域的温盐结构差异显著,南部区域各层的水温和盐度均低于北部区域相应水层.经分析,南部区域CPUE与上层(25～75 m)水温和深水层(300～325 m)盐度的关系较为密切,北部区域CPUE与深层水温(150～250 m)和盐度的关系较为密切.