武汉市江夏区苗木产业现状及发展探讨

花卉苗木是颇具前途的朝阳产业,武汉市江夏区发展花卉苗木产业具有得天独厚的自然资源优势和气候资源优势。通过分析这一地区花卉产业发展现状、问题和潜力,对武汉地区发展花卉苗木产业的对策与措施进行探讨。     

山葡萄‘双红’、‘双优’在戈壁滩上栽培的表现

报道我国西部栽培的‘双红’和‘双优’两个山葡萄品种不埋土能正常越冬,调查、测定和分析这两个山葡萄品种在冬季寒冷、冬春又极干旱的西部戈壁滩上栽培的生产表现。两个山葡萄品种根系耐低温能力比欧亚种酿酒葡萄品种强,枝条保水能力更强,因此,在干旱荒漠的戈壁石砾地上不埋土能安全越冬和抗御春日多风和干旱。一年生枝条长势好,花芽能正常形成,但在开花季节花序干枯和脱落现象严重。‘双红’、‘双优’山葡萄表现生产性能差、果穗少、果穗小、穗重轻、果粒小,故产量低,仅为原产地的1／3,但其品质好,可溶性固形物高出3．9～4．6个百分点。为使‘双红’、‘双优’在河西戈壁滩上栽培,既不埋土又有较高的产量,提出一些解决措施。     

电控喷油器智能测试系统数据通讯技术研究

电控喷油器的性能是决定电控系统设计的重要因素,直接影响车用发动机燃油控制单元的精确性.对电控喷油器智能测试系统进行了开发研究.使用计算机的RS-232接口与单片机进行串行通讯.采用VB6.0对上位机进行编程控制,实现了上下位机之间的实时通讯.快捷地控制喷油器的运行,并能够实时地获取喷油器喷射量,实现电控喷油器的智能测试.     

正交设计法研究花生粗脂肪含量测定方法

以石油醚为浸提剂,选择浸提温度、浸提时间和淋洗时间3个因素,根据L9(34)正交设计表,用FOSS2050型脂肪测定仪对索氏提取法测定花生粗脂肪含量进行了研究。结果表明,淋洗时间对花生粗脂肪含量测定结果影响最大,其次是浸提时间;花生粗脂肪含量测定的最佳提取方案为浸提温度120℃、浸提时间80 min、淋洗时间30 min。     

惠东绿棋楠沉香构造及化学特征分析

由于绿棋楠沉香是公认的顶级沉香,近年来市场出现大规模的人工栽培绿棋楠沉香,但目前缺乏科学的鉴定依据及精准的质量分级指标,阻碍了绿棋楠沉香功能性产品的开发及拓展。以22批次的惠东绿棋楠沉香为研究对象,结合外观及构造特征、乙醇提取物含量和化学成分分析,研究惠东绿棋楠的特点。结果显示,结香时间为10~18个月的惠东绿棋楠油脂含量丰富,其乙醇提取物在21.45%~53.12%之间,平均值为41.10%,这为绿棋楠的质量分级提供了依据;惠东绿棋楠乙醇提取物中的主要成分为2-(2-苯乙基)色酮类化合物,占其总含量的47.72%~99.29%,是惠东绿棋楠中重要的化学成分,可作为惠东绿棋楠的鉴定依据。     

酶工程技术在茶叶深加工中的应用及展望

根据前人研究成果从酶工程技术的研究角度出发,总结近年来该技术在茶叶深加工领域的应用,包括茶黄素、茶氨酸、儿茶素衍生物等茶叶天然产物的合成;茶多酚、茶多糖等天然产物的提取;速溶茶的加工和茶饮料的澄清、保香增香等方面,并对其应用前景加以展望。     

Effects of Exogenous Materials on Nitrogen Photosynthetic Efficiency and Yield Formation of japonica Rice in Cold Region Under Cold Water Stress at Booting Stage

【Objective】Our goal is to develop disaster-reducing, production-preserving and chemical-controlling cultivation techniques to effectively resist cold damage at the booting stage of japonica rice in cold region.【Method】The split plot design and the central combination test design were used to screen out the optimal application concentrations of CaCl2, glutamic acid(Glu), and γ-aminobutyric acid(GABA) through the membership function values of yield-related indicators under cold-water stress at booting stage.【Result】1) Under cold water stress at the booting stage, the optimal concentrations of exogenous CaCl2, Glu and GABA (CGG) were 1.87 mmol/L, 2.76 mg/L, 4.40 mmol/L, respectively and the average membership function value is the largest (0.932). 2) Compared with normal irrigation, the nitrogen photosynthetic efficiency of cold-region japonica rice decreased under cold stress at the booting stage. Compared with cold water stress at the booting stage, CGG application at the optimal concentration significantly increased the leaf area index (5.37%) and nitrogen photosynthetic efficiency (4.53%) of Dongnong 428 at the full heading stage; significantly increased leaf biomass per leaf area (2.56%) and leaf area index (3.39%) of Songjing 10 at the full heading stage. 3) Compared with cold water stress at the booting stage, the application of the optimal concentration of CGG increased the dry matter accumulation from heading stage to maturity in the cold-region japonica rice, but it was still lower than that of the normal irrigation, and there were differences between varieties and treatments. 4) Compared with cold water stress at booting stage, the yield and yield components of cold-region japonica rice increased with the application of the optimal concentration CGG, and the impact on cold-sensitive varieties was more significant. 5) Compared with the cold water stress at the booting stage, the average increase in temperature production efficiency of Dongnong 428 and Songjing 10 was 5.55% and 23.72% under the optimal concentrations of CGG, respectively. The contribution rate of exogenous CGG to the gap of temperature production efficiency is 8.99%.【Conclusion】The application of the optimal concentration of CGG under cold water stress at the booting stage promoted leaf growth of cold-region japonica rice at the full heading stage and increased the population nitrogen photosynthetic efficiency, which was beneficial to dry matter accumulation and yield formation after heading stage, thereby reducing the loss of cold-region japonica rice under cold water stress at booting stage and improving the temperature production efficiency of cold-region japonica rice.     

基于盐胁迫的小麦农艺性状多样性分析及评价

为筛选耐盐性优良的小麦资源,在0、0.3%和0.5%NaCl处理下,对黄淮麦区的132个小麦品种的8个数量性状进行了遗传多样性、相关性、主成分分析和耐盐性评价。结果表明,供试材料具有丰富的遗传多样性,且随盐浓度的升高,被测指标的变异系数和遗传多样性指数逐渐增大,其中单株成穗数、穗下茎节长和单株产量的变异系数均大于10%;除株高外,其他性状的遗传多样性指数均大于2。相关分析表明,在高盐(0.5%NaCl)胁迫下,株高与单株产量极显著正相关,而在低盐(0.3%NaCl)胁迫下则相关不显著;在低盐胁迫下,千粒重与单株产量极显著正相关,而在高盐胁迫下相关性不显著。主成分分析表明,在低盐、高盐胁迫下,前4个主成分累计贡献率达到82.677%、88.897%。以综合耐盐指数为依据,发现河北省的衡4399、石麦15,山东省的青麦6号、青丰1号、青农2号和烟农5286,河南省的洛旱6号、郑麦366、周麦22号、周麦23号和周麦28号共11个品种在两种盐分条件下均表现为耐盐性强。结合田间群体表现和产量,认为周麦22号、洛旱6号、郑366、青农2号、烟5286和衡4399为高产耐盐小麦种质资源,可在耐盐育种工作中加以利用。     

南疆棉区棉花利用氟节胺打顶技术试验

为探讨南疆棉区棉花化学打项技术,以减轻棉花栽培的劳动强度,作者于2013年在新疆生产建设兵团第三师农业科学研究所试验基地,利用烟草抑芽剂氟节胺进行棉花化学打顶试验。结果表明：施用氟节胺处理与对照相比,在一定程度上可有效控制棉株的生长;其产量略低于对照,株高高于对照,果枝层数增加,但空果枝数、脱落数增多;绒长变短,不孕籽率增多,单铃重量轻。     

阿克苏地区经济发展与建设用地集约利用耦合研究

以阿克苏地区的经济发展与建设用地集约利用的两个子系统为研究对象,基于二者与社会协同理论,同时运用熵值法、统计分析、系统评价和耦合模型等方法对其进行研究。建立阿克苏地区经济发展与建设用地耦合模型,然后对耦合关系进行探讨,揭示经济发展与建设用地集约利用的关系。研究结果表明,阿克苏地区经济发展和建设用地集约利用水平都较低;经济发展—建设用地集约利用系统中两子系统在反正切函数模型中的协调性越来越差;两子系统在经济和建设用地集约利用水平较低时高度耦合,阿克苏地区的经济水平较建设用地集约利用水平快速发展,建设用地集约水平急需改善。