地塞米松和饲粮能量水平对肉仔鸡能量采食及神经肽Y基因表达的影响

本试验旨在探讨注射地塞米松(DEX)模拟应激状态下,应激和饲粮能量水平对肉仔鸡能量采食的影响。选取体重相近的180只23日龄的雄性爱拔益加(AA)肉鸡随机分成6组,每组3个重复,每个重复10只鸡。试验采用2×3析因设计,因素为DEX[处理(注射DEX2 mg/kg)、未处理(注射等剂量生理盐水)]和饲粮能量水平[高能(HE)、低能(LE)以及高能、低能自由采食(H-LE)]。预试期5 d,正试期7 d。结果表明:1)DEX处理极显著降低了肉仔鸡的采食量和体增重(P<0.01),极显著提高了耗料增重比、耗能增重比、腹脂率以及血浆葡萄糖、甘油三酯和尿酸的浓度(P<0.01),显著提高了肠道指数(P<0.05)。2)采用LE饲粮体增重(P<0.05)、腹脂率(P<0.01)显著低于其他2种饲粮,耗料增重比显著低于HE饲粮(P<0.05);采用HE饲粮耗能增重比极显著高于其他2种饲粮(P<0.01);采用H-LE饲粮神经肽Y(NPY)基因表达量显著高于LE饲粮(P<0.05)。3)DEX、饲粮能量水平对耗料增重比(P<0.05)和耗能增重比(P<0.01)的影响存在显著的互作效应。结果提示,DEX应激可使肉仔鸡血浆中葡萄糖、尿酸和甘油三酯的浓度升高;DEX应激和HE饲粮均能增加脂肪在腹部沉积,提高耗料增重比和耗能增重比;H-LE饲粮能上调肉仔鸡下丘脑NPY基因表达。     

饲粮蛋白质水平对冬毛期水貂胃肠道消化酶活性以及空肠形态结构的影响

本文旨在研究饲粮蛋白质水平对冬毛期水貂胃肠道消化酶活性以及空肠形态结构的影响。选择 ９０日龄的健康公貂 ６０只,随机分成 ６组（每组 １０个重复,每个重复 １只）,分别饲喂蛋白质水平为 ２８％（Ⅰ组）、３０％（Ⅱ组）、３２％（Ⅲ组）、３４％（Ⅳ组）、３６％（Ⅴ组）和 ３８％（Ⅵ组）的试验饲粮。预试期 ７ｄ,正试期 １１５ｄ。饲养试验结束后进行屠宰,制备胃肠道内容物上清液,用于测定消化酶活性;制备空肠组织切片,用于观察空肠的形态结构。结果表明：Ⅴ组水貂的胃蛋白酶活性极显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组（Ｐ＜０．０１）,与Ⅳ和Ⅵ组差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５）。Ⅳ组水貂的十二指肠和空肠胰淀粉酶活性极显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ和Ⅵ组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。Ⅳ和Ⅴ组水貂的回肠胰淀粉酶活性显著或极显著高于Ⅰ和Ⅱ组（Ｐ＜０．０５或 Ｐ＜０．０１）。Ⅳ组水貂的十二指肠胰蛋白酶活性极显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅴ和Ⅵ组（Ｐ＜０．０１）,空肠胰蛋白酶活性极显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ和Ⅵ组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。Ⅲ组水貂的回肠胰蛋白酶活性显著高于Ⅵ组（Ｐ＜０．０５）,与其他各组差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５）。Ⅵ组水貂的十二指肠胰脂肪酶活性显著或极显著高于Ⅱ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ组（Ｐ＜０．０５或 Ｐ＜０．０１）,空肠胰脂肪酶活性显著或极显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ组（Ｐ＜０．０５或 Ｐ＜０．０１）。Ⅰ、Ⅲ和Ⅴ组水貂的回肠胰脂肪酶活性极显著高于Ⅱ和Ⅵ组（Ｐ＜０．０１）,与Ⅳ组差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５）。饲粮蛋白质水平为 ３６％时,水貂空肠绒毛高度、隐窝深度、绒毛高度与隐窝深度比值、黏膜厚度以及肠壁厚度均处在较高水平。由此得出,饲粮蛋白质水平可影响冬毛期水貂胃肠道消化酶活性,并可调节其空肠形态结构。     

饲粮不同能量水平对产蛋初期肉种鸡产蛋性能、蛋品质和蛋组分的影响

本研究旨在研究饲粮不同能量水平对爱拔益加（ＡＡ）肉种鸡产蛋初期产蛋性能、蛋品质以及蛋组分的影响。试验采用单因子试验设计,选用 ２０周龄体重相近的 ＡＡ肉种母鸡 ３００羽,随机分为 ３组,每组 ５个重复,每个重复 ２０羽。在产蛋率达 ５％（２６周龄）后开始正式试验（２７～４０周龄）,对照组饲喂玉米 －豆粕型基础饲粮,高能组、低能组饲喂能量水平分别为基础饲粮能量 １２０％和 ８０％的饲粮,各组均限饲,且饲喂量相同,试验期为 ９８ｄ。结果表明：１）与对照组相比,高能组和低能组的产蛋率、蛋重显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０５）,低能组合格率显著高于对照组和高能组（Ｐ＜０．０５）,且随着饲粮能量水平降低,破蛋率显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０５）。２）与对照组相比,高能组肉种鸡 ３５、４０周龄的蛋黄颜色有显著提高（Ｐ＜０．０５）,低能组无显著变化（Ｐ＞０．０５）,且能量水平对其他蛋品质指标无显著影响（Ｐ＞０．０５）。３）与对照组相比,在 ３５周龄时,高能组的蛋黄相对重和蛋黄粗脂肪、蛋黄总胆固醇含量显著升高（Ｐ＜０．０５）,蛋黄粗蛋白质、蛋清粗蛋白质、蛋清粗脂肪含量显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０５）;低能组的蛋清相对重、蛋黄总胆固醇含量显著升高（Ｐ＜０．０５）,蛋清粗蛋白质含量显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０５）,各组蛋壳相对重和蛋清干物质、蛋黄干物质含量均无显著差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。在 ４０周龄时,高能组的蛋清相对重、蛋壳相对重、蛋黄粗脂肪含量显著升高（Ｐ＜０．０５）,蛋黄相对重、蛋黄粗蛋白质含量显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０５）;低能组的蛋清相对重显著升高（Ｐ＜０．０５）,蛋黄相对重显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０５）;各组蛋清干物质、蛋黄干物质、蛋清粗蛋白质、蛋清粗脂肪、蛋黄总胆固醇含量均无显著差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。上述结果表明,在肉种鸡产蛋初期,高能组较高的饲粮成本却导致了肉种鸡较差的产蛋性能,低能组的产蛋率虽然低于对照组,但合格率却有明显的优势,而且蛋品质及蛋组分不受影响。因此,低能量饲粮可能更有利于生产实践。     

饲粮蛋白质水平对早期断奶仔猪氮代谢的影响

选择30头28日龄断奶仔猪（平均体重4．5kg），研究饲粮粗蛋白质（CP）水平对早期断奶仔猪氮代谢的影响。结果显示：（1）饲粮CP水平分别与CP摄入量、CP表现消化率、可消化CP摄入量、未消化CP摄入量存在显著（P＜0．05）或极显著（P＜0．01）的正相关；（2）CP真消化率不受饲粮CP水平的影响，两者的相关关系不显著（P＞0．05）；（3）仔猪内源粪氮排泄量为0．22g／日，内源粪氮占干物质摄入量的比值为2．6g／kg；（4）饲粮CP水平分别与盲肠内容物中挥发性盐基氮（VBN）和氨氮（AN）含量的相关关系不显著（P＞0．05），但饲粮CP水平分别与结肠内容物中VBN和AN含量存在显著（P＜0．05）的正相关；（5）饲粮CP水平分别与血浆VBN和尿素氮含量存在显著（P＜0．05）和极显著（P＜0．01）的正相关，但血浆AN含量则不受饲粮CP水平的影响，两者的相关关系不显著（P＞0．05）。结果表明，随着饲粮CP水平升高，CP的真消化率不变，进入大肠的蛋白质量增加，结肠内蛋白质的腐败作用增强，血中含氮代谢产物增多。     

高钙日粮对蛋铜及子代出壳雏鸡体内铜含量的影响

在蛋鸡基础日粮中添加不同水平的钙,研究了高钙日粮对其蛋铜及子代出壳雏鸡血铜和组织铜含量的影响。结果显示,高钙日粮对铜含量影响不规律,其效应因脏器组织而异。     

Effects of Different Forced Molting Methods on Postmolt Production,Corticosterone Level,and Immune Response to Sheep Red Blood Cells in Laying Hens

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different molting methods on postmolt production, plasma corticosterone levels, and antibody production to SRBC for the welfare of laying hens. This experiment was conducted with 120 IGH-type Brown laying hens (70 wk of age), randomly divided into 3 experimental groups. The hens in one group were fed a whole-grain barley diet during the first 10 d (WB diet). On d 11, hens consumed 100 g of layer diet/d until d 28. In the second group, hens were fed a Zn diet containing 10,000 mg/kg of Zn as ZnO for 10 d (Zn diet). Hens were then provided 100 g of a layer diet from d 11 to 28. In the third group, feed was withdrawn for 10 d, and on d 11 hens were fed a cracked corn diet ad libitum until d 28 (California method; CAL diet). Hens in all groups were returned to the layer diet ad libitum on d 29. Egg weight was lower in the Zn treatment than in the other treatments. Feed intake and plasma corticosterone levels were higher and antibody production was lower in the CAL treatment than in the WB and Zn groups. The FCR was better in the WB than in the Zn group. Mortality, egg production, and egg quality were not significantly different among the molting methods. As a result, the WB molting program was the best method for postmolt production among the programs examined.     

NaCl胁迫下高羊茅生长及K+、Na+吸收与运输的动态变化

通过室内水培试验研究探讨了NaCl胁迫对高羊茅苗期生长及K 、Na 吸收与运输的影响及其随时间的变化.结果表明,高羊茅苗期的干物质重和分蘖数随盐分水平的升高而降低,且与NaCl浓度存在极显著的负相关关系(r=-0.990 2**);NaCl胁迫对高羊茅苗期茎叶生长的抑制作用大于对根系的影响;NaCl盐浓度的增加使高羊茅地上部干物质重、K 的相对含量、K / Na 、S K / Na 吸收降低,Na 的相对含量增高;胁迫时间对K 、Na 含量的影响显著.高羊茅根系对K 的吸收具有较高的选择性,吸收选择性系数S K / Na 吸收主要受环境盐分浓度的影响,但运输选择性系数S K / Na 运输却主要受胁迫时间的影响,且盐分阈值随胁迫和生长时间的增加而呈下降趋势.     

扁蓿豆遗传多样性研究初探

论述了扁蓿豆遗传多样性研究的依据,利用不同生境条件下生长的野生和栽培品种,采用形态标记、细胞标记、生化标记和分子标记的方法多方面地对扁蓿豆进行遗传多样性的研究。     

小灵猫繁育技术的研究

小灵猫的繁育技术尚未成功,尤其是仔猫哺育中母猫食仔的难题没有解决。在１９８６～１９９５年,我们对小灵猫的发情、配种、妊娠、产仔、母猫哺育和仔猫的人工哺乳作了试验。在此基础上形成了一套技术方案,并且在仔猫哺育上取得了突破性进展。     

Effect of dietary supplementation of chitosan and galacto-mannan-oligosaccharide on serum parameters and the insulin-like growth factor-I mRNA expression in early-weaned piglets

The study was to determine effects of dietary supplementation of chitosan (COS) and galacto-mannan-oligosaccharids (GMOS) on some serum biochemical indices, serum growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) levels, and hepatic and long gissimus muscle IGF-I mRNA expression in early-weaned piglets. Twenty six Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire piglets at the age of 15 days were used. The piglets had access to creep feed during the suckling. Six piglets were sacrificed for sampling at the beginning of the study. The other 20 piglets were individually housed in metabolic cages and randomly allotted to four corn and soybean meal-based diets including the control group, the antibiotic group with 110 mg lincomycin/kg diet, the COS group containing 0.025% COS, and the GMOS group with 0.20% GMOS, respectively, in a 2-week feeding experiment. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level was reduced whereas serum total protein concentration was increased (P < 0.05) in responses to the COS and GMOS supplementation. Dietary supplementation of COS and GMOS also increased (P < 0.05) the serum GH and IGF-I levels along with enhanced hepatic and the muscle IGF-I mRNA abundance. Dietary supplementation of oligosaccharides such as COS and GMOS may improve growth and feed conversion efficiency by increasing plasma GH and IGF-I levels, in the early-weaned piglets.