Efficiency of Land Utilizationand Urbanization Progress of China

Urbanization is a process that is undergoing all over the world, which will speed up in the forthcoming years, especially in China as the boom of economy. On average, urbanization level is not only depended on the speed, but theefficiency, particularly efficiency of using land resource which affects urbanization directly. This paper provided status quo of land resource utilization efficiency, indictors, methods and factors, and illustrated the reference of well land utilization, aiming at fostering urbanization in China.     

Old and New Cultivars of Soya Bean (Glycine max L.) Subjected to Soil Drying Differ in Abscisic Acid Accumulation,Water Relations Characteristics and Yield

Two old (Huangsedadou and Longxixiaohuangpi (LX)) and two new (Jindou 19 (JD) and Zhonghuang 30 (ZH)) soya bean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) cultivars were used to investigate the influence of soil drying on the abscisic acid (ABA) accumulation in leaves, stomatal conductance (g_s), leaf water relations, osmotic adjustment (OA), leaf desiccation tolerance, yield and yield components. The greater ABA accumulation was induced by soil drying, which also inducing g_s decreased at higher soil water contents (SWC) and leaf relative water content (RWC) significantly decreased at lower SWC in the new soya bean cultivars than in the old soya bean cultivars. The soil water threshold between the value at which stomata began to close and the RWC began to decrease was significantly broader in the new cultivars than in the old cultivars. The new cultivars had significantly higher OA and lower lethal leaf water potential than old cultivars when the soil dried. The old cultivars had greater biomass, but lower grain yield than the new cultivars in well‐watered, moderate stress and severe stress conditions. Thus with soil drying, the new soya bean cultivars demonstrated greater adaptation to drought by inducing greater ABA accumulation, stomatal closure at higher SWC, enhanced OA and better water relations, associated with increased leaf desiccation tolerance, greater water use efficiency and higher yield.     

毛竹林新型经营模式

浙江省衢县１９９２年来历时６ａ结合“竹林定向培育与综合利用技术开发”项目的实施，因地制宜，把采伐青竹造纸原料纳入竹林生产，开展了毛竹林新型经营模式的试验研究，生产竹笋、青竹和成竹等主要产品，有效地促进了资源的合理利用。此种经营模式比笋竹二用林更具市场竞争力，减少了市场风险，提高了竹林效益。特将生产竹笋、青竹和成竹的毛竹林新型模式称为笋材三用林。     

川西北高寒沙区引进桑树种试验初探

川西北地区沙化土地的急剧扩张已成为国内外关注的重大环境问题,该区域沙化治理存在植物材料单一的问题。本文从成活率、生长情况以及光合特性几个方面分析了4个桑树种在川西北高寒沙区的适应情况,结果表明4个桑树种基本能适应川西北高寒区的立地条件。     

Genetic Variability in Phosphorus Acquisition and Utilization Efficiency from Sparingly Soluble P-Sources by Brassica Cultivars under P-Stress Environment

Plants display an array of classical strategies to maximize phosphate (Pi) acquisition from sparingly soluble P sources. Acclimation to Pi-stress via elegant Pi-starvation induced (PSI) adjustments would reduce our current overreliance on expensive, polluting and non-renewable Pi-fertilizers. Nevertheless, differences in the ability of various species to solubilize sparingly soluble P-sources have been often evidenced; inter-cultivar variations are scarcely documented. Brassica is known as an effective, non-mycorrhizal user of sparingly soluble P-sources. Various growth parameters and biomass accumulation by genetically diverse Brassica cultivars were determined in four experiments using hydroponics and quartz sand culture media. Role of PSI root mediated pH changes, organic anions (OAs) exudation and altered root architecture in mobilization and acquisition of sparingly soluble P-forms [Jordan rock-P (RP) at 2 g l⁻¹ and Ca₃(PO₄)₂ (TCP) at 0.2 g l⁻¹ respectively] was investigated. Cultivars showed considerable genetic variations in biomass accumulation, various growth parameters and root–shoot ratio. Concentration and total uptake of P, specific absorption rate of P, P-transport rate and P-utilization efficiency (PUE) were also significantly (P < 0.001) different for various cultivars and their dry matter was significantly correlated with P-uptake [r = 0.94** (significant at 1% level)]. P-tolerant cultivars showed substantial decrease in solution media pH because of H⁺ efflux and exuded more carboxylates than low P-sensitive cultivars under P-starvation. P-uptake by cultivars increased linearly with decreasing pH. The amount and types of OAs exuded from the roots of P-starved plants differed from those of plants grown under P-sufficient environment. In split pot study, with TCP and RP supplied spatially separated from other nutrients, efficient cultivars were still able to mobilize RP and TCP more efficiently than inefficient cultivars. In rhizobox study, the elongation rates of primary roots decreased but the elongation rates of the branched zones of primary roots and the length of lateral roots increased under P-starvation. Tested cultivars showed genetic diversity in accessing, mobilization, acquisition and utilization of Pi from sparingly soluble P forms. An arrange marriage of plant traits can explain cultivar’s access to different forms of sparingly soluble P, and in addition to altered lateral root topology and enhanced P-uptake and PUE, enhanced H⁺ efflux and OAs exudation are key factors in Pi scavenging from extra cellular sparingly soluble P-forms.     

内蒙古杭锦旗穿沙公路沿线水资源合理开发利用

内蒙古杭锦旗“穿沙公路”,穿越库布齐沙漠 ,沿线防沙治沙工程及生态工程的建设 ,均与水资源的合理开发利用有密切关系。本文根据已有资料和野外调查结果 ,对公路沿线水资源的基本特征进行了分析 ,提出了水资源合理开发利用的措施和建议 ,可为实践工作所参考。     

网络环境下的信息收集

通过对网络信息资源的特点分析,揭示了网络信息资源的组织方式和表现形式,提出了网络环境下,信息收集的一些可行性建议。     

永定河下游沙地风沙活动典型分析

本研究以永定河河滩流动沙地为对象,通过对永定河河滩流动沙地及周边稀疏草地的风沙流活动、粗糙度、沙丘运移等的定位与半定位试验观测,对永定河河滩流动沙地的风沙流活动规律进行研究,并对该地区风沙流活动的影响因子进行了分析。结果表明,河滩地下垫面风沙流特征存在显著的差异,下垫面覆盖物不同时地表粗糙度也不同。     

Chemical Manipulation of Reproductive Efficiency of Chickpea (Cicer arietinnum L.) by Triadimefon in Relation to Changes in Ethylene

Reproductive efficiency was successfully manipulated by the application of different concentrations of triadimefon at pre‐flowering, flowering and post‐flowering stages in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Triadimefon improved the parameters determining reproductive efficiency. Yield was significantly improved due to reductions in flower and pod abscission by the application of triadimefon, which also lowered the ethylene levels in leaves, flowers and pods and delayed senescence. These findings suggest a relationship between ethylene level and reproductive efficiency in chickpea. Further, they indicate that triadimefon can be used for chemical manipulation of the reproductive efficiency of chickpea under field conditions.