应用草地农业系统理论发展半农半牧区农村经济

在半农半牧区,草地农业系统的植物生产过程应包含种植生植物和一年生饲料作物两方面,动物生产过程是以草食畜禽为主综合发展的畜牧业生产,把草地农业系统理论应用到生产实践中,就是广泛建立生态模式家庭牧场,以期达到增加收入和农牧业持发展的目的。规划固定饲物用地可使耕种农业形成新的三元种植结构。畜牧业的发展和农业种植结构的变化,必将促进农村经济的有效和可持续发展。     

规模化牛场粪污无害化处理的基本要求

为规范牛场粪污无害化处理技术的基本要求,本文从粪污无害化处理场地的位置要求,粪污储存要求、运输要求、处理要求及处理后利用要求等方面进行了详细探讨。这些要求适用于规模化牛场的粪污无害化处理技术。     

倾销之诱发机制论——基于农民工工资过低的思考

农民工工资过低可能诱发倾销。这种可能性的实质在于凝结在产品中的劳务在不同市场以不同价格出售。劳动力价格歧视的生成，客观上必须存在宏观工资水平或（和）微观工资水平被低估的现象。要改变我国的农民工劳动力价格被低估的现象，宏观上必须及时客观地提高农民工工资水平，以反映我国的生产力发展水平和市场化水平；微观上必须加强对企业执行法规情况的检察，对其违法行为采取积极有效的措施。     

尾菜青贮乳酸菌的分离筛选及其青贮菌剂制备

从市售泡菜中分离筛选适合尾菜青贮的乳酸菌,筛选获得产酸能力强、青贮效果好的2株菌株,通过细菌形态学、API 50CH试剂条检测,鉴定SD2为植物乳杆菌,SD4为发酵乳杆菌。对两株菌株在5 L立瓶中分别进行培养,确定了各自的培养最适收获期和两株菌株配比,制备的尾菜青贮菌剂总活菌数大于1.0×109cfu/mL。     

水产下脚料对肉鸡生长性能、胴体性状及肠道健康的影响

文章旨在评估日粮添加不同水平的水产下脚料对肉鸡生长性能、胴体性状及肠道健康的影响.试验将504只体重一致的1日龄肉鸡随机分为3组,每组6个重复,每个重复28只.对照组饲喂基础日粮,处理组饲喂水产下脚料添加水平为8％和16％的日粮,对照组与处理组日粮的营养水平保持一致,试验为期6周.结果:T1和T2组42?d肉鸡体重、2...     

秦安县畜禽养殖废弃物及农作物秸秆资源化利用现状及发展对策

随着畜牧业的快速发展,畜禽废弃物已成为制约畜牧业快速发展的关键性因素,是整治农村人居生活环境与乡村振兴所面临的一大难题。本文通过分析畜禽养殖场废弃物及农作物秸秆资源化利用现状,立足当地资源优势,提出对畜禽废弃物及农作物秸秆进行合理利用的发展对策,通过变废为宝,综合合理利用,农村的人居环境得到显著改善。     

Methane production from thermophilic co‐digestion of dairy manure and waste milk obtained from therapeutically treated cows

Methane production from co‐digestion of dairy manure and waste milk, milk from cows treated with antibiotics for mastitis, was tested in a 2 × 4 factorial design. Four different waste milk percentages (w/w): 0% (SM), 10% (SMWM10), 20% (SMWM20) and 30% (SMWM30), were tested with two slurry percentages (w/w): 50% (A) and 25% (B) and the rest being manure at 55°C for 12 days in batch digesters. The results analyzed using a Gompertz model showed SMWM10 produced the highest methane production potential (P_m)/g volatile solids added followed by SM in both A and B. This P_m of SMWM10 in A and B was statistically non‐significant (P > 0.05). More than 96% of cefazolin‐resistant bacteria and 100% of multi‐drug‐resistant bacteria reductions were observed in all the treatments. Inclusion of waste milk at 10% in single stage digester enhances the methane production from dairy manure and could offer added benefit of waste milk treatment and disposal.     

Biosecurity and arable use of manure and biowaste — Treatment alternatives

The potential negative environmental impact of manure and biological waste (BW) can be minimised at a profit by recycling plant nutrients in the food chain. Current large-scale livestock production, epizootic diseases and increasing globalisation increase the need for biosecurity, to minimise the risk of disease transmission to the food chain. Arable use of manure and BW can inadvertently spread infectious diseases; opinion differs concerning the risk levels. To obtain general acceptance for arable use, a hygienically safe end-product is needed. This paper provides a detailed discussion of treatment alternatives for co-treatment, i.e., mixture before treatment of manure and BW. Composting, anaerobic digestion and ammonia treatment are the three options given. A decision support tool is also presented and discussed. Suitable treatment methods must combine biosecurity aspects with environmental, economic and nutrient recycling aspects to create a beneficial whole-farm approach.     

Integrated approach for improving small scale market oriented dairy systems in Pakistan: participatory rural appraisal and economic opportunity survey

Livestock production is an integral part of the rain-fed and irrigated agriculture system in Pakistan. Animal production is closely interlinked with the cropping systems and play a crucial role in the rural economy. Participatory rural appraisals and economic opportunity surveys were conducted in two ecological zones (irrigated and rain-fed) and two dairy production systems (peri-urban and mixed livestock). Major constraints in animal health, nutrition and reproduction were identified and interventions were suggested to overcome these difficulties. The economic opportunity survey revealed that maximum opportunity to enhance farmers’ income is to increase milk production per day per animal, which can be accomplished through coordinated improvements in nutrition, reproduction and genetics.     

现代农村物流与其主要影响因子的灰色关联度分析

影响现代农村物流的发展有许多因素.灰色关联度分析表明:农村物流发展初期,基础设施建设起着决定性的作用;自然灾害是影响农村物流发展的一个主要因素;农村城市化程度与农村居民收入水平是影响我国农村物流发展的重要因素;农村教育发展及政府相关政策也有着不同程度的影响;农村金融的发展对我国农村物流发展的作用尚未得到充分发挥.因此,在经济全球化过程中,建设我国社会主义新农村,发展农村经济,发展农村物流,必须加强农村物流基础设施建设,加快农村城市化进程,提高农村居民收入水平,大力发展农村金融,提供强有力的金融支持.