旱作多功能精密穴播轮的研究

通过旱作多功能精密穴播轮工作机理的研究,建立了容种、充种、清种、成穴过程相关数学模型,揭示了穴播轮转速、容种高度对播种质量的影响规律。     

玉米精播机漏播补偿系统设计

目前玉米免耕播种机的播种质量仍低于常规播种。本文讨论了微机控制的排种监测及漏播补偿装置，通过机电结合手段解决漏播问题。台架试验表明本装置能够准确发现漏播，并通过采取的措施实现及时补种，补种成功率可达90％以上。     

水稻"淹灌-露田"灌溉模式试验研究

在总结水稻传统淹水灌溉方式及现行节水灌溉方式的基础上，研究提出了水稻“淹灌－露田”灌溉模式，该模式具有减少灌水次数，减轻灌溉管理的劳动强度，减少斗农渠的输水时间从而提高输水效率，并可提高降雨利用率等优点，介绍了该灌溉模式的基本依据、技术要点及在湖北省宜昌市东风渠管理处灌溉试验站的试验情况，并根据2000－2001年的试验资料，对该灌溉模式的灌溉效果进行了分析。     

三江平原井灌水稻水分生产函数模型及敏感指数变化规律研究

通过田间试验，按照井灌水稻生充阶段设置不同处理水平模式，通过不同模型分析选择。建立了适合三江平原地区井灌水稻的水分生产函数模型。并对敏感指数在全生育期内变化规律做进一步研究。为井灌水稻非充分灌溉条件下的灌溉制度优化提供基础依据。     

卷盘式喷灌机选型辅助决策系统的开发

卷盘式喷灌机选型辅助决策系统的研制开发 ,为卷盘式喷灌机田间工程规划中的正确配套选型提供了快捷、准确、高效的方法 ,并能指导卷盘式喷灌机制造者的优化设计 ,以发挥卷盘式喷灌机的最佳工作效益。     

半固定管道式喷灌系统移管机的运动学与动力学分析

为了更加深入研究半固定管道式喷灌系统移管机，对其运动的确定性进行了论证，并对其运动性质和动力特性进行了分析计算。通过分析移管机的运动情况，得出了加速、匀速、减速过程中的运动方程；通过受力分析，得出了加速、匀速、减速过程中作用于行走轮的外加牵引力。     

内燃机驱动常温烟雾机的电气特性

内燃机驱动常温烟雾机的轴流风机动力是由本系统内燃机驱动的直流发电机提供。为了确定电气系统的组成构件及其规格、技术参数，本项目在二相流喷雾试验台上进行了逐项及组合性能试验。掌握了各要素的工作原理、技术性能、匹配参数及合适的工况点，为设计、研制内燃机驱动常温烟雾机提供了依据。     

Evolution of dinitrogen and nitrous oxide from the soil to the atmosphere through rice plants

Summary It is commonly assumed that a large fraction of fertilizer N applied to a rice (Oryza sativa L.) field is lost from the soil-water-plant system as a result of denitrification. Direct evidence to support this view, however, is limited. The few direct field, denitrification gas measurements that have been made indicate less N loss than that determined by ¹⁵N balance after the growing season. One explanation for this discrepancy is that the N₂ produced during denitrification in a flooded soil remains trapped in the soil system and does not evolve to the atmosphere until the soil dries or is otherwise disturbed. It seems likely, however, that N₂ produced in the soil uses the rice plants as a conduit to the atmosphere, as does methane. Methane evolution from a rice field has been demonstrated to occur almost exclusively through the rice plants themselves. A field study in Cuttack, India, and a greenhouse study in Fort Collins, Colorado, were conducted to determine the influence of rice plants on the transport of N₂ and N₂O from the soil to the atmosphere. In these studies, plots were fertilized with 75 or 99 atom % ¹⁵N-urea and ¹⁵N techniques were used to monitor the daily evolution of N₂ and N₂O. At weekly intervals the amount of N₂+N₂O trapped in the flooded soil and the total-N and fertilized-N content of the soil and plants were measured in the greenhouse plots. Direct measurement of N₂+N₂O emission from field and greenhouse plots indicated that the young rice plant facilitates the efflux of N₂ and N₂O from the soil to the atmosphere. Little N gas was trapped in the rice-planted soils while large quantities were trapped in the unplanted soils. N losses due to denitrification accounted for only up to 10% of the loss of added N in planted soils in the field or greenhouse. The major losses of fertilizer N from both the field and greenhouse soils appear to have been the result of NH₃ volatilization.     

水稻白叶枯病黄单胞菌中与甘蓝黑腐病黄单胞菌致病因子调控基因(rpf 基因)同源基因的分子克隆

DNA-DNA 杂交结果表明,水稻白叶枯病黄单胞菌总 DNA 中存在着与甘蓝黑腐病黄单胞菌致病因子调控基因(rpf 基因)具有同源性的 DNA 外段.应用广谱性寄主载体pLAFRI,在大肠杆菌中建立了水稻白叶枯病黄单胞菌野生型菌株 T3000的基因文库.从文库中筛选到与 rpf 基因具有同源性的克隆 pGXN3000,将重组质粒 pGXN3000通过三亲本接合转入甘蓝黑腐病黄单胞菌 rpf 基因突变体,发现 pGXN3000能互补甘蓝黑腐病黄单胞菌 rpf突变体,恢复其致病性胞外酶和胞外多糖的产生及致病性.转座子 Tn5诱变,缺失分析及DNA-DNA 杂交实验结果表明,重组质粒 pGXN3000中确实含有与甘蓝黑腐病黄单胞菌编码。双组份调控系统”蛋白的 rpfC 基因功能相同的基因,此基因被定位于 pGXN3000中的3kb BamHl 片段中。     

水稻钵苗移栽下坠高度及导管摩擦对栽深的影响

该文通过对钵苗落差高度与栽植深度关系和秧苗钵体相对于导管不同材料的动、静摩擦系数的试验研究,为导管式分秧栽植机构的设计提供理论依据.试验结果表明:水稻钵体秧苗的栽植深度随钵苗落差高度的增加而增加;对一般水田土壤类型,在整地质量满足农艺要求的条件下,钵苗落差高度在0.75～1.50 m范围内时,秧苗栽植深度为4.8～12.5 mm,可以满足秧苗栽深的农艺要求;秧苗钵体相对于钢板和塑料板的摩擦系数变化不大,受秧苗钵体相对湿度的影响较大,且随钵体相对湿度的增加而增加,在相对湿度为80%左右时达到最大值;一般情况下,在机器设计中,可取摩擦系数的最大值为0.7,摩擦角为35°.