橡胶树乳管HbPMP1基因的克隆与表达分析

过氧化物酶体膜蛋白PMP是ABC转运蛋白ABCD亚家族蛋白之一．存在于过氧化物酶体膜上。研究表明．拟南芥中的ABCD亚家族ABC转运蛋白AtABCD1主要通过参与部分物质运输进入过氧化物酶体．其中包括茉莉酸合成的前体OPDA。本研究通过RACE技术克隆了一个ABCD亚家族ABC转运蛋白基因HbPMP1．并进行表达分析。结果表明：HbPMP1全长4011bp．编码1337个氨基酸残基,其表达产物与拟南芥AtABCDl有较高的相似性（氨基酸一致性为78％）：该基因在伤害及外源茉莉酸诱导下呈上调表达．推测其可能参与内源茉莉酸合成相关物质时的运输．     

面向葡萄知识图谱构建的多特征融合命名实体识别

为解决构建知识图谱过程中由于上下文环境复杂、现有模型字向量语义表征相对单一导致领域专业实体识别率低的问题,该研究提出了来自转换器的双向编码器表征量（bi-directional encoder representation from transformer, BERT）和残差结构（residual structure, RS）融合的命名实体识别模型（bert based named entity recognition with residual structure,BBNER-RS）。通过BERT模型将文本映射为字符向量,利用双向长短时记忆网络（bi-directional long-short term memory, BiLSTM）提取局部字符向量特征,并采用RS保留BERT提供的全局字符向量特征,以提高字向量的语义丰富度,最后通过条件随机场（conditional random field, CRF）模型对特征向量解码,获取全局最优序列标注。与其他命名实体识别模型相比,提出的BBNER-MRS模型在葡萄数据集上表现较好,在葡萄人民日报、玻森、简历和微博数据集上F1值分别达到89...     

基于FEM-SPH耦合的卷辊式耕层残膜回收部件结构优化与试验

针对棉田耕作层内残膜力学性能差及膜土分离困难,残膜拾净率低和回收的残膜含土量高等问题,该研究对卷辊式残膜回收部件进行优化。在分析起膜捡膜工作过程和建立卷辊弹齿与膜土团聚体之间动力学关系的基础上,采用有限元法(finite element method,FEM)和光滑粒子流体动力学(smoothed particle hydrodynamics,SPH)耦合算法,建立卷辊弹齿-膜土团聚体接触计算模型,探究卷辊弹齿与膜土团聚体之间相互作用机理,分析卷辊弹齿接触膜土团聚体后残膜受力程度和土壤扰动程度的变化规律。以卷辊回转半径、弹齿直径、弹齿顶端折弯角为试验因素,以残膜平均峰值应力及土壤最大应变为指标开展仿真试验,分析各因素对指标的影响规律并对卷辊弹齿结构参数进行优化,获得卷辊弹齿最优结构参数为：卷辊回转半径100 mm、弹齿直径5 mm、弹齿顶端折弯角42°,此时残膜平均峰值应力为0.1201 MPa,土壤最大应变为3.7584。为了验证优化后卷辊弹齿的捡拾作业性能,以拾净率和含土率为试验指标进行田间试验,结果表明：机具拾净率为80.34%,含土率为37.13%,与初代研制的样机相比拾净率提升了8.74个百分点,含土率下降了12.18个百分点,机具作业性能明显提升且试验指标达到设计要求。本文建立的有限元模型可为残膜回收机关键部件的结构优化提供参考。     

Resistance and resilience of soil biological indicators: A case study with multi-walled carbon nanotube

Soil ecosystem is experiencing stresses due to climate change, and soil inhabitants try to demonstrate their inherent resistance and resilience against those stresses. Application of nanomaterials as agricultural inputs could bring shifts in resistance and resilience patterns of soil microbes and associated enzymes, especially under short-term heat stress. With this background, the impacts of multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) on the resistance and resilience of soil biological indicators were evaluated. An incubation experiment was conducted with varied MWCNT concentrations (0, 50, 100, 250, and 500 mg kg^-1 soil) for 90 d after 24-h heat stress at 48 ±2 ℃ to assess the impacts of MWCNT on soil enzyme activities and microbial populations vis-à-vis their resistance and resilience indices under short-term exposure to heat stress. Enzyme activities were reduced after exposure to heat stress. Resistance indices of enzyme activities were enhanced by MWCNT application on day 1 after heat stress, whereas there was no recovery of enzyme activities after 90-d incubation. Like soil enzyme activities, resistance index values of soil microbial populations followed the similar trend and were improved by MWCNT application. Multi-walled carbon nanotube has the potential to improve resistance indices of soil enzyme activities and microbial populations under heat stress, although they could not recover to their original state during periodical incubation after heat stress. This study helps to understand the relative changes of biological indicators under MWCNT and their ability to withstand heat stress.     

气单胞菌外膜蛋白基因工程疫苗的研究进展

就气单胞菌外膜蛋白的基因工程亚单位疫苗、DNA疫苗、重组活载体疫苗等基因工程疫苗的研究现状、免疫方式以及不足之处进行了综述,以期为气单胞菌疫苗研制提供参考。     

Exogenous eFSH, follicle coasting, and hCG as a novel superovulation regimen in mares

The objective of this study was to evaluate various equine follicle-stimulating hormone (eFSH) treatment protocols and the effect of “follicle coasting” on ovulation and embryo recovery rates in mares. Cycling mares (n = 40) were randomly assigned to one of four groups 7 days after ovulation: (1) 12.5 mg eFSH twice daily until follicles were 35 mm or larger; (2) 12.5 mg eFSH twice daily until follicles were 32 mm or larger; (3) 12.5 mg eFSH twice daily for 3.5 days followed by 12.5 mg eFSH enriched with luteinizing hormone (LH) twice daily until follicles were 35 mm or larger; and (4) 25 mg eFSH once daily until follicles were 32 mm or larger. Mares in groups 1 and 3 were injected with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) (2500 IU intravenously) at the end of eFSH treatment, whereas mares in groups 2 and 4 were given hCG approximately 42 and 54 hours, respectively, after the last eFSH treatment (“follicle coasting”). Nonsurgical embryo collection was performed 6.5 to 7.5 days after ovulation. Each mare experienced a nontreated estrous cycle before being reassigned to a second treatment. Ovulation rates for mares in treatment groups 1 to 4 were 3.3 ± 0.4, 4.1 ± 0.4, 3.5 ± 0.4, and 2.8 ± 0.4 (mean ± SEM; P < .05), respectively. One or more embryos were recovered from more than 80% of mares in each treatment group, and embryo recovery rate per flush was similar among treatment groups (1.9 ± 0.3, 2.6 ± 0.3, 1.9 ± 0.3 and 1.9 ± 0.3, respectively; P > .05). The overall embryo recovery rate was 2.1 ± 1.5 embryos per flush. In summary, ovulation rate was higher for mares treated with eFSH (3.4 ± 0.4) compared with non-treated controls (1.1 ± 0.2). Ovulation rate in mares in which hCG was delayed (follicle coasting) was higher (P < .05) when treatments were given twice per day versus once per day. Administration of equine luteinizing hormone (eLH) in conjunction with eFSH did not have an advantage over mares treated only with eFSH.     

几种重金属离子对高羊茅种子萌发及生理活性的响应

试验以高羊茅Festuca arundinacea"凌志1号"种子为材料,研究了镉(Cd2 )、铜(Cu2 )、汞(Hg2 )对种子萌发和幼芽细胞膜透性以及其体内过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性的影响.结果表明,0.5和5mg/L Hg2 极显著地促进萌发(P<0.01),50mg/L Cu2 极显著地抑制萌发(P<0.01),500mg/L各离子均显著抑制种子萌发(P<0.05).随处理的质量浓度逐渐增加,幼芽细胞膜透性逐渐增加.0.5mg/L的质量浓度下,Cu2 和Hg2 处理幼芽细胞膜透性显著低于对照(P<0.05);5和50mg/L的质量浓度下,Hg2 处理细胞膜透性最大;500mg/L的质量浓度下,Cu2 处理细胞膜透性最高.幼芽CAT的影响均表现为随质量浓度增加而逐渐升高,在0.5mg/L的质量浓度下,Cu2 处理CAT活性相对较高;在5mg/L的质量浓度下,Hg2 处理CAT活性相对较高;在50mg/L的质量浓度下,Cu2 和Hg2 处理CAT活性相对高于Cd2 处理;在500mg/L的质量的浓度下,Cu2 处理CAT活性相对较高.发芽率与细胞膜透性间存在较强的相关关系,发芽率和细胞膜透性与CAT呈负相关.综合分析几种重金属离子对高羊茅种子萌发的影响,Cd2 对高羊茅的毒害作用最大,Cu2 最小.     

La(NO3)3对4个苜蓿品种种子活力与膜透性作用的比较

通过La3 离子对4个苜蓿Medicago sativa品种种子活力与膜透性作用的比较,结果表明:当用8种不同浓度La(NO3)3溶液处理4个苜蓿品种种子时,La3 浓度小于600μg/mL时,可促进种子的活力;其中,中苜1号和胜利者的活力指数变化稳定且较高,而草原1号在La3 浓度为600μg/mL时变化剧烈。中苜1号和胜利者可以较长时间忍耐La3 在750μg/mL的处理浓度,超过此剂量时,膜结构就受到了破坏;而阿尔冈金和草原1号在La3 浓度接近750μg/mL时,种子活力就已经开始下降了。     

巴氏杀菌牛乳中免疫球蛋白G含量和乳过氧化物酶活性

免疫球蛋白G和乳过氧化物酶是牛乳中2 种生物活性物质,研究在巴氏杀菌牛乳加工过程中及货架期内的免疫球蛋白G含量和乳过氧化物酶活性变化。结果表明：采用65 ℃以下的均质温度及15～25 MPa的均质压力处理牛乳对2 种生物活性物质影响较小;72～76 ℃、15 s处理可更好地保留2 种生物活性物质;采用膜滤除菌方式比一般巴氏杀菌效果更佳。巴氏杀菌牛乳中的免疫球蛋白G含量和乳过氧化物酶活性不会随着保存时间的延长而显著降低,但采用透明包装的产品长期暴露在光照下会造成乳过氧化物酶部分失活。