马乳脂肪球膜蛋白组鉴定及潜在功能分析

试验旨在研究马乳脂肪球膜（milk fat globule membrane,MFGM）蛋白组成及潜在的生物学功能。选取12匹5岁左右、平均体重为450~500 kg的健康纯血母马作为试验动物,主要饲喂干牧草,所有马匹饲养和管理条件均相同。将12份样品以每组4份进行混合,分离提取产后第60天马乳中MFGM蛋白,进行高分辨质谱仪鉴定和生物信息学分析。结果显示,马MFGM组分中共鉴定出310种表达蛋白,这些蛋白主要参与的生物过程为生物调节、刺激应答、定位、多细胞生物过程、运输、信号、细胞通讯、发育过程、细胞分化和免疫系统过程等;细胞成分主要为胞外区域、膜、囊泡、核仁和线粒体等;分子功能主要为催化活性、蛋白质结合、碳水化合物衍生物结合和小分子结合等。KEGG通路分析表明,MFGM蛋白主要参与血小板活化通路、内吞、脂肪酸生物合成和Ras信号通路等。马乳MFGM蛋白的蛋白质互作网络分析图中共包含215种蛋白质。本研究结果揭示了马乳MFGM蛋白质组的复杂性,为解析其营养和生物学功能提供了科学数据。     

丝素/明胶共混膜的结构与溶解性能的初探

将丝素溶液与明胶溶液按不同共混比在不同条件下进行混合,制备成丝素/明胶共混膜。用环境扫描电镜、红外光谱仪、差示扫描量热分析系统分别测定共混膜的结构与热性能,采用烘干质量法测定共混膜的溶胀率和溶解率。结果表明:丝素与明胶的共混性好,共混膜结构改变,热稳定性好;烘干时间对共混膜的溶胀率和溶解率影响不显著,不同浓度乙醇处理对溶胀率有极显著影响,不同共混比则对溶胀率和溶解率都有极显著影响。     

氟对牛脾淋巴细胞膜ATP酶活性的影响

取健康牛脾脏,常规方法分离培养淋巴细胞,用不同浓度氟化钠（NaF）染毒24h。低渗溶胞法提取细胞膜,检测膜上ATP酶活性。结果显示,与对照组相比较,染氟组淋巴细胞膜ATP酶活性降低,组间差异显著或极显著。表明：氟能抑制牛脾淋巴细胞膜ATP酶活性。     

残膜回收机带式卷膜装置设计与试验

为解决现有残膜回收机集膜装置在集膜和卸膜过程中残膜质地松散、作业效率低等问题,设计了一种带式卷膜装置.阐述了该带式卷膜装置的基本结构和工作原理,通过理论分析确定了关键部件结构参数,分析了卷膜作业过程,经过计算分析得到可卷收残膜膜卷的最大直径、卷膜速比范围、卷膜倾角范围.采用三因素三水平Box-Behnken试验设计方法...     

副猪格拉瑟菌5型细胞致死性膨胀毒素CdtB破坏猪呼吸道上皮屏障的机制

旨在探究副猪格拉瑟菌(Glaesserella parasuis,GPS)突破猪呼吸道上皮屏障引起系统性感染的机制。通过超速离心和密度梯度离心提取副猪格拉瑟菌外膜囊泡(outer membrane vesicles, OMVs),OMVs经SDS-PAGE显示,蛋白质条带分布在55～100 ku,经透射电子显微镜(TEM)观察,OMVs的粒径在100～200 nm,纳米粒子直径分析(NTA)结果显示,样品在100～200 nm处的粒子数目最多。进而用制备的HbpA及OmpP2多克隆抗体对OMVs及不含OMVs的细菌上清进行Western blot验证,证实所提取的样品为外膜囊泡,且进一步结果证明细胞致死性膨胀毒素(CDT)在GPS培养物中主要以OMVs的形式存在。用OMVs或CdtB处理猪气管上皮细胞(swine tracheal epithelial cells, STEC)36 h,检测STEC中cleaved-caspase3、ZO-1和Occludin的蛋白表达水平,并用FITC-葡聚糖(FD-4)检测STEC单层细胞的细胞旁通透性。结果发现,OMVs与CdtB处理后凋亡相关蛋...     

Residual setup error in the canine intracranial region after megavoltage,kilovoltage, or cone‐beam computed tomographic image guidance for radiation therapy

Sources of residual setup error after image guidance include image localization accuracy, errors associated with image registration, and inability of some treatment couches to correct submillimeter translational errors and/or pitch and roll errors. The purpose of this experimental study was to measure setup error after image‐guided correction of the canine intracranial region, using a four degrees‐of‐freedom couch capable of 1 mm translational moves. Six cadaver dogs were positioned 45 times as for clinical treatment using a vacuum deformable body cushion, a customizable head cushion, a thermoplastic mask and an indexed maxillary plate with a dental mould. The location of five fiducial markers in the skull bones was compared between the reference position and after megavoltage (MV), kilovoltage (kV) and cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT)‐guided correction using orthogonal kV images. The mean three‐dimensional distance vectors (3DDV) after MV, kV and CBCT‐guided correction were 1.7, 1.5 and 2.2 mm, respectively. All values were significantly different (P < .01). The 95th percentiles of the 3DDV after online MV, kV and CBCT‐guided correction were 2.8, 2.6 and 3.6 mm, respectively. Residual setup error in the clinical scenario examined was on the order of millimetres and should be considered when choosing PTV margins for image‐guided radiation therapy of the canine intracranial region.     

常用抗生素在鸡体内消除和鸡蛋中残留的规律研究进展

抗生素类药物在蛋鸡养殖过程中起着非常重要的作用,但一直以来抗生素的使用缺乏科学的指导,致使抗生素残留在动物性食品和环境中,给生态系统和人类健康带来了巨大的威胁。从21世纪初开始,全球各个国家和相关国际组织采取相应的措施控制动物性食品中抗生素的残留,并逐渐加大了监察力度。文章对蛋鸡饲养过程中常用抗生素在鸡体内的消除和在鸡蛋中的残留规律进行综述,并根据我国部分省市鸡蛋中抗生素残留现状,综述影响鸡蛋抗生素残留的因素,拟为抗生素的合理使用和休药期的制订提供参考。     

Anaplasma infection in free-ranging Iberian red deer in the region of Castilla-La Mancha, Spain

Organisms in the genus Anaplasma are obligate intracellular pathogens that multiply in both vertebrate and invertebrate hosts. The type species, Anaplasma marginale, causes bovine anaplasmosis and infects erythrocytes of the vertebrate host and undergoes a complex developmental cycle in ticks which serve as biological vectors. Infected cattle, wild ruminants and ticks can all serve as reservoirs of A. marginale. In this study, hunter killed Iberian red deer (Cervus elaphus hispanicus) from the region of Castilla-La Mancha in southwestern Spain were tested for Anaplasma infection. We found that 10% of the deer examined were seropositive for Anaplasma. Three A. marginale strains were subsequently obtained from salivary glands of Hyalomma marginatum that were removed from these deer, and the sequence of the major surface protein (msp)4 gene was determined for each strain and used for phylogenetic studies. Maximum parsimony analyses of msp4 sequences from H. marginatum ticks in comparison with New World cattle and bison isolates reported previously, suggested different origins for these Spanish A. marginale strains. The results of this study demonstrated that Iberian red deer are naturally infected with Anaplasma, and may therefore serve as a wildlife reservoir of the pathogen. Although the link between deer infection and the strains of A. marginale identified in ticks was not established, H. marginatum and Rhipicephalus bursa were identified as potential biological vectors for A. marginale in this region and may effect transmission of A. marginale between deer and cattle populations.     

酸、镉胁迫对金丝草种子萌发、幼苗生长及亚显微结构的影响

金丝草可在土壤酸化和镉污染的矿区正常生长,其可能对酸和镉(Cd)胁迫具有特殊的响应策略。为此,以金丝草种子为试验材料,在人工气候箱中进行种子萌发试验,设置不同酸(pH 5.5、4.5、3.5)和镉(5、10、20 mg·L^-1)胁迫处理,分析不同胁迫条件下金丝草种子萌发、幼苗生长、根系质膜完整性及芽亚显微结构等指标的差异。结果表明:酸胁迫可提高金丝草种子发芽率,不同酸胁迫处理其发芽率均与对照无显著差异(P>0.05);随pH的逐渐减小,金丝草萌发指标呈减小趋势,pH 3.5处理,金丝草种子除发芽率外的其他萌发指标均显著小于对照(P<0.05);随着Cd浓度的增加,金丝草种子萌发和幼苗生长指标值均呈逐渐减小的趋势,表现出抑制作用,但Cd 20 mg·L^-1处理金丝草种子发芽率仍可达40%以上。相关性分析和隶属函数值分析发现,pH大于3.5,Cd浓度小于10 mg·L^-1对金丝草种子萌发和幼苗生长无显著影响,但随pH的进一步减小和Cd浓度的提高,对金丝草种子萌发和幼苗生长抑制作用明显,根尖质膜和芽亚显微结构造成较大损害,出现细胞器膜破裂和细胞空泡化等现象。综上,金丝草种子萌发对酸和镉胁迫有较强耐性,表现出轻度酸和镉胁迫对种子萌发和幼苗生长促进,而强酸和镉胁迫则抑制。