Resistance in Cucumis sativus L. to Tetranychus urticae Koch. 2. Designing a reliable laboratory test for resistance based on aspects of the host-parasite relationship

Summary The relationship between the twospotted spider mite and cucumber has been studied on plants and on leaf disks of a number of varieties with different levels of resistance. Existing laboratory tests are critically discussed and it appears that they are only reliable if many factors are taken into account. A new, more efficient laboratory test for resistance, measuring acceptance and reproduction is described.     

南方稻区早籼区试品种产量分析及育种刍议

通过对“六五”至“八五”期间南方稻区早籼区论资料分析表明，南方稻区早籼育种取得了明显进展，产量水平大约每5年提高4％～6％。产量水平得以提高的主要因素是每穗粒数和粒重的增加。但优质品种产量水平偏低，其主要原因是粒重偏低。     

采用遗传算法计入摩擦力作用的标准斜齿轮传动模糊可靠优化

传统的齿轮强度理论不考虑齿间摩擦的影响。针对这一观点，该文以渐开线斜齿圆柱齿轮传动的小齿轮齿数、法面模数、螺旋角、齿宽系数为设计变量，以两齿轮的体积之和为最小目标函数，通过应用模糊设计理论和可靠性设计理论，建立摩擦力作用下标准斜齿圆柱齿轮传动的模糊可靠性优化设计的数学模型，并采用遗传算法对其进行优化。研究表明，效果很好。     

Rheological‐stiffness analysis of K+‐treated and CaCO3‐rich soils

Rheological methods are applied whenever flow behavior of substances needs to be investigated on a particle‐to‐particle scale executed by a parallel‐plate rheometer. Under oscillation, mechanical effects due to trafficking or vibrations caused by agricultural and forest machinery can be simulated by conducting amplitude‐sweep tests. Hooke's law of elasticity, Newton's law for ideal fluids (viscosity), Mohr‐Coulomb's equation, and, finally, Bingham's yielding are well‐known relationships and parameters in the field of rheology. This paper aims to introduce rheometry as a suitable method to determine the mechanical behavior of salt‐affected soils when subjected to external stresses. Potassium‐treated loamy sand from Halle and loamy silt from Kassel, both sites located in Germany, as well as loess from Israel, saturated with NaCl solutions in several concentrations were analyzed. From the stress‐strain–relationship parameters like the storage modulus G′ and the loss modulus G″, yield stress τ_y and the linear viscoelastic (LVE)–deformation range including the deformation limit γ_L, i.e., the transition from an elastic to a viscous state, were determined and calculated, respectively. With respect to salt effects, amplitude‐sweep tests on originally CaCO₃‐rich Avdat Loess show an increasing stability if saturated with higher NaCl concentrations. Comparable tests with K⁺‐rich substrates from Halle and Kassel evinced similar tendencies including the phenomenon of a critical K⁺ content, which becomes more obvious in case of the drained (–60h Pa) loamy‐silt samples from Kassel. Nevertheless, a higher microstructural stability is given in both substrates from Halle and Kassel, affected by different water contents, in general, which influence the exchange and availability of cations. The results verify that oscillatory tests are applicable for retracing salt‐induced effects, beside those ones, which are influenced by texture, current water content, and/or further chemical parameters.     

淋巴细胞转化试验在鸭体上的应用——Ⅱ.鸭瘟病毒对鸭外周血淋巴细胞转化能力的影响

试验鸭32只分4组,第1组接种鸭瘟强毒,第2组接种鸭瘟弱毒,第3组先接种鸭瘟弱毒,2周后再接种鸭瘟强毒,第4组为对照。采用外周血淋巴细胞转化试验,检测鸭瘟病毒对鸭外周血淋巴细胞转化能力的影响,结果鸭瘟强毒和鸭瘟弱毒对鸭淋巴细胞的PHA反应性均有抑制作用。其中鸭瘟强毒的作用迅速而且强烈,在很短的时间内即造成宿主淋巴细胞对PHA的反应剧烈下降,并很快导致动物死亡,出现典型的鸭瘟病变,但也有个别鸭能够耐过强毒的攻击而生存下来,耐过鸭淋巴细胞对PHA的反应性逐渐恢复正常,剖检未见有鸭瘟病变;鸭瘟弱毒的抑制作用是暂时的,宿主淋巴细胞对PHA的反应性很快即恢复正常,剖检也未见有鸭瘟病变;对于接种鸭瘟弱毒以后再攻强毒的鸭,其对PHA刺激的反应性未受到影响,攻毒后2周,宿主还表现出对PHA的反应能力有增强的趋势,剖检未见有鸭瘟病变。此结果与其他病毒所致的PHA反应抑制和加强作用相类似。     

两种预测函数在土壤测试分析中应用的比较

介绍了EXCEL软件中的FORECAST和INTERCEPT\SLOPE两种预测函数,举例说明了在土壤养分测试分析中应用这两函数进行数据处理的方法。通过比较,认为二者只是表现形式不同,计算原理完全相同,可根据不同要求选择使用。     

关于牧区牲畜头数抽样调查方法的探讨

多年来,我国各地牧区每年都进行牲畜普查,不仅需要花费大量的人力、物力、时间,而且普查资料的准确性也是很难保证。特别是随着牧区家庭承包经营责任制的实行,普查的对象由原来集体经营的生产队变成千家万户牧民,而牧区居住分散,交通不便,更给普查工作带来许多新的困难。在新形势下,为了以较少的人力、物力、时间,取得每年的牲畜头数资料,满足各级领导的需要,就必须进行统计调查方法的改革,即     

吉林九站松花江特大桥静荷载试验

介绍了吉林九站松花江特大桥模型和实桥静荷载试验的理论计算值及实际试验值。数据表明，该桥梁在使用阶段能够满足承载能力要求，而且有较大的安全储备。     

仪器变量的性质及其应用

本文研究了在测量误差模型中引入仪器变量后对参数估计的优良性质，并进一步指出了仪器变量的某些构造法以及它在未知真ｘ的估计的预报中的应用。     

Assessment of a point‐of‐care cardiac troponin I test to differentiate cardiac from noncardiac causes of respiratory distress in dogs

Objectives – To (1) determine a reference interval for cardiac troponin I (cTnI) using a point‐of‐care device in normal dogs and compare the results with those published by the manufacturer and (2) determine if cTnI differs among dogs with cardiogenic and noncardiogenic respiratory distress. Design – Prospective observational study. Setting – Emergency and referral veterinary hospital. Animals – Twenty‐six clinically normal dogs and 67 dogs in respiratory distress. Interventions – All dogs underwent whole blood sampling for cTnI concentrations. Measurements and Results – Normal dogs had a median cTnI concentration of 0.03 ng/mL (range 0–0.11 ng/mL). Thirty‐six dogs were diagnosed with noncardiogenic respiratory distress with a median cTnI concentration of 0.14 ng/mL (range 0.01–4.31 ng/mL). Thirty‐one dogs were diagnosed with cardiogenic respiratory distress with a median cTnI concentration of 1.74 ng/mL (range 0.05–17.1 ng/mL). A significant difference between cTnI concentrations in normal dogs and dogs with noncardiogenic respiratory distress was not detected. Significant differences in cTnI concentrations were found between normals versus cardiogenic and cardiogenic versus noncardiogenic respiratory distress groups. Significant differences in cTnI concentrations were identified in >10 when compared with the <5 and the 5–10 years of age groups. Receiver operating curve analysis identified cTnI concentrations >1.5 ng/mL as the optimal “cut‐off point” having a sensitivity of 78% and specificity of 51.5%. The area under the receiver operating curve was 0.72. Overall test accuracy was 65%. Conclusions – cTnI concentrations were significantly increased in dogs with cardiogenic respiratory distress versus dogs with noncardiogenic respiratory distress and normal dogs. A significant difference between normal dogs and dogs with noncardiogenic causes of respiratory distress was detected. Although highly sensitive when cTnI concentrations exceed 1.5 ng/mL, the test has low specificity. Assessment of cTnI by the methodology used cannot be recommended as the sole diagnostic modality for evaluating the cause of respiratory distress in dogs.