菜豆种子普通细菌性疫病菌检测

 由Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli和Xanthomonas fuscans subsp. fuscans引起的菜豆普通细菌性疫病是严重影响菜豆生产的限制因子之一,可造成严重的产量和品种损失。染菌种子是病原菌传播的主要途径。本研究对5个菜豆主要产区的60份菜豆种子样品进行普通细菌性疫病菌检测。在MT选择性培养基上有36份种子样品浸提液检测到目标病原菌, 种子样品带菌量为2.49×10²~5.20×10⁷ CFU/粒。选择36个分离物接种感病品种“英国红”植株,所有分离物均引起接种植株发病。特异PCR检测结果表明,有20个分离物为X. fuscans subsp. fuscans,16个分离物为X. axonopodis pv. phaseoli。试验结果表明,我国一些菜豆主产区商业种植和研究用种子多数污染普通细菌性疫病菌,建议建立无菌种子生产区和加强种子管理,以有效控制病害发生。     

Serological analysis of Chlamydophila abortus in Australian sheep and implications for the rejection of breeder sheep for export

Objective   To examine the incidence of positive results in a complement fixation test (CFT) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for Chlamydophila abortus in Australian sheep and how this incidence differs with state of origin, age, sex, breed and property. To examine the consequences in relation to rejection of breeder sheep for export.
Design   Collection of blood samples from 891 sheep on 109 properties in southern Australia. All samples had a unique, coded property identification.
Procedure   The samples were tested using the Institut Pourquier Chlamydophila abortus antibody ELISA (rELISA) and a CFT. Residual maximum likelihood analyses of the sample to positive ratio of the corrected optical density for the rELISA and generalised linear mixed model analyses of the CFT outcomes were carried out.
Results   The sample to positive ratio of the corrected optical density values of the rELISA did not differ between sex, age, breed or state of origin, but differed greatly between properties. The CFT outcome did not differ between age, breed or state of origin, but differed greatly between properties and was more often positive with rams than with ewes.
Conclusion   Positive outcomes to C. abortus antibody tests are very common in Australia. Rams have a particularly high incidence of positive results with the CFT. Rejection of sheep and property consignments is likely to be very common with all tests and situations examined except for the CFT (at 1:32 dilution) in ewes.     

山毛豆对小白鼠的亚慢性毒性试验研究

为开发山毛豆(Tephrosia canadida DC.)作为蛋白质饲料资源,进行了山毛豆亚慢性毒性试验,即在饲粮中用山毛豆叶粉替代20%、40%和60%的基础日粮饲喂小白鼠,对各组小白鼠的采食、生长、脏器系数及组织切片等指标进行了测定和分析。结果表明:①试验期间,小白鼠活动正常,对照组和试验组小白鼠都没有死亡;②试验组小白鼠的各脏器无明显肉眼可见剖检病变;③试验组小白鼠的各脏器系数与对照组差异不显著(P0.05);④40%和60%试验组小白鼠肝脏、肾脏的组织形态发生轻微变化,其他脏器均正常。研究结果表明,山毛豆草粉可安全用于动物饲料中。     

正交试验优选酸水法提取黄连中小檗碱的工艺及其抑菌活性的研究

采用正交试验设计,采用酸水法提取黄连中小檗碱,并测定提取的小檗碱对八株大肠埃希氏杆菌的体外最小抑菌浓度（MIC）。结果表明,最佳正交提取工艺为C3B3A1,即硫酸浓度0.2%、冷浸72h、用15%NaCl盐析,提取物对八株致病性大肠杆菌的MIC为0.50mg/mL-1.5mg/mL。提取的小檗碱对致病性大肠杆菌具有较好的抑菌作用。     

中华鳖致病性嗜水气单胞菌的分离鉴定及药敏试验

对江西省进贤县某中华鳖养殖场送检的2只患病中华鳖进行细菌分离,且对分离的细菌进行培养特性观察、生化特性鉴定、毒力因子检测、毒力基因PCR检测、实验动物攻毒及体外药敏试验。结果表明,从2只中华鳖肝脏分离到3株菌,均为革兰阴性短杆菌,其中体型稍大中华鳖2株,体型稍小中华鳖1株;经过实验动物感染试验得出3株菌都为强毒力致病菌;通过生化鉴定、毒力因子及PCR检测确定为嗜水气单胞菌;体外药敏试验结果显示,3株菌对头孢曲松都高度敏感,对利福平、甲氧苄啶、氨苄青霉素都不敏感。     

和田河流域绿洲荒漠过渡带土地荒漠化过程研究

和田河流域绿洲荒漠过渡带属于典型的生态脆弱带,风动力是该区土地荒漠化的主要动力因素,植被是该区土地荒漠化的重要决定因子。本文根据风洞试验的结果,探讨了和田河流域绿洲荒漠过渡带土地荒漠化的正过程。指出该区的土地荒漠化是在南疆气候变异以及人类活动等原因造成的干旱地区土地退化的大环境下发生的;同时,该地区的土地荒漠化又有特定的内涵:以天然绿洲的土地退化为本质;人类活动加速了这一过程。该区域土地荒漠化的发生和发展与其物理学驱动机制有着良好的对应关系。根据土地荒漠化发展的不同阶段,可以将其划分为荒漠河岸林衰退期、灌丛沙堆稳定发展期、灌丛沙堆活化-荒漠化发展期。     

9种药剂对斜纹夜蛾的室内毒力与田间应用效果

通过室内毒力测定和田间药效试验,测定当前9种主流杀虫剂产品对斜纹夜蛾的防治效果。结果表明,甲维盐、茚虫威、虫螨腈和虫酰肼对斜纹夜蛾具有优良的防效,可作为防治斜纹夜蛾的首选药剂。Bt与多杀菌素的效果次之。阿维菌素、高效氯氰菊酯和毒死蜱对斜纹夜蛾已逐渐失去控制作用,在生产中应尽量少用、慎用。     

两例犬化脓性子宫内膜炎的病原分离鉴定及药敏试验

本研究对两例确诊为化脓性子宫内膜炎的犬进行了病原的研究。用阴道采样法采集子宫分泌物进行细菌培养和生化鉴定,结果第1例因连续使用抗生素,而分离不到细菌;第2例分离到葡萄球菌和链球菌;药敏试验结果表明,犬子宫内膜炎的主要病原菌对临床使用较多的青霉素和链霉素有很大的耐药性,而对头孢唑啉、环丙沙星、恩诺沙星等药物较为敏感,为临床首选药物。     

Development of two immunochromatographic tests for the serodiagnosis of bovine babesiosis

In this study, we developed two immunochromatographic tests (ICTs), which are nitrocellulose membrane-based immunoassays for the convenient and rapid serodiagnosis of bovine babesiosis caused by Babesia bovis (BoICT) and Babesia bigemina (BiICT). The efficacy of two ICTs was evaluated using 13 positive sera from experimentally infected cattle with B. bovis or B. bigemina. Clear results showed that the BoICT and ELISA detected antibodies in sera collected from 14 to 93 days post-infection, while BiICT and ELISA detected from 13 to 274 days post-infection. In additon, non-infected cattle, Neospora caninum, and Cryptosporidium parvum were negative in two ICTs. To evaluate the field utility of the ICTs, we tested 186 field bovine sera collected from cattle living in Yanbian (China) and Mato Grosso do Sul (Brazil). The results of ICTs were compared to those of classical serodiagnostic methods, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFAT). The overall concordances of BoICT were determined as 92.5 and 90.3% when the results of ELISA and IFAT were set as the reference standards, respectively. In contrast, those of BiICT showed 96.8 and 92.5% relative to the results of standard ELISA and IFAT, respectively. Conventional and rapid diagnosic devices for bovine babesiosis may provide a valuable tool in clinical and field applications.