四季营养面包的研制

为了提高面包的营养价值,改善口感和风味,在确定其制作工艺的基础上,融合四时养生与中医药膳食养学的传统养生理论,在普通面包的基础上（配方：高筋面粉500 g、海藻糖50 g、砂糖50 g、奶粉5 g、酵母5 g、海藻酸钠1.5 g、鸡蛋1颗、水250 g）,选用有春、夏、秋、冬为元素的16种食材来研发制作了一款系列形式的营养面包。通过食材的比例用量进行单因素试验和正交试验,以感官评分为指标,确定以下配方（面粉质量为100%）：春季营养面包,糯米∶燕麦（体积比）=2∶1,菊花120朵/500 g水,菠菜泥5%;夏季营养面包,红小豆∶红米（体积比）=1∶2,山楂18%,胡萝卜碎3%;秋季营养面包,山药∶银耳（质量比）=1∶1,百合1%,白果0.4%;冬季营养面包,黑豆∶核桃仁（质量比）=6∶1,黑芝麻8%,枸杞子12%。根据该工艺制作的面包外型饱满,口感良好,营养丰富,是老少皆宜的健康食品。     

不同光照时间对毛红椿种子活力的影响

研究了不同光照时间对不同家系毛红椿种子活力特性的影响.结果表明:全黑暗、全光照条件下均会抑制种子活力;光照16h条件下毛红椿种子发芽率、发芽势、活力指数、苗高显著高于其它光照处理;宣恩5号、宣恩4号、宣恩6号3个家系种子发芽率高于其它家系;宣恩4号家系种子发芽势最高,出苗最整齐;建始家系幼苗生长最快,苗高最高.宣恩1号种子发芽率、发芽势、活力指数最低.     

A method of production data analysis for multi-fractured horizontal well in shale gas reservoir

Production data analysis is an effective method of evaluating gas in place, parameters of reservoir and hydraulic fractures. Current model of production data analysis fails to make sense because of the existence of absorption, multi-fracturing, and stimulated reservoir volume (SRV). Considering the effect of desorption, fracture interacting and closed boundary, the authors calculate the productivity of multi-fractured horizontal well in shale gas by Laplace transform and pressure superposition principle. Then theoretical charts of Agarwal-Gardner production decline curves are presented by employing new definition of dimensionless material balance time and dimensionless production, which is based on asymptotic approximations. The result shows that Agarwal-Gardner curves can be divided into two parts where they are scattered in early transient period, and where their shape was influenced by parameters relevant to adsorption, position of each fracture and reservoir geometry, and then drawn to Arps harmonious decline in pseudo steady state period. Reservoir parameters, hydraulic fracture characteristics and gas in place are evaluated by using the type curve matching with actual production data.     

基于线粒体RNAs序列分析雁形目家禽的分歧时间

雁形目鸟类具有重要的社会经济意义和科学研究价值,部分种类已被驯化成为重要的家禽,然而雁形目内部物种之间的关系仍存在许多争议。本研究利用线粒体RNAs序列标定雁形目部分鸟类的分歧时间,旨在进一步查明该类群系统进化关系。首先, 采用酚仿法分别从太湖鹅和朗徳鹅血液中提取基因组DNA,PCR 扩增获得线粒体RNAs基因序列。 然后,从GenBank 中提取10 种鸟类线粒体DNA的同源序列,以鸵鸟为外群,采用贝叶斯法结合RNA结构信息重建系统发生关系;最后,以黑雁属与雁属的分歧时间为锚定点,利用r8s软件分析了雁形目物种间的分歧时间。 结果表明,中国鹅与欧洲鹅的分歧时间为0.61百万年,番鸭与家鸭的分歧时间为15.5百万年。依据家鹅祖先分歧时间,联系当时发生的地学事件,作者认为家鹅祖先物种分化与更新世冰川运动有关。研究结果有助于我国水禽遗传资源的保护与利用。     

马鬃岭自然保护区土壤有机碳分布的研究

以安徽省金寨县马鬃岭自然保护区为研究对象,选取56个样点采集土样,分析该区域森林土壤有机碳的时空分布状况。结果表明,该研究区域的土壤有机碳含量随土壤深度、海拔高度、季节的变化而变化。0~20 cm土层有机碳碳平均含量为3.07%,变幅0.94%~15.67%;30~40 cm平均含量为1.98%,变幅0.17%~8.54%;50~60 cm平均含量为1.68%,变幅0.46%~7.81%。有机碳含量随海拔高度升高有增加的趋势,高海拔处有机碳含量稳定,低海拔处变化大,这是由于人类活动影响造成。有机碳含量季节变化显著,秋季含量高于春季,表层季节变化比深层显著。该林区0~20 cm土层碳蓄积量为（8.28~8.31）×105 t,30~40 cm土层碳蓄积量为（5.46~5.73）×105 t,50~60 cm土层碳蓄积量为（4.68~5.33）×105 t。     

Developmental changes of phyllochron in near-isogenic lines of rice (Oryza sativa L.) with different growth durations

The repeated elements called phytomers, which consist of leaf, node, internode and axillary bud, play an important role in the development of modular organization in plants. Rice has the striking feature that the rate of the phytomer production is closely synchronized with the rate of leaf emergence (phyllochron). We examined developmental changes of phyllochron by using 10 near-isogenic lines (NILs) showing diversified growth durations in rice. The NILs were established by backcrosses with a strain practically insensitive to photoperiod, and they consisted of early- or late-flowering NILs whose differences of growth duration were caused by the combinations of alleles at 6 loci. The developmental patterns of phyllochron were evaluated by means of a quartic polynomial, which fitted well in most cases. The results indicated that phyllochron greatly changed during development, especially in late-flowering NILs as well as the recurrent parents, although the fluctuation of phyllochron was not so marked in the early-flowering NILs. Thus, the developmental change of phyllochron was highly dependent upon the genotypes and/or growth duration; however, it was associated with neither floral initiation nor temperature, indicating that the change of phyllochron might reflect internal or physiological changes which occur during the life cycle of rice. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

影响花卉生长和花期的环境因子研究

花卉生长的好坏以及花期的应时与否不仅与花卉自身习性、栽培措施有关,而且还与许多外界环境条件有很大关系。通过对花卉生长环境的调控,可以有效提高花卉的品质及应时能力,使花卉生产更好地迎合人们的需求。本文就光照、温度、植物生长调节剂、肥料等几个方面阐述了环境因素对花卉生长和花期的影响。     

干湿交替及NaCl处理提高葫芦种子发芽技术研究

生产上葫芦种子发芽率低、用种量大、出芽不齐等造成西瓜嫁接时期难以掌握。为解决实际生产问题,笔者提出一种干湿交替浸种及NaCl处理的方法,以提高葫芦种子各项指标。主要研究这2种方法对葫芦种子的发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数和胚根长度的影响。结果表明,干湿交替浸种法能够明显的提高葫芦种子的发芽指数和活力指数,并且大大缩短发芽时间。其中葫芦的最适浸种时间为8 h,此时种子的各项指标都优于其他处理。采用不同浓度的NaCl溶液处理葫芦种子,试验表明,改良葫芦砧一号种子的最适NaCl处理浓度为10 mmol/L,此时葫芦种子的发芽势、发芽率及活力指数都比较高。     

结球甘蓝抽薹开花时间性状的 QTL 定位及分析

在已构建的结球甘蓝AFLP、SSR和SRAP标记高密度遗传图谱的基础上,运用MapQTL 4．0软件对结球甘蓝F2群体抽薹、开花时间两性状分别进行QTL定位和分析。最终检测到2个控制甘蓝抽薹时间性状的QTL（ qbt-3-2、qbt-9-1）,以及一个同开花时间性状相关的QTL（qft-9-1）,分别位于连锁群LG3与LG9上,这3个QTL均为增效位点,共解释甘蓝抽薹、开花时间性状变异的17．5％,22．7％;同时得到与QTLs共分离的2个分子标记E46 M52-5、me26-em13-1,均可作为辅助选育甘蓝耐抽薹品种的标记使用,这将为结球甘蓝耐抽薹品种的选育提供理论依据。