三轴车辆全轮转向操纵稳定性仿真分析

建立并分析了某三轴车辆全轮转向二自由度模型及其运动微分方程,分析了整车在质心零侧偏角比例控制策略下的转向中心位置以及2、3轴转角比例系数与车速的关系,分析了整车的稳态横摆角速度增益。建立了三轴车动力学仿真模型,结合控制策略对比仿真了2WS车和6WS车在不同车速下的瞬态响应。分析结果表明,采用质心零侧偏角比例控制策略有利于提高三轴车低速转向时的机动性和高速转向时的操纵稳定性。     

行星摆线针轮减速机构的动力学虚拟仿真

以UG、ADAMS等三维造型及运动学、动力学分析软件为平台，利用虚拟设计技术建立了行星摆线针轮减速机构的动力学虚拟样机模型。探讨了行星摆线针轮减速机物理约束机制的实现方法，建立了虚拟样机系统的力学模型，验证了样机的动态干涉情况，并对摆线针轮减速机构进行了动力学仿真分析，最后还进行了柱销与输出轴作用力的虚拟实验分析。仿真分析结果表明，提出的摆线针轮减速机虚拟样机建模正确，有较好的可靠性和实用价值。     

基于遗忘因子和误差修正的水文实

在进行水文预报时，由于影响河道洪水的因素众多，常用的水文预报模型往往不符合实际水文系统的客观规律。对这类系统的参数辨识要求算法具有较强的实时跟踪能力，以适应模拟或预测洪水运动变化过程的要求。利用洪水预报误差信息，对BP网络洪水实时预报校正模型与方法进行了探讨，提出了两种实时预报方法。第一：运用最小二乘递推算法，引入时变遗忘因子实时跟踪模型中时变参数的变化，建立了神经网络在非线性系统中动态的系统输入、输出数据之间的映射关系。第二：利用BP网络模型对误差的可识别性，将模型对输出变量的预报误差再次作为输出变量，对网络可能预报的误差进行实时修正。计算实例表明：以上两种方法提高了神经网络在水文领域的预报精度，给BP神经网络的实时预报方法提供了新的途径。     

华北冬小麦-夏玉米农田水分动态模拟研究

冬小麦-夏玉米连作是华北地区主要的粮食作物种植模式。根据华北季节性冻土区的特点,将全年划分为作物生长期与越冬期,分别建立了作物生长条件下农田水分运移模型、冻融条件下土壤水热运移模型。前一模型主要包括参照腾发量计算、腾发量分配、作物根系吸水、土壤表面蒸发、土壤水分特征参数和土壤水分运动等子模型;后一模型主要包括冻土水热耦舍迁移、地气水热交换等子模型。应用以上模型对冬小麦-夏玉米连作条件下的土壤水分过程进行模拟,根据北京永乐店试验资料对模型进行检验。模拟了不同降水水平年、不同灌溉处理下的农田灌溉制度及土壤水分过程,分析了降水、灌溉对农田蒸散、土壤水利用、深层渗漏等的影响。     

直齿圆柱齿轮冷精锻成形过程数值模拟分析

对直齿圆柱齿轮冷精锻成形过程进行了三维大变形弹塑性有限元数值模拟。对闭式模锻预锻及以闭式模锻、孔分流及约束分流为终锻的两步成形过程的流动情况进行了数值分析。数值模拟结果及前期的工艺试验表明：终锻中采取分流、尤其是约束孔分流措施对于降低工作载荷、提高角隅充填能力十分有利，采用矩阵变换技术解决因引入边界摩擦及滑动约束带来的刚度阵非对称问题较为简单、合理、有效。     

汽车动力总成液压悬置元件特性研究

液压悬置具有低频大阻尼、高刚度等特点，可以有效隔离和衰减发动机的怠速振动，降低车内噪声，提高乘坐舒适性。为此，应用流体一结构耦合理论的方法建立了某车动力总成悬置系统的动力学分析模型，并运用Adams软件对其动特性进行了仿真。仿真结果与已知实验数据基本吻合，从而证明了该模型建立的正确性。     

Case study on an integrated operation planning of multiple reservoirs for irrigation in Japan

In spite of several attempts at integrated operation planning, multiple reservoirs in Japan have been operated by trial and error without any formal rules. Subjects of integrated operation are not only showing optimal usage of daily storage levels as an operational policy but also providing a countermeasure for droughts.Objectives of this study are to make a formal operation rule of multiple reservoirs for irrigation using the theory of Required Storage for Drought Curve (RSDC) Method and to propose operational policy for multiple reservoirs as large water supply systems. The Iwaki river basin, on which there are four reservoirs for irrigation parallel with each other, is considered to be a model river basin with a large water system for this case study.From results of simulations using historical data, comparing an individual operation rule with an integrated operation rule on several indices, effectiveness of the latter rule is recognized. Under integrated operation, water losses are minimized and excessive water conservation can be avoided over the whole area to benefit while target river discharge is maintained at key control points because water usage from all reservoirs is well balanced in relation to water availability.     

田园管理机悬架部分的建模及仿真

主要介绍了虚拟制造技术在田园管理机悬架上的应用,并对田园管理机械的应用及特点作了介绍。针对目前的田园管理机的悬架存在的问题进行了研究,利用大型的三维建模软件Pro/E建立了悬架的三维模型,采用Pro/E与Adams之间的接口程序mech/pro将模型从Pro/E导入Adams,再进行动力学分析,模拟悬架在工作时各个部分的受力及运动状态,为进一步优化分析提供了依据。     

Water Pricing and Sustainability of Self-Governing Irrigation Schemes

The sustainability of self-governingirrigation schemes is currently underpressure in many countries as publicfinancial support is decreasing.Furthermore, growing global concernregarding water scarcity means thatefficient water use is essential.Theoretically the choice and implementationof a water-pricing system should play acentral role in achieving this objective,both by recovering water costs and byencouraging farmers to adopt more efficientbehaviour. In the Senegal River Delta newlyestablished water users associations (WUAs)have chosen low water charges, which areaffordable for the majority of farmers butwhich underestimate long-term maintenancecosts. Combined with the difficulty ofcollecting and managing farmers' fees, thischoice has drawn them into a vicious circleleading to scheme deterioration and poorwater service. New alternatives have beendiscussed with them using a simulation toolthat takes into account both the watercosts and the farmers' incomes. Comparedwith the present fixed water charge basedonly on cultivated land, a two-part optionbased both on equipped and irrigated areasensures the recovery of fixed expenses suchas maintenance, while encouraging farmersto intensify their farming systems byadopting double cropping. Neverthelesschoosing a relevant water charge does notensure by itself the sustainability of anirrigation scheme. Combined supportproviding WUAS and farmers with efficientadvice regarding management andorganisational skills should alsocontribute significantly to achieve thisprime objective.     

对汽车撞柱的仿真研究

由于许多汽车事故是因为车辆撞枉而造成的，根据采集得到的真实事故数据，应用LS—DYNA和MADY—MO对车辆撞柱进行仿真，时仿真结果与事故调查结果比较分析表明，该仿真结果能真实反应实际撞柱情况，仿真方法的有效性得以证实。